1
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Williams DR, Taylor L, Miter GA, Sheiman JL, Wallace JM, Allen MR, Kohler R, Medeiros C. Synthesis Studies and the Evaluation of C 6 Raloxifene Derivatives. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:879-884. [PMID: 38894928 PMCID: PMC11181480 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Methodology is described for the synthesis of C6 derivatives of raloxifene, a prescribed drug for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Studies have explored the incorporation of electron-withdrawing substituents at C6 of the benzothiophene core. Efficient processes are also examined to introduce hydrogen bond donor and acceptor functionality. Raloxifene derivatives are evaluated with in vitro testing to determine estrogen receptor (ER) binding affinity and gene expression in MC3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Levin Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Gabriel A. Miter
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Johnathan L. Sheiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue
University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department
of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 United States
| | - Rachel Kohler
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue
University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Claudia Medeiros
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue
University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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2
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Condi FLDF, Fuchs LFP, Carvalho KC, Baracat EC. Treatment with Raloxifene Induces the Expression of Kisspeptin, Insulin, and Androgen Receptors in Bones of Castrated Adult Female Rats. Rev Bras Ortop 2024; 59:e228-e234. [PMID: 38606141 PMCID: PMC11006519 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of estrogen, raloxifene and genistein on the expression of KISS1 (kisspeptin), KISS1R (kisspeptin receptor), AR (androgen receptor) and INSR (insulin receptor) in the bones of ovariectomized rats. Methods Forty-eight adult rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, containing 8 animals each: G1-nonovariectomized control; G2-ovariectomized and treated with conjugated equine estrogens (50 µg/Kg/day); G3-ovariectomized and treated with raloxifene (0.75 mg/kg/day); G4-ovariectomized animal that received soy extract with genistein (300 mg/kg/day); G5-ovariectomized animal that received estrogen and genistein; and G6-ovariectomized animal that received estrogen and raloxifene. Three months after surgery, the castrated animals received the drugs orally daily for 120 days. All animals were sacrificed after this period, by deepening the anesthesia. The left tibia was removed for total RNA extraction and analysis of gene expression of KISS1 , KISS1R , AR and INSR , by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results KISS1 was not detected in any of the treated groups. KISS1R , INSR and AR showed higher expression in the G3 group ( p < 0.001), while lower levels of transcripts for these genes were observed in G4 and G5. G2 animals showed hypoexpression of the evaluated genes. Conclusion The results indicate that raloxifene, alone or combined with estrogen, was able to induce the expression of genes associated with the recovery of bone tissue homeostasis in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Fernando Portugal Fuchs
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Katia Candido Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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3
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Xin L, Min J, Hu H, Li Y, Du C, Xie B, Cheng Y, Deng X, Deng X, Shen K, Huang J, Chen CC, Guo RT, Dong C, Zhou HB. Structure-guided identification of novel dual-targeting estrogen receptor α degraders with aromatase inhibitory activity for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115328. [PMID: 37037140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in conventional endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (BC). BC is a multifactorial disease, in which simultaneous aromatase (ARO) inhibition and ERα degradation may effectively inhibit the signal transduction of both proteins, thus potentially overcoming drug resistance caused by overexpression or mutation of target proteins. In this study, guided by the X-ray structure of a hit compound 30a in complex with ER-Y537S, a structure-based optimization was performed to get a series of multiacting inhibitors targeting both ERα and ARO, and finally a novel class of potent selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) based on a three-dimensional oxabicycloheptene sulfonamide (OBHSA) scaffold equipped with aromatase inhibitor (AI) activity were identified. Of these dual-targeting SERD-AI hybrids, compound 31q incorporating a 1H-1,2,4-triazole moiety showed excellent ERα degradation activity, ARO inhibitory activity and remarkable antiproliferative activity against BC resistant cells. Furthermore, 31q manifested efficient tumor suppression in MCF-7 tumor xenograft models. Taken together, our study reported for the first time the highly efficient dual-targeting SERD-AI hybrid compounds, which may lay the foundation of translational research for improved treatment of endocrine-resistant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Xin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hebing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chuanqian Du
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kang Shen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Chune Dong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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4
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Bhatia N, Hazra S, Thareja S. Selective Estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) for the treatment of breast cancer: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115422. [PMID: 37163948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of SERDs has changed the direction of anticancer research, as more than 70% of breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor positive (ER+). Therapies such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) and aromatase inhibitors (AI's) have been effective, but due to endocrine resistance, SERDs are now considered essential therapeutics for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer. The present review deliberates the pathophysiology of SERDs from the literature covering various molecules in clinical trials. Estrogen receptors active sites distinguishing characteristics and interactions with currently available FDA-approved drugs have also been discussed. Designing strategy of previously reported SERDs, their SAR analysis, in silico, and the biological efficacy have also been summarized along with appropriate examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Shreejita Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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5
