1
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Temereanca A, Ruta S. Strategies to overcome HIV drug resistance-current and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1133407. [PMID: 36876064 PMCID: PMC9978142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1133407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has revolutionized the course of HIV infection, suppressing HIV viremia, restoring the immune system, and improving the quality of life of HIV infected patients. However, the emergence of drug resistant and multidrug resistant strains remains an important contributor to cART failure, associated with a higher risk of HIV-disease progression and mortality. According to the latest WHO HIV Drug Resistance Report, the prevalence of acquired and transmitted HIV drug resistance in ART naive individuals has exponentially increased in the recent years, being an important obstacle in ending HIV-1 epidemic as a public health threat by 2030. The prevalence of three and four-class resistance is estimated to range from 5 to 10% in Europe and less than 3% in North America. The new drug development strategies are focused on improved safety and resistance profile within the existing antiretroviral classes, discovery of drugs with novel mechanisms of action (e.g., attachment/post-attachment inhibitors, capsid inhibitors, maturation inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitors), combination therapies with improved adherence, and treatment simplification with infrequent dosing. This review highlight the current progress in the management of salvage therapy for patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection, discussing the recently approved and under development antiretroviral agents, as well as the new drug targets that are providing a new avenue for the development of therapeutic interventions in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Temereanca
- Virology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Viral Emerging Diseases Department, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Ruta
- Virology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Viral Emerging Diseases Department, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Curreli F, Kwon YD, Nicolau I, Burgos G, Altieri A, Kurkin AV, Verardi R, Kwong PD, Debnath AK. Antiviral Activity and Crystal Structures of HIV-1 gp120 Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415999. [PMID: 36555641 PMCID: PMC9784924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our effort to discover drugs that target HIV-1 entry, we report the antiviral activity and crystal structures of two novel inhibitors in a complex with a gp120 core. NBD-14204 showed similar antiviral activity against all the clinical isolates tested. The IC50 values were in the range of 0.24-0.9 µM with an overall mean of 0.47 ± 0.03 µM, showing slightly better activity against the clinical isolates than against the lab-adapted HIV-1HXB2 (IC50 = 0.96 ± 0.1 µM). Moreover, the antiviral activity of NBD-14208 was less consistent, showing a wider range of IC50 values (0.66-5.7 µM) with an overall mean of 3 ± 0.25 µM and better activity against subtypes B and D (Mean IC50 2.2-2.5 µM) than the A, C and Rec viruses (Mean IC50 2.9-3.9 µM). SI of NBD-14204 was about 10-fold higher than NBD-14208, making it a better lead compound for further optimization. In addition, we tested these compounds against S375Y and S375H mutants of gp120, which occurred in some clades and observed these to be sensitive to NBD-14204 and NBD-14208. These inhibitors also showed modest activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structures of both inhibitors in complexes with gp120 cores. As expected, both NBD-14204 and NBD-14208 bind primarily within the Phe43 cavity. It is noteworthy that the electron density of the thiazole ring in both structures was poorly defined due to the flexibility of this scaffold, suggesting that these compounds maintain substantial entropy, even when bound to the Phe43 cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Young D. Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabella Nicolau
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giancarla Burgos
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Altieri
- EDASA Scientific srls, Via Stingi 37, 66050 San Salvo, Italy
| | | | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Asim K. Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence:
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3
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Vivekanandan S, Vetrivel U, Hanna LE. Design of human immunodeficiency virus-1 neutralizing peptides targeting CD4-binding site: An integrative computational biologics approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1036874. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1036874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics have recently gained momentum in antiviral therapy due to their increased potency and cost-effectiveness. Interaction of the HIV-1 envelope gp120 with the host CD4 receptor is a critical step for viral entry, and therefore the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) of gp120 is a potential hotspot for blocking HIV-1 infection. The present study aimed to design short peptides from well-characterized CD4bs targeting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which could be utilized as bNAb mimetics for viral neutralization. Co-crystallized structures of HIV-1 gp120 in complex with CD4bs-directed bNAbs were used to derive hexameric peptides using the Rosetta Peptiderive protocol. Based on empirical insights into co-crystallized structures, peptides derived from the heavy chain alone were considered. The peptides were docked with both HIV-1 subtype B and C gp120, and the stability of the peptide–antigen complexes was validated using extensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Two peptides identified in the study demonstrated stable intermolecular interactions with SER365, GLY366, and GLY367 of the PHE43 cavity in the CD4 binding pocket, and with ASP368 of HIV-1 gp120, thereby mimicking the natural interaction between ASP368gp120 and ARG59CD4–RECEPTOR. Furthermore, the peptides featured favorable physico-chemical properties for virus neutralization suggesting that these peptides may be highly promising bNAb mimetic candidates that may be taken up for experimental validation.
