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Das BC, Chokkalingam P, Shareef MA, Shukla S, Das S, Saito M, Weiss LM. Methionine aminopeptidases: Potential therapeutic target for microsporidia and other microbes. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024:e13036. [PMID: 39036929 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAPs) have emerged as a target for medicinal chemists in the quest for novel therapeutic agents for treating cancer, obesity, and other disorders. Methionine aminopeptidase is a metalloenzyme with two structurally distinct forms in humans, MetAP-1 and MetAP-2. The MetAP2 inhibitor fumagillin, which was used as an amebicide in the 1950s, has been used for the successful treatment of microsporidiosis in humans; however, it is no longer commercially available. Despite significant efforts and investments by many pharmaceutical companies, no new MetAP inhibitors have been approved for the clinic. Several lead compounds have been designed and synthesized by researchers as potential inhibitors of MetAP and evaluated for their potential activity in a wide range of diseases. MetAP inhibitors such as fumagillin, TNP-470, beloranib, and reversible inhibitors and their analogs guide new prospects for MetAP inhibitor development in the ongoing quest for new pharmacological indications. This perspective provides insights into recent advances related to MetAP, as a potential therapeutic target in drug discovery, bioactive small molecule MetAP2 inhibitors, and data on the role of MetAP-2 as a therapeutic target for microsporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Parthiban Chokkalingam
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mohammed Adil Shareef
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Srushti Shukla
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Sasmita Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Alabbas AB. Identification of promising methionine aminopeptidase enzyme inhibitors: A combine study of comprehensive virtual screening and dynamics simulation study. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101745. [PMID: 37638221 PMCID: PMC10448168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) enzymes play a critical role in bacterial cell survival by cleaving formyl-methionine initiators at N-terminal of nascent protein, a process which is vital in proper protein folding. This makes MetAP an attractive and novel antibacterial target to unveil promising antibiotics. In this study, the crystal structure of R. prowazekii MetAP was used in structure-based virtual screening of drug libraries such as Asinex antibacterial library and Comprehensive Marine Natural Products Database (CMNPD) to identify promising lead molecules against the enzyme. This shortlisted three drug molecules; BDE-25098678, BDE-30686468 and BDD_25351157 as most potent leads that showed strong binding to the MetAP enzyme. The static docked conformation of the compounds to the MetAP was reevaluated in molecular dynamics simulation studies. The analysis observed the docked complexes as stable structure with no major local or global deviations noticed. These findings suggest the formation of strong intermolecular docked complexes, which showed stable dynamics and atomic level interactions network. The binding free energy analysis predicted net MMGBSA energy of complexes as: BDE-25098678 (-73.41 kcal/mol), BDE-30686468 (-59.93 kcal/mol), and BDD_25351157 (-75.39 kcal/mol). In case of MMPBSA, the complexes net binding energy was as; BDE-25098678 (-77.47 kcal/mol), BDE-30686468 (-69.47 kcal/mol), and BDD_25351157 (-75.6 kcal/mol). Further, the compounds were predicted to follow the famous Lipinski rule of five and have non-toxic, non-carcinogenic and non-mutagenic profile. The screened compounds might be used in experimental test to highlight the real anti- R. prowazekii MetAP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhumaidi B. Alabbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Csuvik O, Szatmári I. Synthesis of Bioactive Aminomethylated 8-Hydroxyquinolines via the Modified Mannich Reaction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097915. [PMID: 37175622 PMCID: PMC10177806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) is a widely known and frequently used chelating agent, and the pharmacological effects of the core molecule and its derivatives have been studied since the 19th century. There are several synthetic methods to modify this core. The Mannich reaction is one of the most easily implementable examples, which requires mild reaction conditions and simple chemical reagents. The three components of the Mannich reaction are a primary or secondary amine, an aldehyde and a compound having a hydrogen with pronounced activity. In the modified Mannich reaction, naphthol or a nitrogen-containing naphthol analogue (e.g., 8-hydroxyquinoline) is utilised as the active hydrogen provider compound, thus affording the formation of aminoalkylated products. The amine component can be ammonia and primary or secondary amines. The aldehyde component is highly variable, including aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Based on the pharmacological relevance of aminomethylated 8-hydroxyquinolines, this review summarises their syntheses via the modified Mannich reaction starting from 8-hydroxyquinoline, formaldehyde and various amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oszkár Csuvik
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Stereochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Sharma I, Chen C, Daraji D, Horn JR, Hagen TJ. Novel Inhibitors of Rickettsia prowazekii Methionine Aminopeptidase from the Malaria Box. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129281. [PMID: 37031729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidases (MetAp) are dinuclear metalloenzymes found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the N-terminal methionine residue from nascent proteins, an important post-translational modification, which makes it an attractive target for drug discovery. Rickettsia prowazekii (Rp) is an obligate pathogen and causative agent of epidemic typhus and typhus fever. In our ongoing search for anti-rickettsial agents we screened 400 compounds from the Malaria Box for inhibition of RpMetAp1 and discovered 12 compounds that inhibited the enzyme with IC50 values ranging from 800 nM to 22 μM. These inhibitors are from eleven different chemical series and represent leads that can be used to discover more potent and efficacious anti-rickettsial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishpriya Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL 60115, USA
| | - Congling Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL 60115, USA
| | - Drashti Daraji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL 60115, USA
| | - James R Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL 60115, USA
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL 60115, USA.
