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Saini A, Patel R, Gaba S, Singh G, Gupta GD, Monga V. Adenosine receptor antagonists: Recent advances and therapeutic perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113907. [PMID: 34695776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous purine-based nucleoside expressed nearly in all body tissues. It regulates various body functions by activating four G-protein coupled receptors, A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. These receptors are widely acknowledged as drug targets for treating different neurological, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. Although numerous adenosine receptor inhibitors have been developed worldwide, achieving target selectivity is still a big hurdle in drug development. However, the identification of specific radioligands-based affinity assay, fluorescent ligands, and MS-based ligand assay have contributed to the development of selective and potent adenosine ligands. In recent years various small heterocyclic-based molecules have shown some promising results. Istradefylline has been approved for treating Parkinson's in Japan, while preladenant, tozadenant, CVT-6883, MRS-1523, and many more are under different phases of clinical development. The present review is focused on the quest to develop potent and selective adenosine inhibitors from 2013 to early 2021 by various research groups. The review also highlights their biological activity, selectivity, structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and mechanistic studies. A special emphsesis on drug designing strategies has been also given the manuscript. The comprehensive compilation of research work carried out in the field will provide inevitable scope for designing and developing novel adenosine inhibitors with improved selectivity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rajiv Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sobhi Gaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Design and Synthesis of Novel Thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives with High Affinity for Both the Adenosine A 1 and A 2A Receptors, and Efficacy in Animal Models of Depression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070657. [PMID: 34358083 PMCID: PMC8308585 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
New compounds with a 7-amino-2-arylmethyl-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine structure were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their affinity and/or potency at the human (h) A1, hA2A, hA2B, and hA3 adenosine receptors (ARs). Several compounds (5, 8–10, 13, 18, 19) were characterized by nanomolar and subnanomolar binding affinities for the hA1 and the hA2A AR, respectively. Results of molecular docking studies supported the in vitro results. The 2-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(furan-2yl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-7-amine derivative 18 (hA1 Ki = 1.9 nM; hA2A Ki = 0.06 nM) was evaluated for its antidepressant-like activity in in vivo studies, the forced swimming test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST), and the sucrose preference test (SPT) in mice, showing an effect comparable to that of the reference amitriptyline.
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Matthee C, Terre'Blanche G, Legoabe LJ, Janse van Rensburg HD. Exploration of chalcones and related heterocycle compounds as ligands of adenosine receptors: therapeutics development. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1779-1821. [PMID: 34176057 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the mammalian body where they are involved in an extensive list of physiological and pathological processes that scientists have only begun to decipher. Resultantly, AR agonists and antagonists have been the focus of multiple drug design and development programmes within the past few decades. Considered to be a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, the chalcone framework has attracted a substantial amount of interest in this regard. Due to the potential liabilities associated with its structure, however, it has become necessary to explore other potentially promising compounds, such as heterocycles, which have successfully been obtained from chalcone precursors in the past. This review aims to summarise the emerging therapeutic importance of adenosine receptors and their ligands, especially in the central nervous system (CNS), while highlighting chalcone and heterocyclic derivatives as promising AR ligand lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisna Matthee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Gisella Terre'Blanche
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.,Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa
| | - Helena D Janse van Rensburg
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, North West, South Africa.
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Piperazine- and Piperidine-Containing Thiazolo[5,4- d]pyrimidine Derivatives as New Potent and Selective Adenosine A 2A Receptor Inverse Agonists. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080161. [PMID: 32722122 PMCID: PMC7465344 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases, is a very promising approach. Moreover, the potential therapeutic role of A2A AR antagonists to avoid both immunoescaping of tumor cells and tumor development is well documented. Herein, we report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new set of piperazine- and piperidine- containing 7-amino-2-(furan-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives designed as human A2A AR antagonists/inverse agonists. Binding and potency data indicated that a good number of potent and selective hA2A AR inverse agonists were found. Amongst them, the 2-(furan-2-yl)-N5-(2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diamine 11 exhibited the highest A2A AR binding affinity (Ki = 8.62 nM) as well as inverse agonist potency (IC50 = 7.42 nM). In addition, bioinformatics prediction using the web tool SwissADME revealed that 8, 11, and 19 possessed good drug-likeness profiles.