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4
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Deng C, Yan H, Wang J, Liu BS, Liu K, Shi YM. The anti-HIV potential of imidazole, oxazole and thiazole hybrids: A mini-review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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5
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Recent research results have converted gp120 binders to a therapeutic option for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. A medicinal chemistry point of view. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114078. [PMID: 34992041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic armamentarium for treatment of HIV-1 infection is based on the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy that, unfortunately, does not act as a curative remedy. Moreover, duration of the therapy often results in lack of compliance with the consequent emergence of multidrug resistance. Finally, drug toxicity issues also arise during treatments. In the attempt to achieve a curative effect, in addition to invest substantial resources in finding new anti-HIV-1 agents and in optimizing antiviral lead compounds and drugs currently available, additional efforts should be done to deplete viral reservoir located within host CD4+ T cells. Gp120 binders represent a class of compounds able to affect the interactions between viral envelope proteins and host CD4, thus avoiding virus-to-cell attachment and fusion, and the consequent viral entry into host cells. This review summarizes the efforts done in the last five years to design new gp120 binders, that finally culminated in the approval of fostemsavir as an anti-HIV-1 drug.
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6
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Losada N, Ruiz FX, Curreli F, Gruber K, Pilch A, Das K, Debnath AK, Arnold E. HIV-1 gp120 Antagonists Also Inhibit HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Bridging the NNRTI and NRTI Sites. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16530-16540. [PMID: 34735153 PMCID: PMC10655131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is typically treated using ≥2 drugs, including at least one HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor. Drugs targeting RT comprise nucleos(t)ide RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). NRTI-triphosphates bind at the polymerase active site and, following incorporation, inhibit DNA elongation. NNRTIs bind at an allosteric pocket ∼10 Å away from the polymerase active site. This study focuses on compounds ("NBD derivatives") originally developed to bind to HIV-1 gp120, some of which inhibit RT. We have determined crystal structures of three NBD compounds in complex with HIV-1 RT, correlating with RT enzyme inhibition and antiviral activity, to develop structure-activity relationships. Intriguingly, these compounds bridge the dNTP and NNRTI-binding sites and inhibit the polymerase activity of RT in the enzymatic assays (IC50 < 5 μM). Two of the lead compounds, NBD-14189 and NBD-14270, show potent antiviral activity (EC50 < 200 nM), and NBD-14270 shows low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Losada
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Francesc X. Ruiz
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Kevin Gruber
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Alyssa Pilch
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Kalyan Das
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Asim K. Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Eddy Arnold
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
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7
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Pyrroles as Privileged Scaffolds in the Search for New Potential HIV Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090893. [PMID: 34577593 PMCID: PMC8468532 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and remains a global health problem four decades after the report of its first case. Despite success in viral load suppression and the increase in patient survival due to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the development of new drugs has become imperative due to strains that have become resistant to antiretrovirals. In this context, there has been a continuous search for new anti-HIV agents based on several chemical scaffolds, including nitrogenated heterocyclic pyrrole rings, which have been included in several compounds with antiretroviral activity. Thus, this review aims to describe pyrrole-based compounds with anti-HIV activity as a new potential treatment against AIDS, covering the period between 2015 and 2020. Our research allowed us to conclude that pyrrole derivatives are still worth exploring, as they may provide highly active compounds targeting different steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle and act with an innovative mechanism.
