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Sarhan MO, Haffez H, Elsayed NA, El-Haggar RS, Zaghary WA. New phenothiazine conjugates as apoptosis inducing agents: Design, synthesis, In-vitro anti-cancer screening and 131I-radiolabeling for in-vivo evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106924. [PMID: 37871390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Phenothiazines (PTZs) are a group of compounds characterized by the presence of the 10H-dibenzo-[b,e]-1,4-thiazine system. PTZs used in clinics as antipsychotic drugs with other diverse biological activities. The current aim of the study is to investigate and understand the effect of potent PTZs compounds using a group of In-vitro and In-vivo assays. A total of seventeen novel phenothiazine derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated primarily in-vitro for their ability to inhibit proliferation activity against NCI-60 cancer cell lines, including several multi-drug resistant (MDR) tumor cell lines. Almost all compounds were active and displayed promising cellular activities with GI50 values in the sub-micromolar range. Four of the most promising derivatives (4b, 4h, 4g and 6e) have been further tested against two selected sensitive cancer cell lines (colon cancer; HCT-116 and breast cancer; MDA-MB231). The apoptosis assay showed that all the selected compounds were able to induce early apoptosis and compound 6e was able to induce additional cellular necrosis. Cell cycle assay showed all selected compounds were able to induce cell cycle arrest at sub-molecular phase of G0-G1 with compound 6e induced cell cycle arrest at G2M in HCT-116 cells. Accordingly, the apoptotic effect of the selected compounds was extensively investigated on genetic level and Casp-3, Casp-9 and Bax gene were up-regulated with down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene suggesting the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In-vivo evaluation of the antitumor activity of compound 4b in solid tumor bearing mice showed promising therapeutic effect with manifestation of dose and time dependent toxic effects at higher doses. For better evaluation of the degree of localization of 4b, its 131I-congener (131I-4b) was injected intravenously in Ehrlich solid tumor bearing mice that showed good localization at tumor site with rapid distribution and clearance from the blood. In-silico study suggested NADPH oxidases (NOXs) as potential molecular target. The compounds introduced in the current study work provided a cutting-edge phenothiazine hybrid scaffold with promising anti-proliferation action that may suggest their anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Sarhan
- Labelled Compounds Department, Hot Lab Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; Center of Scientific Excellence "Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)", Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nosaiba A Elsayed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwan S El-Haggar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Zaghary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Zubaș A, Ghinet A, Farce A, Dubois J, Bîcu E. Phenothiazine- and Carbazole-Cyanochalcones as Dual Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization and Human Farnesyltransferase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:888. [PMID: 37375835 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for innovative approaches to cancer chemotherapy, a chemical library of 49 cyanochalcones, 1a-r, 2a-o, and 3a-p, was designed as dual inhibitors of human farnesyltransferase (FTIs) and tubulin polymerization (MTIs) (FTIs/MTIs), two important biological targets in oncology. This approach is innovative since the same molecule would be able to interfere with two different mitotic events of the cancer cells and prevent these cells from developing an emergency route and becoming resistant to anticancer agents. Compounds were synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of aldehydes with N-3-oxo-propanenitriles under classical magnetic stirring and under sonication. Newly synthesized compounds were screened for their potential to inhibit human farnesyltransferase, tubulin polymerization, and cancer cell growth in vitro. This study allowed for the identification of 22 FTIs and 8 dual FTIs/MTIs inhibitors. The most effective molecule was carbazole-cyanochalcone 3a, bearing a 4-dimethylaminophenyl group (IC50 (h-FTase) = 0.12 µM; IC50 (tubulin) = 0.24 µM) with better antitubulin activity than the known inhibitors that were previously reported, phenstatin and (-)-desoxypodophyllotoxin. The docking of the dual inhibitors was realized in both the active site of FTase and in the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Such compounds with a dual inhibitory profile are excellent clinical candidates for the treatment of human cancers and offer new research perspectives in the search for new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Zubaș
- Faculty of Chemistry, 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Faculty of Chemistry, 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Junia, Health and Environment, Laboratory of Sustainable Chemistry and Health, 59000 Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Amaury Farce
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Joëlle Dubois
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301, CNRS, Centre de Recherche de Gif, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elena Bîcu
- Faculty of Chemistry, 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Venkatesan K, Satyanarayana VSV, Sivakumar A. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Phenothiazine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2021254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Venkatesan
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - A. Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Development of Phenothiazine Hybrids with Potential Medicinal Interest: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010276. [PMID: 35011508 PMCID: PMC8746661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular hybridization approach has been used to develop compounds with improved efficacy by combining two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds. In this context, hybridization of various relevant pharmacophores with phenothiazine derivatives has resulted in pertinent compounds with diverse biological activities, interacting with specific or multiple targets. In fact, the development of new drugs or drug candidates based on phenothiazine system has been a promising approach due to the diverse activities associated with this tricyclic system, traditionally present in compounds with antipsychotic, antihistaminic and antimuscarinic effects. Actually, the pharmacological actions of phenothiazine hybrids include promising antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, analgesic and multi-drug resistance reversal properties. The present review summarizes the progress in the development of phenothiazine hybrids and their biological activity.
