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Huang W, Zhang R, Zhang R, Yu J, Wang M. Radical hydrotrifluoromethylation of ynamides: a route toward β-CF 3 enamides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here a radical hydrotrifluoromethylation of ynamides to provide an alternative route toward β-CF3 enamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiao Huang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ruzhong Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ruxue Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Yu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
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2
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Klenner MA, Pascali G, Fraser BH, Darwish TA. Kinetic isotope effects and synthetic strategies for deuterated carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labelled PET radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:112-147. [PMID: 33892374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The deuterium labelling of pharmaceuticals is a useful strategy for altering pharmacokinetic properties, particularly for improving metabolic resistance. The pharmacological effects of such metabolites are often assumed to be negligible during standard drug discovery and are factored in later at the clinical phases of development, where the risks and benefits of the treatment and side-effects can be wholly assessed. This paradigm does not translate to the discovery of radiopharmaceuticals, however, as the confounding effects of radiometabolites can inevitably show in preliminary positron emission tomography (PET) scans and thus complicate interpretation. Consequently, the formation of radiometabolites is crucial to take into consideration, compared to non-radioactive metabolites, and the application of deuterium labelling is a particularly attractive approach to minimise radiometabolite formation. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the deuterated carbon-11 and fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals employed in PET imaging experiments. Specifically, we explore six categories of deuterated radiopharmaceuticals used to investigate the activities of monoamine oxygenase (MAO), choline, translocator protein (TSPO), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), neurotransmission and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; from which we derive four prominent deuteration strategies giving rise to a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for reducing the rate of metabolism. Synthetic approaches for over thirty of these deuterated radiopharmaceuticals are discussed from the perspective of deuterium and radioisotope incorporation, alongside an evaluation of the deuterium labelling and radiolabelling efficacies across these independent studies. Clinical and manufacturing implications are also discussed to provide a more comprehensive overview of how deuterated radiopharmaceuticals may be introduced to routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Klenner
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Fraser
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility (NDF) & Human Health, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
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3
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Borisova T, Pozdnyakova N, Dudarenko M, Krisanova N, Andronati S. GABAA receptor agonist cinazepam and its active metabolite 3-hydroxyphenazepam act differently at the presynaptic site. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 45:39-51. [PMID: 33820715 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cinazepam C19H14BrClN2O5, ("LevanaⓇ ІC") a partial GABAA receptor agonist, and its active metabolite 3-hydroxyphenazepam C15H10BrClN2O2 were comparatively assessed in vitro using nerve terminals isolated from rat cortex (synaptosomes). At the presynaptic site, cinazepam (100 and 200 µM) facilitated synaptosomal transporter-mediated [3H]GABA uptake by enhancing both the initial rate and accumulation, and decreased the ambient level and transporter-mediated release of [3H]GABA. Whereas, 3-hydroxyphenazepam decreased the uptake and did not change the ambient synaptosomal level and transporter-mediated release of [3H]GABA. To exclude GABA transporter influence, NO-711, the transporter blocker, was applied and it was found that exocytotic release of [3H]GABA decreased, whereas tonic release of [3H]GABA was not changed in the presence of both cinazepam or 3-hydroxyphenazepam after treatment of synaptosomes with NO-711. In fluorimetric studies using potential- and pH-sensitive dyes rhodamine 6G and acridine orange, respectively, it was found that cinazepam hyperpolarized the synaptosomal plasma membrane, and increased synaptic vesicle acidification, whereas, 3-hydroxyphenazepam demonstrated opposite effects on these parameters. Therefore, action of cinazepam and its active metabolite 3-hydroxyphenazepam on GABAergic neurotransmission was different. Therapeutic effects of cinazepam can be associated with its ability to hyperpolarize the plasma membrane, to increase synaptic vesicle acidification and capacity of its active metabolite 3-hydroxyphenazepam to inhibit GABA transporter functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Borisova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev 01054, Ukraine.
| | - Natalia Pozdnyakova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev 01054, Ukraine.
| | - Marina Dudarenko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev 01054, Ukraine.
| | - Natalia Krisanova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, The Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev 01054, Ukraine.
| | - Sergey Andronati
- The Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 86 Lustdorfskaya doroga, 65080 Odessa, Ukraine.