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8
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Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of rotamers in the series of 2-(fluoroaryl)-4-substituted pyrroles. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Iusupov IR, Curreli F, Spiridonov EA, Markov PO, Ahmed S, Belov DS, Manasova EV, Altieri A, Kurkin AV, Debnath AK. Design of gp120 HIV-1 entry inhibitors by scaffold hopping via isosteric replacements. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113681. [PMID: 34246921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We present the development of alternative scaffolds and validation of their synthetic pathways as a tool for the exploration of new HIV gp120 inhibitors based on the recently discovered inhibitor of this class, NBD-14136. The new synthetic routes were based on isosteric replacements of the amine and acid precursors required for the synthesis of NBD-14136, guided by molecular modeling and chemical feasibility analysis. To ensure that these synthetic tools and new scaffolds had the potential for further exploration, we eventually tested few representative compounds from each newly designed scaffold against the gp120 inhibition assay and cell viability assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildar R Iusupov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Campus, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, 10065, New York, United States
| | - Evgeniy A Spiridonov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Campus, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Pavel O Markov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Campus, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Shahad Ahmed
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, 10065, New York, United States
| | - Dmitry S Belov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Campus, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Manasova
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Campus, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Andrea Altieri
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Campus, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Kurkin
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Campus, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Asim K Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, 10065, New York, United States.
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10
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Curreli F, Ahmed S, Benedict Victor SM, Iusupov IR, Spiridonov EA, Belov DS, Altieri A, Kurkin AV, Debnath AK. Design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of a series of CD4-mimetic small-molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:116000. [PMID: 33461144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We presented our continuing stride to optimize the second-generation NBD entry antagonist targeted to the Phe43 cavity of HIV-1 gp120. We have synthesized thirty-eight new and novel analogs of NBD-14136, earlier designed based on a CH2OH "positional switch" hypothesis, and derived a comprehensive SAR. The antiviral data confirmed that the linear alcohol towards the "N" (C4) of the thiazole ring yielded more active inhibitors than those towards the "S" (C5) of the thiazole ring. The best inhibitor, NBD-14273 (compound 13), showed both improved antiviral activity and selectivity index (SI) against HIV-1HXB2 compared to NBD-14136. We also tested NBD-14273 against a large panel of 50 HIV-1 Env-pseudotyped viruses representing clinical isolates of diverse subtypes. The overall mean data indicate that antiviral potency against these isolates improved by ~3-fold, and SI also improved ~3-fold compared to NBD-14136. This new and novel inhibitor is expected to pave the way for further optimization to a more potent and clinically relevant inhibitor against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shahad Ahmed
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sofia M Benedict Victor
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ildar R Iusupov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Spiridonov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Belov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea Altieri
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kurkin
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Asim K Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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11
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Pu J, Dai Y, Wang Q, Lu L, Zhang J, Xu W, Xie L, Wang S, Yu F, He X, Jiang S. Rational Design of A Novel Small-Molecule HIV-1 Inactivator Targeting Both gp120 and gp41 of HIV-1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:613361. [PMID: 33569006 PMCID: PMC7868322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.613361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus inactivator can inactivate cell-free virions without relying on their replication cycle, potentially reducing the impact of viral infection on cells. Previously, we successfully constructed a HIV-1 protein inactivator, 2DLT, by conjugating the D1D2 region of CD4 to the fusion inhibitor T1144 via a 35-amino acid linker. Therefore, it targets both the CD4 binding site in gp120 and NHR region in gp41. Considering that small-molecule agents have the advantages of fast production, low cost, good stability, and oral availability, we herein report the design of a new small-molecule HIV-1 inactivator, FD028, by conjugating FD016 (an analog of NBD-556, a gp120-CD4 binding inhibitor) with FD017 (an analog of 11d, an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor). The results showed that FD028 inactivated cell-free virions at a moderate nanomolar concentration by targeting both HIV-1 gp120 and gp41. Moreover, FD028 has broad-spectrum inhibition and inactivation activity against HIV-1 resistant strains and primary isolates of different subtypes without significant cytotoxicity. Therefore, FD028 has potential for further development as an HIV-1 inactivator-based therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yu Dai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Xie
