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Han F, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Yun Y, Xu Y, Guo S, Zhong Y, Xie X, Shen J. Discovery and exploration of novel somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) antagonists for the treatment of cholesterol gallstones. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116017. [PMID: 38070432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The shortage of cholesterol gallstones treatment intensifies the need to discover of effective small molecule drugs. Clinical follow-up and studies have found that activation of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) reduce gallbladder contraction and thus increase the risk of cholesterol gallstones, implying that antagonizing SSTR5 may promote gallbladder emptying and reduce the formation of gallstones. Herein, we discovered novel SSTR5 antagonists and firstly investigated its effects on cholesterol gallstone. From loperamide, a reported seed structure with micromole activity, we identified optimal compound 23 as an SSTR5 antagonist exhibiting single-digit nanomolar potency, low hERG inhibition and oral availability. Further in vivo evaluation revealed that 23 significantly promoted gallbladder emptying. Moreover, in a mouse cholesterol gallstone model, 23 (3 mg/kg) effectively reduced the cholesterol gallstones formation, showing better efficacy than the clinical first-line drug UDCA (60 mg/kg), providing a new insight into the development of anti-gallstone drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yanglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Yun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China.
| | - Jianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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2
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Tamura YO, Sugama J, Abe SI, Shimizu Y, Hirose H, Watanabe M. Selective somatostatin receptor 5 inhibition improves hepatic insulin sensitivity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01043. [PMID: 36585794 PMCID: PMC9803904 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence. Somatostatin (SST), a peptide hormone, regulates hormone secretion via five SST receptor (SSTR) subtypes (SSTR1-5) in a tissue-specific manner. As SSTR5 is expressed in pancreatic β-cells and intestinal L-cells, studies have suggested that SSTR5 regulates glucose tolerance through insulin and incretin secretion, thereby having a prominent role in diabetes. Moreover, SSTR5 knockout (KO) mice display enhanced insulin sensitivity; however, the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of SSTR5 blockade on insulin resistance and the target organ using SSTR5 KO mice and a selective SSTR5 antagonist (compound-1). High-fat diet (HFD)-fed SSTR5 KO mice exhibited significantly lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than HFD-fed wild-type mice. Two-week oral administration of compound-1 dose-dependently and significantly reduced changes in the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR in male KK-Ay /Ta Jcl mice (KK-Ay mice), a model of obese type 2 diabetes with severe insulin resistance. Additionally, compound-1 significantly increased the glucose infusion rate while decreasing hepatic glucose production in male KK-Ay mice, as evidenced by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analyses. In addition, compound-1 ameliorated the insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation suppression by octreotide in the liver of male C57BL/6J mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that selective SSTR5 inhibition can improve insulin sensitivity by enhancing liver insulin action; thus, selective SSTR5 antagonists represent potentially novel therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Okano Tamura
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Jun Sugama
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Abe
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirose
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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3
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Zana A, Galbiati A. Synthesis and Reactivity of 3‐Halo‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles: An Overview. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aureliano Zana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen (ZH) Switzerland
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen (ZH) Switzerland
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4
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Cai C, Guo P, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Wang Q, Zhang F, Fang J, Cheng F. Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:1073-1084. [PMID: 30715873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel by small molecules induces the prolongation of the QT interval which leads to fatal cardiotoxicity and accounts for the withdrawal or severe restrictions on the use of many approved drugs. In this study, we develop a deep learning approach, termed deephERG, for prediction of hERG blockers of small molecules in drug discovery and postmarketing surveillance. In total, we assemble 7,889 compounds with well-defined experimental data on the hERG and with diverse chemical structures. We find that deephERG models built by a multitask deep neural network (DNN) algorithm outperform those built by single-task DNN, naı̈ve Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and graph convolutional neural network (GCNN). Specifically, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value for the best model of deephERG is 0.967 on the validation set. Furthermore, based on 1,824 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs, 29.6% drugs are computationally identified to have potential hERG inhibitory activities by deephERG, highlighting the importance of hERG risk assessment in early drug discovery. Finally, we showcase several novel predicted hERG blockers on approved antineoplastic agents, which are validated by clinical case reports, experimental evidence, and the literature. In summary, this study presents a powerful deep learning-based tool for risk assessment of hERG-mediated cardiotoxicities in drug discovery and postmarketing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuipu Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510405 , China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510405 , China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510405 , China
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , Athens , Ohio 45701 , United States
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510405 , China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510405 , China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510405 , China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 510405 , China
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine , Case Western Reserve University , 9500 Euclid Avenue , Cleveland , Ohio 44195 , United States.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center , Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
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5
