Ultrasound-dependent cytoplasmic internalization of a peptide-sonosensitizer conjugate

Ultrasound-dependent RNAi using TatU1A-rose bengal conjugate

Tat-U1A-rose bengal conjugate (TatU1A-RB) was prepared as an ultrasound-sensitive RNA carrier molecule. This molecule consists of Tat cell-penetrating peptide, U1A RNA-binding protein, and rose bengal as a sonosensitizer. We demonstrated that TatU1A-RB delivered RNA via the endocytosis pathway, which was followed by ultrasound-dependent endosomal escape and cytosolic dispersion of the RNA. A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delivered by TatU1A-RB mediated RNA interference (RNAi) ultrasound-dependently. Even by ultrasound irradiation through blood cells, RNAi could be induced with TatU1A-RB and the shRNA. This ultrasound-dependent cytosolic RNA delivery method will serve as the basis for a new approach to nucleic acid therapeutics.

Minimization of apoptosis-inducing CPP-Bim peptide

Pro-apoptotic peptides may be promising agents for cancer therapy owing to their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. TatBim, a fusion peptide of Tat cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) and the BH3 domain derived from Bim apoptosis-inducing protein, is a pro-apoptotic peptide. In this study, based on the TatBim sequence, we attempted to minimize the CPP-Bim peptide while retaining apoptosis-inducing activity. The CPP and Bim parts were systematically shortened, and the pro-apoptotic activities of the shortened peptides were examined. We obtained TatBim-N1C2 and R8Bim-N1C2 as minimized peptides with efficient apoptotic activity. These peptides may have potential applications in future biomedical studies, such as cancer therapeutics.

Intracellular delivery of a peptide nucleic acid-based hybrid of an autophagy inducing peptide with a cell-penetrating peptide

Development of an intracellular delivery method for functional peptides via cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) expands peptide use in basic research and therapeutic applications. Although direct conjugation of a functional peptide with a CPP is the simplest method for delivery, this method has not always been reliable. CPPs usually contain several positively charged amino acids that potentially interact non-specifically with negatively charged molecules in cells and subsequently interfere with conjugated functional peptide function. Here we demonstrate a new intracellular delivery method for peptides in which a functional peptide is released from a positively charged CPP via peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). We prepared an 8-mer PNA conjugated to octa-arginine in tandem (PNA1-CPP) and linked its complementary PNA to an autophagy inducing peptide (PNA2-AIP) by solid-phase peptide synthesis. PNA1-CPP and PNA2-AIP formed a 1 : 1 hybrid via PNA1/PNA2 interaction, thereby indirectly but stably connecting the AIP to the CPP. PNA2-AIP was successfully delivered into cells in a hybrid formation-dependent manner and at least some portion of the PNA1-CPP/PNA2-AIP hybrids dissociated into PNA2-AIP and PNA1-CPP inside the cells. Notably, PNA2-AIP delivered to cells induced more autophagy than AIP directly conjugated to CPP (CPP-AIP). Further, the PNA hybrid did not induce significant cell death. These findings indicate that the PNA1/PNA2 hybrid can function as a molecular glue enabling the delivery of functional peptides into cells.

Visible light photoredox catalyzed thiophosphate synthesis using methylene blue as a promoter

A novel efficient method for the synthesis of thiophosphate derivatives catalyzed by methylene blue with blue light irradiation under an air atmosphere is described.