Novel diazabicycloalkane delta opioid agonists

Development of a Crystallization-Induced Diastereomer Transformation of Oxime Isomers for the Asymmetric Synthesis of (1S,6R)-3,9-Diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane

Herein we report a practical crystallization-induced diastereomer transformation (CIDT) of oxime isomers for the scalable asymmetric synthesis of the bicyclic diamine (1S,6R)-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane derivative that serves as a valuable building block in medicinal chemistry. The developed approach utilizes (S)-phenylethylamine as a chiral auxiliary handle for CIDT, and the starting nortropinone derivative is prepared in one step from commercially available materials. The resulting E-oxime is subjected to a stereospecific Beckmann rearrangement, followed by reduction of the resulting lactam with LiAlH4 to afford the monoprotected (1S,6R)-3,9-diazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane derivative. The development of the CIDT and understanding of the mechanistic implications leading to the high selectivity are reported.

Facile Assembling of Novel 2,3,6,7,9-pentaazabicyclo- [3.3.1]nona-3,7-diene Derivatives under Microwave and Ultrasound Platforms

Reactions of a series of 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanal derivatives with two molar ratio of ammonium acetate afforded a library of tetrasubstituted 2,3,6,7,9-pentaazabicyclo[3.3.1]nona- 3,7-diene derivatives in good to excellent isolated yields. The reaction was activated with triethylamine catalyst under three different heating modes: thermal, ultrasonic and microwave irradiating conditions in ethanol solvent. The structures of the isolated products were fully characterized by spectral and analytical data as well as X-ray single crystal of selected examples.

Endogenous Opiates and Behavior: 2015

This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.