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Liu W, Shao PP, Liang GB, Bawiec J, He J, Aster SD, Wu M, Chicchi G, Wang J, Tsao KL, Shang J, Salituro G, Zhou YP, Li C, Akiyama TE, Metzger DE, Murphy BA, Howard AD, Weber AE, Duffy JL. Discovery and Pharmacology of a Novel Somatostatin Subtype 5 (SSTR5) Antagonist: Synergy with DPP-4 Inhibition. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1082-1087. [PMID: 30429949 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We report new SSTR5 antagonists with enhanced potency, subtype selectivity, and minimal off-target activities as compared to previously reported compounds. Starting from the reported SSTR5 antagonist 1, we systematically surveyed changes in the central core and head piece while maintaining the diphenyl tail group constant. From this study the azaspirodecanone 10 emerged as a new highly potent and selective SSTR5 antagonist. Compound 10 lowered glucose excursion by 94% in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in mice following a 3 mg/kg oral dose. The compound increased both total and active circulating incretin hormone GLP-1 levels in mice at a dose of 10 mg/kg. A synergistic effect was also demonstrated when compound 10 was coadministered with a DPP-4 inhibitor, substantially increasing circulating active GLP-1[7-36] amide and insulin in response to a glucose challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Gui-Bai Liang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John Bawiec
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jiafang He
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan D. Aster
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Margaret Wu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Garry Chicchi
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kwei-Lan Tsao
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jin Shang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Gino Salituro
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yun-Ping Zhou
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Cai Li
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Taro E. Akiyama
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Beth Ann Murphy
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Ann E. Weber
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joseph L. Duffy
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Liu W, Hussain Z, Zang Y, Sweis RF, Romero FA, Finke PE, Moningka R, Bao J, Plotkin MA, Shang J, Dingley KH, Salituro G, Murphy BA, Howard AD, Ujjainwalla F, Wood HB, Duffy JL. Optimization of Preclinical Metabolism for Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 5-Selective Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1088-1093. [PMID: 30429950 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of structurally diverse azaspirodecanone and spirooxazolidinone analogues were designed and synthesized as potent and selective somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) antagonists. Four optimized compounds each representing a subseries showed improvement in their metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic profiles compared to those of the original lead compound 1 while maintaining pharmacodynamic efficacy. The optimized cyclopropyl analogue 13 demonstrated efficacy in a mouse oral glucose tolerance test and an improved metabolic profile and pharmacokinetic properties in rhesus monkey studies. In this Communication, we discuss the relationship among structure, in vitro and in vivo activity, metabolic stability, and ultimately the potential of these compounds as therapeutic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we show how the use of focused libraries significantly expanded the structural class and provided new directions for structure-activity relationship optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yi Zang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ramzi F. Sweis
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Paul E. Finke
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Remond Moningka
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jianming Bao
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Jin Shang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Gino Salituro
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Beth Ann Murphy
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | | | - Harold B. Wood
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joseph L. Duffy
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Piao X, Li S, Sui X, Guo L, Liu X, Li H, Gao L, Cai S, Li Y, Wang T, Liu B. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) Ameliorates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice by Affecting NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:372. [PMID: 29725297 PMCID: PMC5917448 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU) is a main threat to public health. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may prevent GU but related mechanism remains unclear. DNJ was extracted from the supernatants of Bacillus subtilis by using ethanol and purified by using CM-Sepharose chromatography. A GU mouse model was induced by indomethacin. The functional role of DNJ in GU mice was explored by measuring the main molecules in the NF-KappaB pathway. After the model establishment, 40 GU mice were evenly assigned into five categories: IG (received vehicle control), LG (10 μg DNJ daily), MG (20 μg DNJ daily), HG (40 μg DNJ daily), and RG (0.5 mg ranitidine daily). Meanwhile, eight healthy mice were assigned as a control group (CG). After 1-month therapy, weight and gastric volume were investigated. The levels of serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), antioxidant indices [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH)], and oxidant biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined via ELISA. Meanwhile, inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) levels, and key molecules (NF-κB p65), cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1 and COX2) involved in NF-κB pathway, were analyzed by using Western Blot. COX-1 and COX-2 levels were further measured by immunohistochemistry. The effects of DNJ on gastric functions were explored by measuring the changes of Motilin (MOT), Substance P (SP), Somatostatin (SS), and Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in GU mouse models with ELISA Kits. The results indicated that DNJ prevented indomethacin-caused increase of gastric volume. DNJ improved histopathology of GU mice when compared with the mice from IG group (P < 0.05). DNJ consumption decreased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). DNJ increased antioxidant indices of GU mice by improving the activities of SOD, CAT and reduced GSH, and reduced MDA levels (P < 0.05). DNJ increased the levels of prostaglandin E2, COX-1, COX2, and reduced the levels of and NF-κB p65 (P < 0.05). DNJ showed protection for gastric functions of GU mice by reducing the levels of MOT and SP, and increasing the levels of SS and VIP. DNJ treatment inactivates NF-κB signaling pathway, and increases anti-ulceration ability of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Piao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuangdi Li
- Heart Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodan Sui
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lianyi Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Leming Gao
- School of Stomatology, 2nd Dental Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Baohai Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Lin D, Wang L, Yan Z, Ye J, Hu A, Liao H, Liu J, Peng J. Semi-synthesis, structural modification and biological evaluation of 5-arylbenzofuran neolignans. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34331-34342. [PMID: 35548655 PMCID: PMC9087020 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Arylbenzofuran neolignans, a newfound class of natural products, were semi-synthesized, and a series of derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Zhongzhong Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Jiao Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Aixi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Hongdong Liao
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Science
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421000
- China
| | - Junmei Peng
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Science
- University of South China
- Hengyang 421000
- China
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