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Rickettsia Vaccine Candidate pVAX1-OmpB24 Stimulates TCD4+INF-γ+ and TCD8+INF-γ+ Lymphocytes in Autologous Co-Culture of Human Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010173. [PMID: 36680017 PMCID: PMC9865178 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, promising vaccination strategies against rickettsiosis have been described in experimental animal models and human cells. OmpB is considered an immunodominant antigen that is recognized by T and B cells. The aim of this study was to identify TCD4+INF-γ+ and TCD8+INF-γ+ lymphocytes in an autologous system with macrophages transfected with the vaccine candidate pVAX1-OmpB24. Lymphocytes and monocytes from 14 patients with Rickettsia were isolated from whole blood. Monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and transfected with the plasmid pVAX1-OmpB24 pVax1. Isolated lymphocytes were cultured with transfected macrophages. IFN-γ-producing TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations were identified by flow cytometry, as was the percentage of macrophages expressing CD40+, CD80+, HLA-I and HLA-II. Also, we analyzed the exhausted condition of the T lymphocyte subpopulation by PD1 expression. Macrophages transfected with pVAX1-OmpB24 stimulated TCD4+INF-γ+ cells in healthy subjects and patients infected with R. typhi. Macrophages stimulated TCD8+INF-γ+ cells in healthy subjects and patients infected with R. rickettsii and R. felis. Cells from healthy donors stimulated with OmpB-24 showed a higher percentage of TCD4+PD1+. Cells from patients infected with R. rickettsii had a higher percentage of TCD8+PD-1+, and for those infected with R. typhi the larger number of cells corresponded to TCD4+PD1+. Human macrophages transfected with pVAX1-OmpB24 activated TCD4+IFN-γ+ and CD8+IFN-γ+ in patients infected with different Rickettsia species. However, PD1 expression played an important role in the inhibition of T lymphocytes with R. felis.
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Chan L, Kumar R, Verdonk M, Poelking C. A multilevel generative framework with hierarchical self-contrasting for bias control and transparency in structure-based ligand design. NAT MACH INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Boucherit H, Chikhi A, Bensegueni A, Merzoug A, Bolla JM. The Research of New Inhibitors of Bacterial Methionine Aminopeptidase by Structure Based Virtual Screening Approach of ZINC DATABASE and In Vitro Validation. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 16:389-401. [PMID: 31244429 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190617165643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The great emergence of multi-resistant bacterial strains and the low renewal of antibiotics molecules are leading human and veterinary medicine to certain therapeutic impasses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic alternatives including new molecules in the current treatments of infectious diseases. Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a promising target for developing new antibiotics because it is essential for bacterial survival. OBJECTIVE To screen for potential MetAP inhibitors by in silico virtual screening of the ZINC database and evaluate the best potential lead molecules by in vitro studies. METHODS We have considered 200,000 compounds from the ZINC database for virtual screening with FlexX software to identify potential inhibitors against bacterial MetAP. Nine chemical compounds of the top hits predicted were purchased and evaluated in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of each inhibitor of MetAP was tested by the disc-diffusion assay against one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Among the studied compounds, compounds ZINC04785369 and ZINC03307916 showed promising antibacterial activity. To further characterize their efficacy, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for each compound by the microdilution method which showed significant results. RESULTS These results suggest compounds ZINC04785369 and ZINC03307916 as promising molecules for developing MetAP inhibitors. CONCLUSION Furthermore, they could therefore serve as lead molecules for further chemical modifications to obtain clinically useful antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Boucherit
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Mentouri Brothers University, Constantine 1, Algeria
| | - Abdelouahab Chikhi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Mentouri Brothers University, Constantine 1, Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Bensegueni
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Mentouri Brothers University, Constantine 1, Algeria
| | - Amina Merzoug
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Mentouri Brothers University, Constantine 1, Algeria
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P1' Residue-Oriented Virtual Screening for Potent and Selective Phosphinic (Dehydro) Dipeptide Inhibitors of Metallo-Aminopeptidases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040659. [PMID: 32344658 PMCID: PMC7225938 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing side chain substituents complementary to enzyme binding pockets is of great importance in the construction of potent and selective phosphinic dipeptide inhibitors of metallo-aminopeptidases. Proper structure selection makes inhibitor construction more economic, as the development process typically consists of multiple iterative preparation/bioassay steps. On the basis of these principles, using noncomplex computation and modeling methodologies, we comprehensively screened 900 commercial precursors of the P1′ residues of phosphinic dipeptide and dehydrodipeptide analogs to identify the most promising ligands of 52 metallo-dependent aminopeptidases with known crystal structures. The results revealed several nonproteinogenic residues with an improved energy of binding compared with the best known inhibitors. The data are discussed taking into account the selectivity and stereochemical implications of the enzymes. Using this approach, we were able to identify nontrivial structural elements substituting the recognized phosphinic peptidomimetic scaffold of metallo-aminopeptidase inhibitors.