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Lu Y, Liu W. Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs): A Promising Strategy for Estrogen Receptor Positive Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15094-15114. [PMID: 33138369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) plays important roles in gene transcription and the proliferation of ER positive breast cancers. Selective modulation of ER has been a therapeutic target for this specific type of breast cancer for more than 30 years. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been demonstrated to be effective therapeutic approaches for ER positive breast cancers. Unfortunately, 30-50% of ER positive tumors become resistant to SERM/AI treatment after 3-5 years. Fulvestrant, the only approved selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), is currently an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancers. The poor pharmacokinetic properties of fulvestrant have inspired the development of a new generation of oral SERDs to overcome drug resistance. In this review, we describe recent advances in ERα structure, functions, and mechanisms of endocrine resistance and summarize the development of oral SERDs in both academic and industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Wukun Liu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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6
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Shagufta, Ahmad I, Mathew S, Rahman S. Recent progress in selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) for the treatment of breast cancer. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:438-454. [PMID: 33479648 PMCID: PMC7580774 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) are a novel class of compounds capable of reducing the ERα protein level and blocking ER activity. Therefore, SERDs are considered as a significant therapeutic approach to treat ER+ breast cancer in both early stage and more advanced drug-resistant cases. After the FDA approval of a steroidal drug, fulvestrant, as a SERD for the treatment of breast cancer in patients who have progressed on antihormonal agents, several molecules with diverse chemical structures have been rapidly developed, studied and evaluated for selective estrogen receptor downregulation activity. Here we compile the promising SERDs reported in recent years and discuss the chemical structure and pharmacological profile of the most potent compound of the considered series. Because of the availability of only a limited number of effective drugs for the treatment of breast cancer, the quest for a potent SERD with respectable activity and bioavailability is still ongoing. The goal of this article is to make available to the reader an overview of the current progress in SERDs and provide clues for the future discovery and development of novel pharmacological potent SERDs for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates . ;
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates . ;
| | - Shimy Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Sofia Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates
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7
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Hu Z, Li Y, Xie B, Ning W, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Zhao C, Huang J, Dong C, Zhou HB. Novel class of 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene sulfonamides with long alkyl chains displaying improved estrogen receptor α degradation activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Guo WY, Zeng SMZ, Deora GS, Li QS, Ruan BF. Estrogen Receptor α (ERα)-targeting Compounds and Derivatives: Recent Advances in Structural Modification and Bioactivity. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1318-1337. [PMID: 31215379 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190619142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer suffered by female, and the second highest cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. At present, hormone therapy is still the main treatment route and can be divided into three main categories: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs), and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, breast cancer is difficult to cure even after several rounds of anti-estrogen therapy and most drugs have serious side-effects. Here, we review the literature published over the past five years regarding the isolation and synthesis of analogs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shang-Ming-Zhu Zeng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Girdhar Singh Deora
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
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9
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Sesterterpene MHO7 suppresses breast cancer cells as a novel estrogen receptor degrader. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104294. [PMID: 31175940 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer in women, remains the second in the list of cancer mortality, the majority of these fatalities resulted from estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive disease. ERα is well known for its function on breast cancer initiation and development and has become the most successful biomarker in breast cancers. Ophiobolins are sesterterpene compounds with a distinct tricyclic 5-8-5 ring and have presented anti-cancer activities. MHO7(6-epi-ophiobolin G)was isolated from products of a mangrove fungus in our previous research and demonstrated robust activity against breast cancer cells (BCCs). The investigation on the precise mechanism of MHO7 shows that MHO7 acts as a novel ERα down regulator different from the known molecules in ER + breast cancer cells. A whole-genome transcriptomic analysis on MCF-7 cells treated with MHO7 revealed the estrogen signaling pathway was the most affected pathway, and further evidence showed the de novo synthesis of ESR1 mRNA was inhibited. In addition, MHO7 down-regulated ERα at the protein level through multiple approaches. It not only bound to ERα, pushing helix 11 away in the agonist conformation but also increased the ERα degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These effects consequently caused decreasing of the transcriptional activity of ER modulation which was confirmed by the decreasing of estrogen receptor element (ERE) activity as well as downstream genes expressions like GREB1, BRCA1, MUC1 and CCND1. Combination of tamoxifen and MHO7 yield a synergistic effect on the inhibition of MCF-7 cells when treated around the IC50 values. Our results suggest that MHO7 is a very promising drug candidate and provides a novel drug version on ERα down-regulation to fighting with breast cancer.
