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Porzberg MRB, Lenstra DC, Damen E, Blaauw RH, Rutjes FPJT, Wegert A, Mecinović J. (R)-PFI-2 Analogues as Substrates and Inhibitors of Histone Lysine Methyltransferase SETD7. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300457. [PMID: 37872124 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
(R)-PFI-2 is a histone substrate-competitive inhibitor of the human histone lysine monomethyltransferase SETD7. Aimed at developing potent inhibitors of SETD7 that can also act as small molecule substrates, we replaced the pyrrolidine ring of (R)-PFI-2 with several side chains bearing nucleophilic functional groups. We explored the inhibitory activity of 20 novel (R)-PFI-2 analogues, and found that the most potent analogue has a hydroxyethyl side chain (7). SETD7's ability to catalyse methylation of (R)-PFI-2-based small molecules was evaluated by mass spectrometric assays, and we observed efficient methylation of analogues bearing lysine mimicking nucleophilic amines. The optimal side chain was found to be an aminoethyl group (1), which was surprisingly also dimethylated by SETD7. The work demonstrates that small molecules can act as both substrates and inhibitors of biomedically important SETD7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R B Porzberg
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Danny C Lenstra
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Eddy Damen
- Symeres Netherlands B.V., Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Richard H Blaauw
- Symeres Netherlands B.V., Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Anita Wegert
- Symeres Netherlands B.V., Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Wang Z, Bosma R, Kuhne S, van den Bor J, Garabitian W, Vischer HF, Wijtmans M, Leurs R, de Esch IJ. Exploring the Effect of Cyclization of Histamine H 1 Receptor Antagonists on Ligand Binding Kinetics. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12755-12768. [PMID: 34056427 PMCID: PMC8154229 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in guiding hit optimization by considering the target binding kinetics of ligands. However, compared to conventional structure-activity relationships, structure-kinetics relationships have not been as thoroughly explored, even for well-studied archetypical drug targets such as the histamine H1 receptor (H1R), a member of the family A G-protein coupled receptor. In this study, we show that the binding kinetics of H1R antagonists at the H1R is dependent on the cyclicity of both the aromatic head group and the amine moiety of H1R ligands, the chemotypes that are characteristic for the first-generation H1R antagonists. Fusing the two aromatic rings of H1R ligands into one tricyclic aromatic head group prolongs the H1R residence time for benchmark H1R ligands as well as for tailored synthetic analogues. The effect of constraining the aromatic rings and the basic amines is systematically explored, leading to a coherent series and detailed discussions of structure-kinetics relationships. This study shows that cyclicity has a pronounced effect on the binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jelle van den Bor
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wrej Garabitian
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F. Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan J.P. de Esch
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Reaction of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. to Water Treated with Low-Temperature, Low-Pressure Glow Plasma of Low Frequency. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lavandula angustifolia was watered with either deionized tap water treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency in the air (LPGPA), under oxygen-free nitrogen (LPGPN), methane (LPGPM), carbon dioxide (LPGPC) or molecular oxygen (LPGPO). The crop yields were slightly dependent on the type of water used for watering. Notably, only plants watered with LPGPN showed a slightly higher crop yield. The plants also contained a higher level of protein and bioaccumulated magnesium. The type of water had a considerable and specific effect on the yield of isolated essential oils and their composition. The yield of essential oil decreased in the following order LPGPA = LPGPN (0.4 g/100 g dry mass) > LPGPC = LPGPO (0.3 g/100 g dry mass) > LPGPM = non-treated water (0.2 g/100 g dry mass). The composition of the isolated essential oils varied depending on the type of water used for watering, which influences their role as a fragrant component of cosmetics, and in herbal therapy and aromatherapy.
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4
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Computational discovery and biological evaluation of novel inhibitors targeting histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SET7. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Li Y, Li Y, Li Y, Chen C, Ying F, Dong Y, Liang D. Metal-free cross-dehydrogenative C–N coupling of azoles with xanthenes and related activated arylmethylenes. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1615097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengyuan Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Deqiang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Technology Research Center for Plastic Films, Kunming, China
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6
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Hirano T, Mori S, Kagechika H. Recent Advances in Chemical Tools for the Regulation and Study of Protein Lysine Methyltransferases. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1745-1759. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hirano
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Shuichi Mori
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and BioengineeringTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
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7
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Hirano T, Fujiwara T, Niwa H, Hirano M, Ohira K, Okazaki Y, Sato S, Umehara T, Maemoto Y, Ito A, Yoshida M, Kagechika H. Development of Novel Inhibitors for Histone Methyltransferase SET7/9 based on Cyproheptadine. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1530-1540. [PMID: 29882380 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase SET7/9 methylates not only histone but also non-histone proteins as substrates, and therefore, SET7/9 inhibitors are considered candidates for the treatment of diseases. Previously, our group identified cyproheptadine, used clinically as a serotonin receptor antagonist and histamine receptor (H1) antagonist, as a novel scaffold of the SET7/9 inhibitor. In this work, we focused on dibenzosuberene as a substructure of cyproheptadine and synthesized derivatives with various functional groups. Among them, the compound bearing a 2-hydroxy group showed the most potent activity. On the other hand, a 3-hydroxy group or another hydrophilic functional group such as acetamide decreased the activity. Structural analysis clarified a rationale for the improved potency only by tightly restricted location and type of the hydrophilic group. In addition, a SET7/9 loop, which was only partially visible in the complex with cyproheptadine, became more clearly visible in the complex with 2-hydroxycyproheptadine. These results are expected to be helpful for further structure-based development of SET7/9 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hirano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujiwara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hideaki Niwa