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4
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Kolahdouzan K, Kumar R, Gaunt MJ. Visible-light mediated carbonyl trifluoromethylative amination as a practical method for the synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl tertiary alkylamines. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12089-12094. [PMID: 34094424 PMCID: PMC8162877 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04853d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development of an operationally straigtforward, visible-light-mediated multicomponent strategy for the construction of β-trifluoromethylated tertiary alkylamines from feedstock aldehydes, secondary amines and a convenient source of trifluoromethyl iodide. The new process does not require a photocatalyst, is metal-free, displays a broad functional group tolerance and offers rapid, one-pot access to trifluoromethylated drug-like compounds that will be of interest in medicinal chemistry. An operationally straightforward, visible-light-mediated multicomponent strategy for the construction of β-trifluoromethylated tertiary alkylamines from aldehydes, secondary amines and a convenient source of trifluoromethyl iodide is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavoos Kolahdouzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Xiao H, Shen H, Zhu L, Li C. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Aminotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11440-11445. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Haigen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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Verma R, Sharma J, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Investigating the possible pain attenuating mechanisms of pregabalin in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:1155-1165. [PMID: 31256739 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1638783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study: The current study was aimed to investigate the neuropathic pain attenuating mechanism of pregabalin using chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats. Material and Methods: The sciatic nerve was ligated by placing four loose ligatures around it to induce neuropathic pain. The pain development in terms of cold allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and heat hyperalgesia was assessed on the 7th and 14th day after surgery, using acetone drop, pinprick, and hot plate tests. On the 14th day after the injury, pain parameters were assessed 30 minutes after administration of pregabalin (30 mg/kg) and sodium nitroprusside (5 mg/kg) in CCI-subjected rats. Results: CCI led to induction of neuropathic pain, which was more prominent on 14th day in comparison to 7th day. A single administration of pregabalin and sodium nitroprusside on 14th day, markedly reduced pain parameters and increased serum nitrite levels. Pretreatment with L-NAME abolished neuropathic pain attenuating effects of pregabalin suggesting that pregabalin may increase the levels of nitric oxide to mitigate neuropathic pain. Pretreatment with naloxone significantly abrogated pain attenuating effects of pregabalin and sodium nitroprusside in CCI-subjected rats suggesting that pregabalin and nitric oxide-mediated analgesic action are mediated through release of endogenous opioids. Moreover, naloxone failed to modulate pregabalin-induced increase in nitric oxide levels suggesting that the opioid system does not control the nitric oxide levels, and opioids may be downstream modulators of nitric oxide. Conclusion: Pregabalin may increase the release of nitric oxide, which may increase the release of endogenous opioids to attenuate neuropathic pain in CCI subjected rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala , Patiala , India
| | - Jasmine Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala , Patiala , India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala , Patiala , India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala , Patiala , India
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8
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Martínez-Pardo P, Blay G, Vila C, Sanz-Marco A, Muñoz MC, Pedro JR. Enantioselective Synthesis of 5-Trifluoromethyl-2-oxazolines under Dual Silver/Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2018; 84:314-325. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martínez-Pardo
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València 46100, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València 46100, Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València 46100, Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València 46100, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Muñoz
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, València 46022, Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València 46100, Spain