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Varano F, Catarzi D, Vincenzi F, Pasquini S, Pelletier J, Lopes Rangel Fietto J, Espindola Gelsleichter N, Sarlandie M, Guilbaud A, Sévigny J, Varani K, Colotta V. Structural investigation on thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines to obtain dual-acting blockers of CD73 and adenosine A2A receptor as potential antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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New 8-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-one derivatives. Evaluation of different moieties on the 6-aryl ring to obtain potent and selective human A 2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127126. [PMID: 32241719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, further structural investigations on the 8-amino-2-phenyl-6-aryl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-one series were carried out to achieve potent and selective human A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists. Different ether and amide moieties were attached at the para-position of the 6-phenyl ring, thus leading to compounds 1-9 and 10-18, respectively. Most of these moieties contained terminal basic rings (pyrrolidine, morpholine, piperidine and substituted piperazines) which were thought to confer good physicochemical and drug-like properties. Compounds 11-16, bearing the amide linker, possessed high affinity and selectivity for the hA2A AR (Ki = 3.6-11.8 nM). Also derivatives 1-9, featuring an ether linker, preferentially targeted the hA2A AR but with lower affinity, compared to those of the relative amide compounds. Docking studies, carried out at the hA2A AR binding site, highlighted some crucial ligand-receptor interactions, particularly those provided by the appended substituent whose nature deeply affected hA2A AR affinity.
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Radwan MA, Alshubramy MA, Abdel-Motaal M, Hemdan BA, El-Kady DS. Synthesis, molecular docking and antimicrobial activity of new fused pyrimidine and pyridine derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang X, Xiong Y, Li CD, Xu Q, Shen L, Chandra Kaushik A, Wei DQ. An Integrated Pan-Cancer Analysis and Structure-Based Virtual Screening of GPR15. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246226. [PMID: 31835584 PMCID: PMC6940937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15, also known as BOB) is an extensively studied orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involving human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, colonic inflammation, and smoking-related diseases. Recently, GPR15 was deorphanized and its corresponding natural ligand demonstrated an ability to inhibit cancer cell growth. However, no study reported the potential role of GPR15 in a pan-cancer manner. Using large-scale publicly available data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, we found that GPR15 expression is significantly lower in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) than in normal tissues. Among 33 cancer types, GPR15 expression was significantly positively correlated with the prognoses of COAD, neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC), and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and significantly negatively correlated with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). This study also revealed that commonly upregulated gene sets in the high GPR15 expression group (stratified via median) of COAD, HNSC, LUAD, and STAD are enriched in immune systems, indicating that GPR15 might be considered as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we modelled the 3D structure of GPR15 and conducted structure-based virtual screening. The top eight hit compounds were screened and then subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for stability analysis. Our study provides novel insights into the role of GPR15 in a pan-cancer manner and discovered a potential hit compound for GPR15 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Xiangeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Cheng-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Aman Chandra Kaushik
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.X.); (C.-D.L.); (Q.X.)
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.K.); (D.-Q.W.)