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5
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Shen GB, Qian BC, Fu YH, Zhu XQ. Thermodynamics of the elementary steps of organic hydride chemistry determined in acetonitrile and their applications. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01310j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the thermodynamics of the elementary step of 421 organic hydrides and unsaturated compounds releasing or accepting hydride or hydrogen determined in acetonitrile as well as their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Shen
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Chen Qian
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hua Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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Ravi S, Barui S, Kirubakaran S, Duhan P, Bhowmik K. Synthesis and Characterization of Quinoline-3-Carboxamide Derivatives as Inhibitors of the ATM Kinase. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2070-2079. [PMID: 32735523 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200731174216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of inhibiting the kinases of the DDR pathway for radiosensitizing cancer cells is well established. Cancer cells exploit these kinases for their survival, which leads to the development of resistance towards DNA damaging therapeutics. OBJECTIVE In this article, the focus is on targeting the key mediator of the DDR pathway, the ATM kinase. A new set of quinoline-3-carboxamides, as potential inhibitors of ATM, is reported. METHODS Quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and cytotoxicity assay was performed to analyze the effect of molecules on different cancer cell lines like HCT116, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231. RESULTS Three of the synthesized compounds showed promising cytotoxicity towards a selected set of cancer cell lines. Western Blot analysis was also performed by pre-treating the cells with quercetin, a known ATM upregulator, by causing DNA double-strand breaks. SAR studies suggested the importance of the electron-donating nature of the R group for the molecule to be toxic. Finally, Western-Blot analysis confirmed the down-regulation of ATM in the cells. Additionally, the PTEN negative cell line, MDA-MB-468, was more sensitive towards the compounds in comparison with the PTEN positive cell line, MDA-MB-231. Cytotoxicity studies against 293T cells showed that the compounds were at least three times less toxic when compared with HCT116. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these experiments will lay the groundwork for the evolution of potent and selective ATM inhibitors for the radio- and chemo-sensitization of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimadhavi Ravi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sugata Barui
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Parul Duhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kaushik Bhowmik
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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7
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Enhanced antitumor potential induced by chloroacetate-loaded benzophenones acting as fused tubulin-pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1) ligands. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Sivaramakarthikeyan R, Karuppasamy A, Iniyaval S, Padmavathy K, Lim WM, Mai CW, Ramalingan C. Phenothiazine and amide-ornamented novel nitrogen heterocyclic hybrids: synthesis, biological and molecular docking studies. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of phenothiazine and amide-ornamented nitrogen heterocycles (25–34) has been accomplished utilizing a multi-step synthetic protocol and the structures have been established based on physical and spectral techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Sivaramakarthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
| | - Ayyanar Karuppasamy
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
| | - Shunmugam Iniyaval
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
| | - Krishnaraj Padmavathy
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- School of Pharmacy
- International Medical University
- Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- School of Pharmacy
- International Medical University
- Malaysia
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research
- Institute for Research
| | - Chennan Ramalingan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University)
- Krishnankoil
- India
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Sachdeva T, Low ML, Mai C, Cheong SL, Liew YK, Milton MD. Design, Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Phenothiazine‐Based Triazolopyridine Derivatives: Evaluation of Anti‐Breast Cancer Activity on Human Breast Carcinoma. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - May Lee Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of PharmacyInternational Medical University, No. 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chun‐Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of PharmacyInternational Medical University, No. 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for Research, Development and InnovationInternational Medical University, No. 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siew Lee Cheong
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of PharmacyInternational Medical University, No. 126 Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yun Khoon Liew
- Department of Life SciencesSchool of PharmacyInternational Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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10
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An overview of microtubule targeting agents for cancer therapy. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:160-172. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The entire world is looking for effective cancer therapies whose benefits would outweigh their toxicity. One way to reduce resistance to chemotherapy and its adverse effects is the so called targeted therapy, which targets specific molecules (“molecular targets”) that play a critical role in cancer growth, progression, and metastasis. One such specific target are microtubules. In this review we address the current knowledge about microtubule-targeting agents or drugs (MTAs/MTDs) used in cancer therapy from their synthesis to toxicities. Synthetic and natural MTAs exhibit antitumor activity, and preclinical and clinical studies have shown that their anticancer effectiveness is higher than that of traditional drug therapies. Furthermore, MTAs involve a lower risk of adverse effects such as neurotoxicity and haemotoxicity. Several new generation MTAs are currently being evaluated for clinical use. This review brings updated information on the benefits of MTAs, therapeutic approaches, advantages, and challenges in their research.