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Michitake Hirano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kasumi Ohira
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okazaki
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Epigenetics Drug Discovery Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Maemoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Drug Discovery Platforms Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
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8
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Hamidi T, Singh AK, Veland N, Vemulapalli V, Chen J, Hardikar S, Bao J, Fry CJ, Yang V, Lee KA, Guo A, Arrowsmith CH, Bedford MT, Chen T. Identification of Rpl29 as a major substrate of the lysine methyltransferase Set7/9. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12770-12780. [PMID: 29959229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Set7/9 (also known as Set7, Set9, Setd7, and Kmt7) is a lysine methyltransferase that catalyzes the methylation of multiple substrates, including histone H3 and non-histone proteins. Although not essential for normal development and physiology, Set7/9-mediated methylation events play important roles in regulating cellular pathways involved in various human diseases, making Set7/9 a promising therapeutic target. Multiple Set7/9 inhibitors have been developed, which exhibit varying degrees of potency and selectivity in vitro However, validation of these compounds in vivo has been hampered by the lack of a reliable cellular biomarker for Set7/9 activity. Here, we report the identification of Rpl29, a ribosomal protein abundantly expressed in all cell types, as a major substrate of Set7/9. We show that Rpl29 lysine 5 (Rpl29K5) is methylated exclusively by Set7/9 and can be demethylated by Lsd1 (also known as Kdm1a). Rpl29 is not a core component of the ribosome translational machinery and plays a regulatory role in translation efficiency. Our results indicate that Rpl29 methylation has no effect on global protein synthesis but affects Rpl29 subcellular localization. Using an Rpl29 methylation-specific antibody, we demonstrate that Rpl29K5 methylation is present ubiquitously and validate that (R)-PFI-2, a Set7/9 inhibitor, efficiently reduces Rpl29K5 methylation in cell lines. Thus, Rpl29 methylation can serve as a specific cellular biomarker for measuring Set7/9 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewfik Hamidi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Anup Kumar Singh
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Nicolas Veland
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Vidyasiri Vemulapalli
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jianji Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Swanand Hardikar
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Jianqiang Bao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | | | - Vicky Yang
- Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts 01923
| | - Kimberly A Lee
- Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts 01923
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts 01923
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Taiping Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957; Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas 77030.
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9
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Lenstra DC, Damen E, Leenders RGG, Blaauw RH, Rutjes FPJT, Wegert A, Mecinović J. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on (R)-PFI-2 Analogues as Inhibitors of Histone Lysine Methyltransferase SETD7. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1405-1413. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny C. Lenstra
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Eddy Damen
- Mercachem BV; Kerkenbos 1013 6546 BB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anita Wegert
- Mercachem BV; Kerkenbos 1013 6546 BB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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10
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Mori S, Hirano T, Takaguchi A, Fujiwara T, Okazaki Y, Kagechika H. Selective Reagent for Detection ofN-ε-Monomethylation of a Peptide Lysine Residue through SNAr Reaction. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Mori
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku 101-0062 Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirano
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku 101-0062 Tokyo Japan
| | - Asuka Takaguchi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku 101-0062 Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Fujiwara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku 101-0062 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yusuke Okazaki
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku 101-0062 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku 101-0062 Tokyo Japan
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Barclay RA, Schwab A, DeMarino C, Akpamagbo Y, Lepene B, Kassaye S, Iordanskiy S, Kashanchi F. Exosomes from uninfected cells activate transcription of latent HIV-1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11682-11701. [PMID: 28536264 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.793521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection causes AIDS, infecting millions worldwide. The virus can persist in a state of chronic infection due to its ability to become latent. We have previously shown a link between HIV-1 infection and exosome production. Specifically, we have reported that exosomes transport viral proteins and RNA from infected cells to neighboring uninfected cells. These viral products could then elicit an innate immune response, leading to activation of the Toll-like receptor and NF-κB pathways. In this study, we asked whether exosomes from uninfected cells could activate latent HIV-1 in infected cells. We observed that irrespective of combination antiretroviral therapy, both short- and long-length viral transcripts were increased in wild-type HIV-1-infected cells exposed to purified exosomes from uninfected cells. A search for a possible mechanism for this finding revealed that the exosomes increase RNA polymerase II loading onto the HIV-1 promoter in the infected cells. These viral transcripts, which include trans-activation response (TAR) RNA and a novel RNA that we termed TAR-gag, can then be packaged into exosomes and potentially be exported to neighboring uninfected cells, leading to increased cellular activation. To better decipher the exosome release pathways involved, we used siRNA to suppress expression of ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) proteins and found that ESCRT II and IV significantly control exosome release. Collectively, these results imply that exosomes from uninfected cells activate latent HIV-1 in infected cells and that true transcriptional latency may not be possible in vivo, especially in the presence of combination antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Barclay
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Angela Schwab
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | - Yao Akpamagbo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110
| | | | - Seble Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Women's Inter-Agency HIV Study, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20007
| | - Sergey Iordanskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110.
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