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Al-Attraqchi OH, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Nair A, Al-Attraqchi NH. Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Potential Drug Target - Current Status and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2716-2740. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are a class of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by
the endogenous substance adenosine. ARs are classified into 4 subtype receptors, namely, the A1, A2A, A2B and A3
receptors. The wide distribution and expression of the ARs in various body tissues as well as the roles they have
in controlling different functions in the body make them potential drug targets for the treatment of various pathological
conditions, such as cardiac diseases, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, inflammation and glaucoma. Therefore,
in the past decades, there have been extensive investigations of ARs with a high number of agonists and antagonists
identified that can interact with these receptors. This review shall discuss the A2A receptor (A2AAR) subtype
of the ARs. The structure, properties and the recent advances in the therapeutic potential of the receptor are discussed
with an overview of the recent advances in the methods of studying the receptor. Also, molecular modeling
approaches utilized in the design of A2AAR ligands are highlighted with various recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H.A. Al-Attraqchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O BOX (1), Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Falsini M, Catarzi D, Varano F, Ceni C, Dal Ben D, Marucci G, Buccioni M, Volpini R, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Lucarini E, Ghelardini C, Bartolucci G, Menicatti M, Colotta V. Antioxidant-Conjugated 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3- a]pyrazin-3-one Derivatives: Highly Potent and Selective Human A 2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists Possessing Protective Efficacy in Neuropathic Pain. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8511-8531. [PMID: 31453698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New 8-amino-6-aryl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-ones were designed to obtain dual antioxidant-human A2A adenosine receptor (hA2A AR) antagonists. Two sets of compounds were synthesized, the first featuring phenol rings at the 6-position, the second bearing the lipoyl and 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tertbut-benzoyl residues appended by different linkers on the 6-phenyl ring. Several new triazolopyrazines (1-21) were potent and selective hA2A AR antagonists (Ki = 0.17-54.5 nM). Compounds 11, 15, and 21, featuring antioxidant moieties, and compound 12, lacking the antioxidant functionality, reduced oxaliplatin-induced toxicity in microglia cells, the most active being the lipoyl-derivative 15 and the (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl)benzoyl-analogue 21 which were effective in reducing the oxygen free radical level. The lipoyl-derivative 15 was also able to revert oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in the mouse. In vivo efficacy of 15 makes it a promising neuroprotective agent in oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Costanza Ceni
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute , Università degli Studi di Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , 62032 Camerino , Macerata , Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute , Università degli Studi di Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , 62032 Camerino , Macerata , Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute , Università degli Studi di Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , 62032 Camerino , Macerata , Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute , Università degli Studi di Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , 62032 Camerino , Macerata , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Viale Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Viale Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmacologia e Tossicologia , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Viale Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff, 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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Novel 8-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-one derivatives as potent human adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptor antagonists. Evaluation of their protective effect against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:380-394. [PMID: 30913470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an enlarged series of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-ones was designed to target the human (h) A2A adenosine receptor (AR) or both hA1 and hA2A ARs. The novel 8-amino-1,2,4-triazolopyrazin-3-one derivatives 1-25 featured a phenyl or a benzyl pendant at position 2 while different aryl/heteroaryl substituents were placed at position 6. Two compounds (8 and 10) endowed with high affinity (Ki = 7.2 and 10.6 nM) and a complete selectivity for the hA2A AR were identified. Moreover, several derivatives possessed nanomolar affinity for both hA1 and hA2A ARs (both Ki < 20 nM) and different degrees of selectivity versus the hA3 AR. Two selected compounds (10 and 25) demonstrated ability in preventing β-amyloid peptide (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Results of docking studies at the hA2A and hA1 AR crystal structures helped us to rationalize the observed affinity data and to highlight that the steric hindrance of the substituents at the 2- and 6-position of the bicyclic core affects the binding mode in the receptor cavity.
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12
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Varano F, Catarzi D, Falsini M, Dal Ben D, Buccioni M, Marucci G, Volpini R, Colotta V. Novel human adenosine receptor antagonists based on the 7-amino-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold. Structural investigations at the 2-, 5- and 7-positions to enhance affinity and tune selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:563-569. [PMID: 30638876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of novel 7-amino-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines bearing different substituents at positions 2, 5 and 7 of the thiazolopyrimidine scaffold. The synthesized compounds 2-27 were evaluated in radioligand binding (A1, A2A and A3) and adenylyl cyclase activity (A2B and A2A) assays, in order to evaluate their affinity and potency at human adenosine receptor subtypes. The current study allowed us to support that affinity and selectivity of 7-amino-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives towards the adenosine receptor subtypes can be modulated by the nature of the groups attached at positions 2, 5 and 7 of the bicyclic scaffold. To rationalize the hypothetical binding mode of the newly synthesized compounds, we also performed docking calculations in human A2A, A1 and A3 structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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