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11
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Weissenrieder JS, Neighbors JD, Mailman RB, Hohl RJ. Cancer and the Dopamine D 2 Receptor: A Pharmacological Perspective. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:111-126. [PMID: 31000578 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.256818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) family is upregulated in many cancers and tied to stemness. Reduced cancer risk has been correlated with disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, in which dopaminergic drugs are used. D2R antagonists are reported to have anticancer efficacy in cell culture and animal models where they have reduced tumor growth, induced autophagy, affected lipid metabolism, and caused apoptosis, among other effects. This has led to several hypotheses, the most prevalent being that D2R ligands may be a novel approach to cancer chemotherapy. This hypothesis is appealing because of the large number of approved and experimental drugs of this class that could be repurposed. We review the current state of the literature and the evidence for and against this hypothesis. When the existing literature is evaluated from a pharmacological context, one of the striking findings is that the concentrations needed for cytotoxic effects of D2R antagonists are orders of magnitude higher than their affinity for this receptor. Although additional definitive studies will provide further clarity, our hypothesis is that targeting D2-like dopamine receptors may only yield useful ligands for cancer chemotherapy in rare cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian S Weissenrieder
- Biomedical Sciences Program (J.S.W.) and Departments of Medicine (J.D.N., R.J.H.) and Pharmacology (J.D.N., R.B.M., R.J.H.), Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey D Neighbors
- Biomedical Sciences Program (J.S.W.) and Departments of Medicine (J.D.N., R.J.H.) and Pharmacology (J.D.N., R.B.M., R.J.H.), Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard B Mailman
- Biomedical Sciences Program (J.S.W.) and Departments of Medicine (J.D.N., R.J.H.) and Pharmacology (J.D.N., R.B.M., R.J.H.), Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond J Hohl
- Biomedical Sciences Program (J.S.W.) and Departments of Medicine (J.D.N., R.J.H.) and Pharmacology (J.D.N., R.B.M., R.J.H.), Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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12
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Liu N, Jin Z, Zhang J, Jin J. Antitumor evaluation of novel phenothiazine derivatives that inhibit migration and tubulin polymerization against gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:188-198. [PMID: 30345465 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two novel series of 1,2,3-triazole-phenothiazine hybrids and dithiocarbamate-phenothiazine hybrids were designed and synthesized by molecular hybridization strategy. Their antiproliferative activity against three gastric cancer cell lines (MKN28, MGC-803 and MKN45) were evaluated. Among them, hybrid 13h displayed the most potent inhibitory activity against gastric cancer MGC-803 cells with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM. Hybrid 13h could inhibit migration by regulating the expression level of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and actived-MMP2. Furthermore, it could regulate wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on MGC-803 cells in a concentration-dependent manner by decreasing the expression level of Wnt5α, β-catenin and TCF4. From the tubulin polymerization assay results in vitro, hybrid 13h was a novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor. By oral administration assay, compound 13h could effectively inhibit MGC-803 xenograft tumor growth in vivo without obvious side effects. In summary, compound 13h might be an orally active antitumor agent with clinical applications to the treatment of gastric cancer. Graphical abstract Antitumor mechanisms of novel phenothiazine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zhe Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
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Gul HI, Yamali C, Gunesacar G, Sakagami H, Okudaira N, Uesawa Y, Kagaya H. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and QSAR studies of phenothiazine derived methoxylated chalcones as anticancer drug candidates. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Antiproliferative Phenothiazine Hybrids as Novel Apoptosis Inducers against MCF-7 Breast Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061288. [PMID: 29843370 PMCID: PMC6100384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a series of novel phenothiazine-1,2,3-triazole hybrids by the molecular hybridization strategy and evaluated their antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7). For the structure-activity relationships, the importance of 1,2,3-triazole and substituents on phenyl ring was explored. Among these phenothiazine-1,2,3-triazole hybrids, compound 9f showed the most potent inhibitory effect against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.8 μM. Importantly, compound 9f could induce apoptosis against MCF-7 cells by regulating apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, Parp, and DR5). These potent phenothiazine-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as novel apoptosis inducers might be used as antitumor agents in the future.