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10
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Li Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Hu Z, Xiao Y, Huang J, Dong C, Huang S, Zhou HB. Exploring the PROTAC degron candidates: OBHSA with different side chains as novel selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 172:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Saha T, Makar S, Swetha R, Gutti G, Singh SK. Estrogen signaling: An emanating therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:116-143. [PMID: 31129450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a most common malignancy in women, was known to be associated with steroid hormone estrogen. The discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) gave us not only a powerful predictive and prognostic marker, but also an efficient target for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer with various estrogen ligands. ER consists of two subtypes i.e. ERα and ERβ, that are mostly G-protein-coupled receptors and activated by estrogen, specially 17β-estradiol. The activation is followed by translocation into the nucleus and binding with DNA to modulate activities of different genes. ERs can manage synthesis of RNA through genomic actions without directly binding to DNA. Receptors are tethered by protein-protein interactions to a transcription factor complex to communicate with DNA. Estrogens also exhibit nongenomic actions, a characteristic feature of steroid hormones, which are so rapid to be considered by the activation of RNA and translation. These are habitually related to stimulation of different protein kinase cascades. Majority of post-menopausal breast cancer is estrogen dependent, mostly potent biological estrogen (E2) for continuous growth and proliferation. Estrogen helps in regulating the differentiation and proliferation of normal breast epithelial cells. In this review we have investigated the important role of ER in development and progression of breast cancer, which is complicated by receptor's interaction with co-regulatory proteins, cross-talk with other signal transduction pathways and development of treatment strategies viz. selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor down regulators (SERDs), aromatase and sulphatase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P, India.
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12
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Nassar IF, El-Sayed WA, Ragab TIM, Shalaby ASG, Mehany ABM. Design, Synthesis of New Pyridine and Pyrimidine Sugar Compounds as Antagonists Targeting the ERα via Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:395-409. [PMID: 30124151 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180820125210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New aryl substituted cyclohepta[b]pyridine and cyclohepta[d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized. The sugar hydrazones of the synthesized pyridine and pyrimidine compounds were also prepared. METHOD In addition, the 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl acyclic C-nucleoside analogs of the pyridine system were prepared. The hemolytic, prebiotic, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of some of the synthesized compounds were also studied. Compounds 10 and 12 showed high activity against MCF-7, HEPG-2 and HCT-116 cell lines with IC50 at range 3.56-8.55 µg/mL. In addition, the synthesized condensed thiopyrimidine derivative 10 exhibited more potent bactericidal activity while compound 7 demonstrated potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Furthermore, the synthetic compounds of the pyrimidine base promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria. RESULTS The predicted binding patterns of three of the prepared derivatives as possible antagonists against ERα were investigated which showed good binding patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael A El-Sayed
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer I M Ragab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al Shimaa Gamal Shalaby
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Itoh Y. Chemical Protein Degradation Approach and its Application to Epigenetic Targets. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1681-1700. [PMID: 29893461 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to traditional drugs, such as enzyme inhibitors, receptor agonists/antagonists, and protein-protein interaction inhibitors as well as genetic technology, such as RNA interference and the CRISPR/Cas9 system, protein knockdown approaches using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have attracted much attention. PROTACs, which induce selective degradation of their target protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, are useful for the down-regulation of various proteins, including disease-related proteins and epigenetic proteins. Recent reports have shown that chemical protein knockdown is possible not only in cells, but also in vivo and this approach is expected to be used as the therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Thus, this approach may be a significant technique to complement traditional drugs and genetic ablation and will be more widely used for drug discovery and chemical biology studies in the future. In this personal account, a history of chemical protein knockdown is introduced, and its features, recent progress in the epigenetics field, and future outlooks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
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14
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Xiong R, Zhao J, Gutgesell LM, Wang Y, Lee S, Karumudi B, Zhao H, Lu Y, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs) Developed against Treatment-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1325-1342. [PMID: 28117994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen and to aromatase inhibitors that lower circulating estradiol occurs in up to 50% of patients, generally leading to an endocrine-independent ER+ phenotype. Selective ER downregulators (SERDs) are able to ablate ER and thus, theoretically, to prevent survival of both endocrine-dependent and -independent ER+ tumors. The clinical SERD fulvestrant is hampered by intramuscular administration and undesirable pharmacokinetics. Novel SERDs were designed using the 6-OH-benzothiophene (BT) scaffold common to arzoxifene and raloxifene. Treatment-resistant (TR) ER+ cell lines (MCF-7:5C and MCF-7:TAM1) were used for optimization, followed by validation in the parent endocrine-dependent cell line (MCF-7:WS8), in 2D and 3D cultures, using ERα in-cell westerns, ERE-luciferase, and cell viability assays, with 2 (GDC-0810/ARN-810) used for comparison. Two BT SERDs with superior in vitro activity to 2 were studied for bioavailability and shown to cause regression of a TR, endocrine-independent ER+ xenograft superior to that with 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lauren M Gutgesell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yueting Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Sue Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Bhargava Karumudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Debra A Tonetti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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