Dideoxy nucleoside triphosphate (ddNTP) analogues: Synthesis and polymerase substrate activities of pyrrolidinyl nucleoside triphosphates (prNTPs)

Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of Aminopropanolyl-Thymine tri-Phosphate (ap-TTP)

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are building blocks for the biosynthesis of DNA. Various modified dNTPs' analogs have synthesized by structural changes of nucleoside's susgar and nucleobases and employed for synthesis of modified DNA. A very few modified dNTPs have prepared from non-sugar nucleoside analogs. This report describes the synthesis of acyclic nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) analog from amino acid L-Serine as aminopropanolyl-thymine triphosphate (ap-TTP) and demonstrate its biochemical evaluation as enzymatic incorporation of ap-TTP into DNA with DNA polymerases with primer extension methods. Alanyl peptide nucleicacids (Ala-PNA) are the analogs of DNA which contains alanyl backbone. Aminopropanolyl - analogs are derivatives of alanyl back bone. Ap-TTP analog is nucleoside triphosphate analog derived from Ala-PNA. Importantly, this report also sheds light on the crystal packing arrangement of alaninyl thymine ester derivative in solid-state and reveals the formation of self-duplex assembly in anti-parallel fashion via reverse Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. Hence, ap-TTP is a useful analog which also generates the free amine functional group at the terminal of DNA oligonucleotide after incorporation.

Therminator DNA Polymerase: Modified Nucleotides and Unnatural Substrates

A variant of 9°N DNA polymerase [Genbank ID (AAA88769.1)] with three mutations (D141A, E143A, A485L) and commercialized under the name "Therminator DNA polymerase" has the ability to incorporate a variety of modified nucleotide classes. This Review focuses on how Therminator DNA Polymerase has enabled new technologies in synthetic biology and DNA sequencing. In addition, we discuss mechanisms for increased modified nucleotide incorporation.