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyang He
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
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12
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Kanwal S, Ann NU, Fatima S, Emwas AH, Alazmi M, Gao X, Ibrar M, Zaib Saleem RS, Chotana GA. Facile Synthesis of NH-Free 5-(Hetero)Aryl-Pyrrole-2-Carboxylates by Catalytic C-H Borylation and Suzuki Coupling. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092106. [PMID: 32365945 PMCID: PMC7248765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient two-step preparation of NH-free 5-aryl-pyrrole-2-carboxylates is described. The synthetic route consists of catalytic borylation of commercially available pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester followed by Suzuki coupling without going through pyrrole N–H protection and deprotection steps. The resulting 5-aryl substituted pyrrole-2-carboxylates were synthesized in good- to excellent yields. This synthetic route can tolerate a variety of functional groups including those with acidic protons on the aryl bromide coupling partner. This methodology is also applicable for cross-coupling with heteroaryl bromides to yield pyrrole-thiophene, pyrrole-pyridine, and 2,3’-bi-pyrrole based bi-heteroaryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.-u.-A.); (S.F.); (M.I.); (R.S.Z.S.)
| | - Noor-ul- Ann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.-u.-A.); (S.F.); (M.I.); (R.S.Z.S.)
| | - Saman Fatima
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.-u.-A.); (S.F.); (M.I.); (R.S.Z.S.)
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Meshari Alazmi
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (X.G.)
- College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (X.G.)
| | - Maha Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.-u.-A.); (S.F.); (M.I.); (R.S.Z.S.)
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.-u.-A.); (S.F.); (M.I.); (R.S.Z.S.)
| | - Ghayoor Abbas Chotana
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan; (S.K.); (N.-u.-A.); (S.F.); (M.I.); (R.S.Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-42-3560-8281
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13
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Curreli F, Ahmed S, Benedict Victor SM, Iusupov IR, Belov DS, Markov PO, Kurkin AV, Altieri A, Debnath AK. Preclinical Optimization of gp120 Entry Antagonists as anti-HIV-1 Agents with Improved Cytotoxicity and ADME Properties through Rational Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Evaluation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1724-1749. [PMID: 32031803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a milestone in the optimization of NBD-11021, an HIV-1 gp120 antagonist, by developing a new and novel analogue, NBD-14189 (Ref1), which showed antiviral activity against HIV-1HXB2, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 89 nM. However, cytotoxicity remained high, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) data showed relatively poor aqueous solubility. To optimize these properties, we replaced the phenyl ring in the compound with a pyridine ring and synthesized a set of 48 novel compounds. One of the new analogues, NBD-14270 (8), showed a marked improvement in cytotoxicity, with 3-fold and 58-fold improvements in selectivity index value compared with that of Ref1 and NBD-11021, respectively. Furthermore, the in vitro ADME data clearly showed improvements in aqueous solubility and other properties compared with those for Ref1. The data for 8 indicated that the pyridine scaffold is a good bioisostere for phenyl, allowing the further optimization of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , 310 E 67th Street , New York 10065 , New York , United States
| | - Shahad Ahmed
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , 310 E 67th Street , New York 10065 , New York , United States
| | - Sofia M Benedict Victor
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , 310 E 67th Street , New York 10065 , New York , United States
| | - Ildar R Iusupov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park , Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b , Moscow 119992 , Russia
| | - Dmitry S Belov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park , Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b , Moscow 119992 , Russia
| | - Pavel O Markov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park , Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b , Moscow 119992 , Russia
| | - Alexander V Kurkin
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park , Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b , Moscow 119992 , Russia
| | - Andrea Altieri
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park , Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory Bld. 75, 77-101b , Moscow 119992 , Russia