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Ekpenyong O, Gao X, Ma J, Cooper C, Nguyen L, Olaleye OA, Liang D, Xie H. Pre-Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution and Physicochemical Studies of CLBQ14, a Novel Methionine Aminopeptidase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:1263-1277. [PMID: 32280198 PMCID: PMC7127848 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s238148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CLBQ14, a derivative of 8-hydroxyquinoline, exerts its chemotherapeutic effect by inhibiting methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP), the enzyme responsible for the post-translational modification of several proteins and polypeptides. MetAP is a novel target for infectious diseases. CLBQ14 is selective and highly potent against replicating and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis making it an appealing lead for further development. METHODS The physicochemical properties (solubility, pH stability and lipophilicity), in vitro plasma stability and metabolism, pre-clinical pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and tissue distribution of CLBQ14 in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were characterized. RESULTS At room temperature, CLBQ14 is practically insoluble in water (<0.07 mg/mL) but freely soluble in dimethyl acetamide (>80 mg/mL); it has a log P value of 3.03 ± 0.04. CLBQ14 exhibits an inverse Z-shaped pH decomposition profile; it is stable at acidic pH but is degraded at a faster rate at basic pH. It is highly bound to plasma proteins (>91%), does not partition to red blood cells (B/P ratio: 0.83 ± 0.03), and is stable in mouse, rat, monkey and human plasma. CLBQ14 exhibited a bi-exponential pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration in rats, bioavailability of 39.4 and 90.0%, respectively from oral and subcutaneous route. We observed a good correlation between predicted and observed rat clearance, 1.90 ± 0.17 L/kg/h and 1.67 ± 0.08 L/kg/h, respectively. Human hepatic clearance predicted from microsomal stability data and from the single species scaling were 0.80 L/hr/kg and 0.69 L/h/kg, respectively. CLBQ14 is extensively distributed in rats; following a 5 mg/kg intravenous administration, lowest and highest concentrations of 15.6 ± 4.20 ng/g of heart and 405.9 ± 77.11 ng/g of kidneys, respectively, were observed. In vitro CYP reaction phenotyping demonstrates that CLBQ14 is metabolized primarily by CYP 1A2. CONCLUSION CLBQ14 possess appealing qualities of a drug candidate. The studies reported herein are imperative to the development of CLBQ14 as a new chemical entity for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ekpenyong
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiuqing Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Candace Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omonike A Olaleye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huan Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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Helgren TR, Seven ES, Chen C, Edwards TE, Staker BL, Abendroth J, Myler PJ, Horn JR, Hagen TJ. The identification of inhibitory compounds of Rickettsia prowazekii methionine aminopeptidase for antibacterial applications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1376-1380. [PMID: 29551481 PMCID: PMC5908248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a dinuclear metalloprotease responsible for the cleavage of methionine initiator residues from nascent proteins. MetAP activity is necessary for bacterial proliferation and is therefore a projected novel antibacterial target. A compound library consisting of 294 members containing metal-binding functional groups was screened against Rickettsia prowazekii MetAP to determine potential inhibitory motifs. The compounds were first screened against the target at a concentration of 10 µM and potential hits were determined to be those exhibiting greater than 50% inhibition of enzymatic activity. These hit compounds were then rescreened against the target in 8-point dose-response curves and 11 compounds were found to inhibit enzymatic activity with IC50 values of less than 10 µM. Finally, compounds (1-5) were docked against RpMetAP with AutoDock to determine potential binding mechanisms and the results were compared with crystal structures deposited within the PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Helgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Congling Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bart L Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- Beryllium Discovery Corp., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James R Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Timothy J Hagen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA.
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