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Hamada NM, Ashour RH, Shalaby AA, El-Beltagi HM. Calcitonin potentiates the anticonvulsant and antinociceptive effects of valproic acid and pregabalin in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:351-355. [PMID: 29104044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs are the backbone for epilepsy management. Epilepsy may be accompanied by decreased pain threshold. Thus, anticonvulsant agents with antinociceptive properties are of great importance. This study investigated the possible anticonvulsant and antinociceptive effects of calcitonin in combination with either valproic acid or pregabalin and whether these effects might occur through γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulation. Eighty-four male Balb/C mice were divided into 7 groups: control-naïve, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, PTZ-calcitonin, PTZ-valproic acid, PTZ-pregabalin, PTZ-calcitonin-valproic acid (PCV) combination, and PTZ-calcitonin-pregabalin (PCP) combination. PTZ was used in a sub-convulsive dosage, every other day for 11 injections. Drugs were given i.p. 30min before PTZ. After each PTZ injection, mice were put under observation and PTZ-provoked seizures were assessed. After the last dose of PTZ, the hot plate test was used to assess antinociceptive properties. Also, brain GABA neurotransmitter was evaluated by immunoassay. Repeated injection of PTZ induced chemical kindling. Calcitonin was found to have significant antinociceptive property as shown by hot plate latency. The beneficial effects of PCV and PCP combination were statistically significant in epilepsy and pain models as compared to valproic acid and pregabalin. The antiepileptic and antinociceptive activity of calcitonin may not relate to the GABAergic system. Calcitonin enhanced the anticonvulsant and antinociceptive effects of either valproic acid or pregabalin. This new treatment "calcitonin add-on" may provide an improved range of options for patients with refractory epilepsy which is still an important risk factor for sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Hamada
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60 El-Gomhoria St., Al-Dakahlia, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rehab H Ashour
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60 El-Gomhoria St., Al-Dakahlia, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amany A Shalaby
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60 El-Gomhoria St., Al-Dakahlia, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hussien M El-Beltagi
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60 El-Gomhoria St., Al-Dakahlia, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Borisova T, Pozdnyakova N, Shaitanova E, Gerus I, Dudarenko M, Haufe G, Kukhar V. Effects of new fluorinated analogues of GABA, pregabalin bioisosters, on the ambient level and exocytotic release of [ 3H]GABA from rat brain nerve terminals. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:759-764. [PMID: 27956036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that new fluorinated analogues of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), bioisosters of pregabalin (β-i-Bu-GABA), i.e. β-polyfluoroalkyl-GABAs (FGABAs), with substituents: β-CF3-β-OH (1), β-CF3 (2); β-CF2CF2H (3), are able to increase the initial rate of [3H]GABA uptake by isolated rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes), and this effect is higher than that of pregabalin. So, synthesized FGABAs are structural but not functional analogues of GABA. Herein, we assessed the effects of synthesized FGABAs (100μM) on the ambient level and exocytotic release of [3H]GABA in nerve terminals and compared with those of pregabalin (100μM). It was shown that FGABAs 1-3 did not influence the ambient level of [3H]GABA in the synaptosomal preparations, and this parameter was also not altered by pregabalin. During blockage of GABA transporters GAT1 by specific inhibitor NO-711, FGABAs and pregabalin also did not change ambient [3H]GABA in synaptosomal preparations. Exocytotic release of [3H]GABA from synaptosomes decreased in the presence of FGABAs 1-3 and pregabalin, and the effects of FGABAs 1 &3 were more significant than those of FGABAs 2 and pregabalin. FGABAs 1-3/pregabalin-induced decrease in exocytotic release of [3H]GABA from synaptosomes was not a result of changes in the potential of the plasma membrane. Therefore, new synthesized FGABAs 1 &3 were able to decrease exocytotic release of [3H]GABA from nerve terminals more effectively in comparison to pregabalin. Absence of unspecific side effects of FGABAs 1 &3 on the membrane potential makes these compounds perspective for medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Borisova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev 01601, Ukraine.
| | - N Pozdnyakova
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev 01601, Ukraine.
| | - E Shaitanova
- The Department of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Murmanskaya Street. 1, Kiev 02094, Ukraine.
| | - I Gerus
- The Department of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Murmanskaya Street. 1, Kiev 02094, Ukraine.
| | - M Dudarenko
- The Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha Street, Kiev 01601, Ukraine.
| | - G Haufe
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - V Kukhar
- The Department of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Murmanskaya Street. 1, Kiev 02094, Ukraine.
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Ordóñez M, Cativiela C, Romero-Estudillo I. An update on the stereoselective synthesis of γ-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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