| | - Asim K Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute , New York Blood Center , 310 E 67th Street , New York 10065 , New York , United States
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14
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Motati DR, Uredi D, Watkins EB. The Discovery and Development of Oxalamide and Pyrrole Small Molecule Inhibitors of gp120 and HIV Entry - A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1650-1675. [PMID: 31424369 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190717163959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. More than 60 million infections and 25 million deaths have occurred since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s. Advances in available therapeutics, in particular combination antiretroviral therapy, have significantly improved the treatment of HIV infection and have facilitated the shift from high mortality and morbidity to that of a manageable chronic disease. Unfortunately, none of the currently available drugs are curative of HIV. To deal with the rapid emergence of drug resistance, off-target effects, and the overall difficulty of eradicating the virus, an urgent need exists to develop new drugs, especially against targets critically important for the HIV-1 life cycle. Viral entry, which involves the interaction of the surface envelope glycoprotein, gp120, with the cellular receptor, CD4, is the first step of HIV-1 infection. Gp120 has been validated as an attractive target for anti-HIV-1 drug design or novel HIV detection tools. Several small molecule gp120 antagonists are currently under investigation as potential entry inhibitors. Pyrrole, piperazine, triazole, pyrazolinone, oxalamide, and piperidine derivatives, among others, have been investigated as gp120 antagonist candidates. Herein, we discuss the current state of research with respect to the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oxalamide derivatives and five-membered heterocycles, namely, the pyrrole-containing small molecule as inhibitors of gp120 and HIV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
| | - Dilipkumar Uredi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
| | - E Blake Watkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacometrics and Molecular Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Union University, Jackson, Tennessee 38305, United States
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15
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Suttisintong K, Kaewchangwat N, Thanayupong E, Nerungsi C, Srikun O, Pungpo P. Recent Progress in the Development of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors: From Small Molecules to Potent Anti-HIV Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1599-1620. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190712204050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Viral entry, the first process in the reproduction of viruses, primarily involves attachment of the viral envelope proteins to membranes of the host cell. The crucial components that play an important role in viral entry include viral surface glycoprotein gp120, viral transmembrane glycoprotein gp41, host cell glycoprotein (CD4), and host cell chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4). Inhibition of the multiple molecular interactions of these components can restrain viruses, such as HIV-1, from fusion with the host cell, blocking them from reproducing. This review article specifically focuses on the recent progress in the development of small-molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors and incorporates important aspects of their structural modification that lead to the discovery of new molecular scaffolds with more potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khomson Suttisintong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology, Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Narongpol Kaewchangwat
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology, Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Eknarin Thanayupong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology, Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chakkrapan Nerungsi
- The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, 75/1 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Onsiri Srikun
- The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, 75/1 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pungpo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, 85 Sathonlamark Road, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
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16
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New targets for HIV drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1139-1147. [PMID: 30885676 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent estimates suggest close to one million people per year die globally owing to HIV-related illnesses. Therefore, there is still a need to identify new targets to develop future treatments. Many of the more recently identified targets are host-related and these might be more difficult for the virus to develop drug resistance to. In addition, there are virus-related targets (capsid and RNAse H) that have yet to be exploited clinically. Several of the newer targets also address virulence factors, virus latency or target persistence. The targets highlighted in this review could represent the next generation of viable candidates for drug discovery projects as well as continue the search for a cure for this disease.