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15
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Ma XH, Liu N, Lu JL, Zhao J, Zhang XJ. Design, Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel Phenothiazine-1,2,3-Triazole Analogues. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x15122516000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of seven novel 1-aryl-1,2,3-triazole derivatives bearing a 4-(phenothiazin-10-ylmethyl) moiety were designed using a molecular hybridisation approach and synthesised by alkyne/azide click chemistry. Most of the synthesised compounds exhibited moderate to good antiproliferative activity (IC50 values: 0.5 to 6.7 μM) against stomach, oesophagus, prostate, breast and liver cancer cell lines, but a compound containing a 4-chlorophenyl moiety showed better activity against all cell lines than 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Li Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
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16
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Ghinet A, Abuhaie CM, Homerin G, Marzag H, Dubois J, Lipka E, Rigo B, Daïch A. 1,3,5-Oxadiazine Framework by Oxygen vs. Nitrogen Trapping of anN-Acyliminium Ion Derived fromN,O-bis-TMS Pyroglutamic Acid. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ghinet
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France; Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie; 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
- Inserm, U995-LIRIC, CHRU de Lille; Faculté de Médecine-Pôle Recherche; 2 Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi; Faculty of Chemistry; Bd. Carol I nr. 11 700506 Iasi Romania
| | - Cristina-Maria Abuhaie
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France; Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie; 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
- Inserm, U995-LIRIC, CHRU de Lille; Faculté de Médecine-Pôle Recherche; 2 Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi; Faculty of Chemistry; Bd. Carol I nr. 11 700506 Iasi Romania
| | - Germain Homerin
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France; Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie; 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
- Inserm, U995-LIRIC, CHRU de Lille; Faculté de Médecine-Pôle Recherche; 2 Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
| | - Hamid Marzag
- Normandie Univ., UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM; 76600 Le Havre France
| | - Joëlle Dubois
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301, CNRS; Centre de Recherche de Gif; Avenue de la Terrasse F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Emmanuelle Lipka
- Inserm, U995-LIRIC, CHRU de Lille; Faculté de Médecine-Pôle Recherche; 2 Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
- UFR Pharmacie; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique , BP. 83; F-59006 Lille France
| | - Benoît Rigo
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France; Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie; 13 rue de Toul F-59046 Lille France
- Inserm, U995-LIRIC, CHRU de Lille; Faculté de Médecine-Pôle Recherche; 2 Place Verdun F-59045 Lille Cedex France
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ., UNILEHAVRE, FR 3038 CNRS, URCOM; 76600 Le Havre France
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17
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Fu DJ, Zhao RH, Li JH, Yang JJ, Mao RW, Wu BW, Li P, Zi XL, Zhang QQ, Cai HJ, Zhang SY, Zhang YB, Liu HM. Molecular diversity of phenothiazines: design and synthesis of phenothiazine-dithiocarbamate hybrids as potential cell cycle blockers. Mol Divers 2017; 21:933-942. [PMID: 28785928 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel phenothiazine-dithiocarbamate analogues were designed by molecular hybridization strategy and synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity in vitro against three selected cancer cell lines (EC-109, MGC-803, and PC-3). The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) for this phenothiazine-dithiocarbamate hybrids is explored. Among all analogues, 2-oxo-2-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethyl 4-ethylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate (8a) showed the most potent inhibitory activity with an [Formula: see text] value of [Formula: see text] against PC-3 cells. In addition, compound 8a could arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase and regulate the expression of G1 checkpoint-related proteins, suggesting that phenothiazine-dithiocarbamate hybrids might be useful as cell cycle blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jun Fu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruo-Han Zhao
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia-Huan Li
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruo-Wang Mao
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo-Wen Wu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zi
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Jie Cai
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yan-Bing Zhang
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
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18
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Methylene versus carbonyl bridge in the structure of new tubulin polymerization inhibitors with tricyclic A-rings. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6021-6030. [PMID: 27707624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenothiazine group has been identified as a suitable A ring in the structure of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. In our search to identify more potent inhibitors, a study of different isosteric tricyclic groups as new potential A rings was first realized and permitted to identify 1-azaphenothiazine and iminodibenzyl as favorable modulations providing compounds with improved activity against tubulin. An investigation of the methylene group as the connector between the A and B rings revealed that the "CH2" bridge was tolerated, improving the biological potency when the A unit was of phenothiazine, 1-azaphenothiazine or iminodibenzyl type. Molecules 6-8 and 12 showed increased biological activity in comparison to parent phenstatin 2 on COLO 205 colon cancer cell line. The most antineoplastic agent in the current study was phenothiazine 5 displaying a GI50 of 25nM against the melanoma MDA-MB-435 cell line.
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