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Choi YR, Kim YS, Kim MJ. Cinnamyl Alcohol Attenuates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells by Arresting the Cell Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:693. [PMID: 38255766 PMCID: PMC10815721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol (CA) is an aromatic compound found in several plant-based resources and has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. However, the anti-adipogenic mechanism of CA has not been sufficiently studied. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of CA on the regulation of adipogenesis. As evidenced by Oil Red O staining, Western blotting, and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analyses, CA treatment (6.25-25 μM) for 8 d significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner and downregulated adipogenesis-related markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), adiponectin, fatty acid synthase (FAS)) in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin(MDI)-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In particular, among the various differentiation stages, the early stage of adipogenesis was critical for the inhibitory effect of CA. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry and Western blotting showed that CA effectively inhibited MDI-induced initiation of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and downregulating the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and cell cycle markers (cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), cyclin E1, CDK2, and cyclin B1). Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), markers of upstream signaling pathways, were phosphorylated during MCE by CA. In conclusion, CA can act as an anti-adipogenic agent by inhibiting the AMPKα and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and the cell cycle and may also act as a potential therapeutic agent for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Rim Choi
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
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Rocha S, Rufino AT, Freitas M, Silva AMS, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Methodologies for Assessing Pancreatic Lipase Catalytic Activity: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37335098 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2221731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions with a concerning increasing trend. Regarded as one of the main sources of energy, lipids can also represent a big part of an unnecessary intake of calories and be, therefore, directly related to the problem of obesity. Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that is essential in the absorption and digestion of dietary fats and has been explored as an alternative for the reduction of fat absorption and consequent weigh loss.Literature describes a great variability of methodologies and experimental conditions used in research to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds against pancreatic lipase. However, in an attempt to choose the best approach, it is necessary to know all the reaction conditions and understand how these can affect the enzymatic assay.The objective of this review is to understand and summarize the methodologies and respective experimental conditions that are mainly used to evaluate pancreatic lipase catalytic activity.156 studies were included in this work and a detailed description of the most commonly used UV/Vis spectrophotometric and fluorimetric instrumental techniques are presented, including a discussion regarding the differences found in the parameters used in both techniques, namely enzyme, substrate, buffer solutions, kinetics conditions, temperature and pH.This works shows that both UV/Vis spectrophotometry and fluorimetry are useful instrumental techniques for the evaluation of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity, presenting several advantages and limitations, which make the choice of parameters and experimental conditions a crucial decision to obtain the most reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Effects of Propolis Extract and Propolis-Derived Compounds on Obesity and Diabetes: Knowledge from Cellular and Animal Models. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234394. [PMID: 31805752 PMCID: PMC6930477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product resulting from the mixing of bee secretions with botanical exudates. Since propolis is rich in flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives, the application of propolis extracts has been tried in therapies against cancer, inflammation, and metabolic diseases. As metabolic diseases develop relatively slowly in patients, the therapeutic effects of propolis in humans should be evaluated over long periods of time. Moreover, several factors such as medical history, genetic inheritance, and living environment should be taken into consideration in human studies. Animal models, especially mice and rats, have some advantages, as genetic and microbiological variables can be controlled. On the other hand, cellular models allow the investigation of detailed molecular events evoked by propolis and derivative compounds. Taking advantage of animal and cellular models, accumulating evidence suggests that propolis extracts have therapeutic effects on obesity by controlling adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, food intake, and energy expenditure. Studies in animal and cellular models have also indicated that propolis modulates oxidative stress, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and adipose tissue inflammation, all of which contribute to insulin resistance or defects in insulin secretion. Consequently, propolis treatment may mitigate diabetic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review describes the beneficial effects of propolis on metabolic disorders.
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Imai M, Yokoe H, Tsubuki M, Takahashi N. Growth Inhibition of Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells by Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Mechanism of Action. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1134-1139. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Imai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Hiromasa Yokoe
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
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Misawa N, Hosoya T, Yoshida S, Sugimoto O, Yamada-Kato T, Kumazawa S. 5-Hydroxyferulic acid methyl ester isolated from wasabi leaves inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1304-1310. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Misawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Takahiro Hosoya
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Osamu Sugimoto
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Tomoe Yamada-Kato
- Research and Development Division; Kinjirushi Co. Ltd.; 2-61 Yahata-hontori, Nakagawa-ku Nagoya 454-8526 Japan
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Shizuoka; 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
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Galappathie S, Edwards DJ, Elliott AG, Cooper MA, Palombo EA, Butler MS, Mahon PJ. Antibacterial Nerol Cinnamates from the Australian Plant Eremophila longifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1178-1181. [PMID: 28257200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new antimicrobial agents, neryl ferulate (1) and neryl p-coumarate (2), were identified using bioassay-guided isolation from the leaves of Eremophila longifolia, which is a medicinal plant used by some Australian Aboriginal communities. Although gradual autoxidation of the nerol subunit hindered the initial attempts to purify and characterize 1 and 2, it was found that the autoxidation could be stopped through storage under argon at -20 °C. Biological evaluation showed that neryl ferulate (1) had moderate activity against various Gram-positive bacteria, while neryl p-coumarate (2) was active only against Enterococcus faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savithri Galappathie
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Edwards
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland , St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland , St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland , St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland , St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Mahon
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn 3122, Victoria, Australia
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