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17
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Kobayakawa T, Konno K, Ohashi N, Takahashi K, Masuda A, Yoshimura K, Harada S, Tamamura H. Soluble-type small-molecule CD4 mimics as HIV entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:719-723. [PMID: 30665681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Several small molecule CD4 mimics have been reported previously as HIV-1 entry inhibitors, which block the interaction between the Phe43 cavity of HIV-1 gp120 and the host CD4. Known CD4 mimics such as NBD-556 possess significant anti-HIV activity but are less soluble in water, perhaps due to their hydrophobic aromatic ring-containing structures. Compounds with a pyridinyl group in place of the phenyl group in these molecules have been designed and synthesized in an attempt to increase the hydrophilicity. Some of these new CD4 mimics, containing a tetramethylpiperidine ring show significantly higher water solubility than NBD-556 and have high anti-HIV activity and synergistic anti-HIV activity with a neutralizing antibody. The CD4 mimic that has a cyclohexylpiperidine ring and a 6-fluoropyridin-3-yl ring has high anti-HIV activity and no significant cytotoxicity. The present results will be useful in the future design and development of novel soluble-type molecule CD4 mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kiju Konno
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nami Ohashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Ami Masuda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yoshimura
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Harada
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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18
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Curreli F, Belov DS, Ahmed S, Ramesh RR, Kurkin AV, Altieri A, Debnath AK. Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Structure-Activity Relationship of 1,3-Benzodioxolyl Pyrrole-Based Entry Inhibitors Targeting the Phe43 Cavity in HIV-1 gp120. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2332-2348. [PMID: 30257071 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The pathway by which HIV-1 enters host cells is a prime target for novel drug discovery because of its critical role in the life cycle of HIV-1. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 plays an important role in initiating virus entry by targeting the primary cell receptor CD4. We explored the substitution of bulky molecular groups in region I in the NBD class of entry inhibitors. Previous attempts at bulky substituents in that region abolished antiviral activity, even though the binding site is hydrophobic. We synthesized a series of entry inhibitors containing the 1,3-benzodioxolyl moiety or its bioisostere, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The introduction of the bulkier groups was well tolerated, and despite only minor improvements in antiviral activity, the selectivity index of these compounds improved significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dmitry S Belov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Boulevard 75, 77-101b, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shahad Ahmed
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ranjith R Ramesh
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alexander V Kurkin
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Boulevard 75, 77-101b, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea Altieri
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory Boulevard 75, 77-101b, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Asim K Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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19
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Kobayakawa T, Ohashi N, Hirota Y, Takahashi K, Yamada Y, Narumi T, Yoshimura K, Matsushita S, Harada S, Tamamura H. Flexibility of small molecular CD4 mimics as HIV entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5664-5671. [PMID: 30366786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CD4 mimics such as YIR-821 and its derivatives are small molecules which inhibit the interaction between the Phe43 cavity of HIV-1 gp120 with host CD4, an interaction that is involved in the entry of HIV to cells. Known CD4 mimics generally possess three structural features, an aromatic ring, an oxalamide linker and a piperidine moiety. We have shown previously that introduction of a cyclohexyl group and a guanidine group into the piperidine moiety and a fluorine atom at the meta-position of the aromatic ring leads to a significant increase in the anti-HIV activity. In the current study, the effects of conformational flexibility were investigated by introduction of an indole-type group in the junction between the oxalamide linker and the aromatic moiety or by replacement of the oxalamide linker with a glycine linker. This led to the development of compounds with high anti-HIV activity, showing the importance of the junction region for the expression of high anti-HIV activity. The present data are expected to be useful in the future design of novel CD4 mimic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nami Ohashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirota
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Narumi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yoshimura
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Harada
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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20
