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Brioschi MBC, Coser EM, Coelho AC, Gadelha FR, Miguel DC. Models for cytotoxicity screening of antileishmanial drugs: what has been done so far? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106612. [PMID: 35691601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have demonstrated the in vitro potential of an impressive number of antileishmanial candidates in the past years. However, the lack of uniformity regarding the choice of cell types for cytotoxicity assays may lead to uncomparable and inconclusive data. In vitro assays relying solely on non-phagocytic cell models may not represent a realistic result as the effect of an antileishmanial agent should ideally be presented based on its cytotoxicity profile against reticuloendothelial system cells. In the present review, we have assembled studies published in the scientific literature from 2015 to 2021 that explored leishmanicidal candidates, emphasising the main host cell models used for cytotoxicity assays. The pros and cons of different host cell types as well as primary cells and cell lines are discussed in order to draw attention to the need to establish standardised protocols for preclinical testing when assessing new antileishmanial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B C Brioschi
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M Coser
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano C Coelho
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Gadelha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhou YF, Yan BC, Yang Q, Long XY, Zhang DQ, Luo RH, Wang HY, Sun HD, Xue XS, Zheng YT, Puno PT. Harnessing Natural Products by a Pharmacophore-Oriented Semisynthesis Approach for the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201684. [PMID: 35484726 PMCID: PMC9074085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural products possessing unique scaffolds may have antiviral activity but their complex structures hinder facile synthesis. A pharmacophore‐oriented semisynthesis approach was applied to (−)‐maoelactone A (1) and oridonin (2) for the discovery of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents. The Wolff rearrangement/lactonization cascade (WRLC) reaction was developed to construct the unprecedented maoelactone‐type scaffold during semisynthesis of 1. Further mechanistic study suggested a concerted mechanism for Wolff rearrangement and a water‐assisted stepwise process for lactonization. The WRLC reaction then enabled the creation of a novel family by assembly of the maoelactone‐type scaffold and the pharmacophore of 2, whereby one derivative inhibited SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in HPA EpiC cells with a low EC50 value (19±1 nM) and a high TI value (>1000), both values better than those of remdesivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Bing-Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xin-Yan Long
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Dan-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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3
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Zhou YF, Yan BC, Yang Q, Long XY, Zhang DQ, Luo RH, Wang HY, Sun HD, Xue XS, Zheng YT, Puno PT. Harnessing Natural Products by a Pharmacophore‐Oriented Semisynthesis Approach for the Discovery of Potential Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fei Zhou
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China CHINA
| | - Bing-Chao Yan
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China CHINA
| | - Qian Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China CHINA
| | - Xin-Yan Long
- Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Dan-Qi Zhang
- Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China CHINA
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China CHINA
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China No. 132, Lanhei Road 650201 Kunming CHINA
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Belmonte-Reche E, Martínez-García M, Peñalver P, Gómez-Pérez V, Lucas R, Gamarro F, Pérez-Victoria JM, Morales JC. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol derivatives as antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 119:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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