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Mostashari Rad T, Saghaie L, Fassihi A. HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors: A Review of Experimental and Computational Studies. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800159. [PMID: 30027572 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 life cycle consists of different events, such as cell entry and fusion, virus replication, assembly and release of the newly formed virions. The more logical way to inhibit HIV transmission among individuals is to inhibit its entry into the immune host cells rather than targeting the intracellular viral enzymes. Both viral and host cell surface receptors and co-receptors are regarded as potential targets in anti-HIV-1 drug design process. Because of the importance of this topic it was decided to summarize recent reports on small-molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors that have not been considered in the latest released reviews. All the computational studies reported in the literature regarding HIV-1 entry inhibitors since 2014 was also considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mostashari Rad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
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21
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Belov DS, Curreli F, Kurkin AV, Altieri A, Debnath AK. Guanidine‐Containing Phenyl‐Pyrrole Compounds as Probes for Generating HIV Entry Inhibitors Targeted to gp120. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Belov
- EDASA Scientific Scientific ParkMoscow State University Leninskie Gory, Bld.75, 77–101b 119992 Moscow Russia
| | - Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug DesignLindsley F. Kimball Research Institute E 67th St New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Alexander V. Kurkin
- EDASA Scientific Scientific ParkMoscow State University Leninskie Gory, Bld.75, 77–101b 119992 Moscow Russia
| | - Andrea Altieri
- EDASA Scientific Scientific ParkMoscow State University Leninskie Gory, Bld.75, 77–101b 119992 Moscow Russia
| | - Asim K. Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug DesignLindsley F. Kimball Research Institute E 67th St New York, NY 10065 USA
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22
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Structure-based lead optimization to improve antiviral potency and ADMET properties of phenyl-1H-pyrrole-carboxamide entry inhibitors targeted to HIV-1 gp120. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:367-391. [PMID: 29860061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We are continuing our concerted effort to optimize our first lead entry antagonist, NBD-11021, which targets the Phe43 cavity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, to improve antiviral potency and ADMET properties. In this report, we present a structure-based approach that helped us to generate working hypotheses to modify further a recently reported advanced lead entry antagonist, NBD-14107, which showed significant improvement in antiviral potency when tested in a single-cycle assay against a large panel of Env-pseudotyped viruses. We report here the synthesis of twenty-nine new compounds and evaluation of their antiviral activity in a single-cycle and multi-cycle assay to derive a comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR). We have selected three inhibitors with the high selectivity index for testing against a large panel of 55 Env-pseudotyped viruses representing a diverse set of clinical isolates of different subtypes. The antiviral activity of one of these potent inhibitors, 55 (NBD-14189), against some clinical isolates was as low as 63 nM. We determined the sensitivity of CD4-binding site mutated-pseudoviruses to these inhibitors to confirm that they target HIV-1 gp120. Furthermore, we assessed their ADMET properties and compared them to the clinical candidate attachment inhibitor, BMS-626529. The ADMET data indicate that some of these new inhibitors have comparable ADMET properties to BMS-626529 and can be optimized further to potential clinical candidates.
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23
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Curreli F, Kwon YD, Belov DS, Ramesh RR, Kurkin AV, Altieri A, Kwong PD, Debnath AK. Synthesis, Antiviral Potency, in Vitro ADMET, and X-ray Structure of Potent CD4 Mimics as Entry Inhibitors That Target the Phe43 Cavity of HIV-1 gp120. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3124-3153. [PMID: 28266845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In our attempt to optimize the lead HIV-1 entry antagonist, NBD-11021, we present in this study the rational design and synthesis of 60 new analogues and determination of their antiviral activity in a single-cycle and a multicycle infection assay to derive a comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR). Two of these compounds, NBD-14088 and NBD-14107, showed significant improvement in antiviral activity compared to the lead entry antagonist in a single-cycle assay against a large panel of Env-pseudotyped viruses. The X-ray structure of a similar compound, NBD-14010, confirmed the binding mode of the newly designed compounds. The in vitro ADMET profiles of these compounds are comparable to that of the most potent attachment inhibitor BMS-626529, a prodrug of which is currently undergoing phase III clinical trials. The systematic study presented here is expected to pave the way for improving the potency, toxicity, and ADMET profile of this series of compounds with the potential to be moved to the early preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center , 310 E 67th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Young Do Kwon
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dmitry S Belov
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, Bld. 75, 77-101b; 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ranjith R Ramesh
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center , 310 E 67th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Alexander V Kurkin
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, Bld. 75, 77-101b; 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea Altieri
- EDASA Scientific, Scientific Park, Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, Bld. 75, 77-101b; 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Asim K Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center , 310 E 67th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
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