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Mushtaq A, Azam U, Mehreen S, Naseer MM. Synthetic α-glucosidase inhibitors as promising anti-diabetic agents: Recent developments and future challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115119. [PMID: 36680985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest challenges for the scientific community in the 21st century. It is a well-recognized multifactorial health problem contributes significantly to high mortality rates by causing serious health complications mainly related to cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage and neuropathy. The inhibition of α-glucosidase (enzyme that catalyses starch hydrolysis in the intestine) is an effective therapeutic approach for controlling hyperglycemia associated with type-2 diabetes. However, the presently approved drugs/inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose have several undesirable gastrointestinal side effects impeding their applications. Therefore, search for novel and more effective inhibitors with reduced side effects and less cost remains a fascinating area of research. In this context, a large variety of α-glucosidase inhibitors have been identified in recent years that demands attention from drug development community. This review is therefore an effort to summarize and highlight the promising α-glucosidase inhibitors especially those which are primarily based on aromatic heterocyclic scaffolds such as coumarin, imidazole, isatin, pyrimidine, quinazoline, triazine, thiazole etc, having improved safety and pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saba Mehreen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Synthesis, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and molecular docking of cinnamamides. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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D. V. H, Annadate RA, Pansare SV. Synthesis and Evaluation of N-Diaminophosphoryl Aminothioureas as Bifunctional Catalysts for Vinylogous Aldol Reactions of Isatins and 2(3 H)-Furanones. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3190-3197. [PMID: 36713689 PMCID: PMC9878653 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The organocatalytic asymmetric direct vinylogous aldol reaction of N-methylisatins 1 and γ-butenolides 2 to provide 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives 3 was investigated. A series of N-diaminophosphoryl aminothiourea catalysts 4 was synthesized, and their utility for the stereoselective formation of 3 was examined.
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Sazali Hamzah A, Fazli Mohammat M, Wibowo A, Shaameri Z, Nur Ain Abdul Rashid F, Hidayah Pungot N. Five-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles as New Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-sr(r)7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Design, synthesis and SAR of novel sulfonylurea derivatives for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus in rats. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaur P, Khatik G. An Overview of Computer-aided Drug Design Tools and Recent Applications in Designing of Anti-diabetic Agents. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1158-1182. [PMID: 33213342 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201119141525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this fast-growing era, high throughput data is now being easily accessed by getting transformed into datasets which store the information. Such information is valuable to optimize the hypothesis and drug design via computer-aided drug design (CADD). Nowadays, we can explore the role of CADD in various disciplines like Nanotechnology, Biochemistry, Medical Sciences, Molecular Biology, etc. Methods: We searched the valuable literature using a pertinent database with given keywords like computer-aided drug design, anti-diabetic, drug design, etc. We retrieved all valuable articles which are recent and discussing the role of computation in the designing of anti-diabetic agents. RESULTS To facilitate the drug discovery process, the computational approach has set landmarks in the whole pipeline for drug discovery from target identification and mechanism of action to the identification of leads and drug candidates. Along with this, there is a determined endeavor to describe the significance of in-silico studies in predicting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profile. Thus, globally, CADD is accepted with a variety of tools for studying QSAR, virtual screening, protein structure prediction, quantum chemistry, material design, physical and biological property prediction. CONCLUSION Computer-assisted tools are used as the drug discovery tool in the area of different diseases, and here we reviewed the collaborative aspects of information technologies and chemoinformatic tools in the discovery of anti-diabetic agents, keeping in view the growing importance for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paranjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar- Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara (Punjab), India
| | - Gopal Khatik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh 226301), India
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Patle D, Vyas M, Khatik GL. A Review on Natural Products and Herbs Used in the Management of Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:186-197. [PMID: 32268866 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200408090058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to review the importance of the natural products and herbs used in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) as medicinal agents. BACKGROUND Naturally occuring phytoactive compounds and herbs are very important because they are found to be effective against several diseases. DM is a commonly occurring endocrinological disorder, with the incidences increased four times in the last 34 years. There are several oral hypoglycemic agents available in the market, which in the long term, may lead to a high risk of secondary failure rate. OBJECTIVES This review focuses on natural products and herbs application for effective management of diabetic conditions, and natural products that can be utilized as alternative therapy. METHODS We searched the various online databases (PubMed, Bentham, ScienceDirect) and scientific publications from the library using a qualitative systematic review. The criteria of the review were based on natural products and herbs application for possessing medicinal value against diabetes and the literature of previous thirty years has been searched. The inclusion criteria of materials were based on the quality and relevancy with our aim. RESULTS We observed that owing to the potential of natural products and herbs, different research groups are searching for the potent natural antidiabetic agents with minimal side effects. Recent research showed that there is a decline in a number of new molecules that fail in clinical trials because of toxicity thus, natural products and herbs are considered as the alternative. Currently, some of the natural products and herbs like coixol, andrographolide, Tinospora cordifolia, polypeptide p, charantin, Annona squamosa, and Nigella are being explored for their potential to be used successfully for the management of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION The significance of natural products and herbs in the anticipation of diabetes and allied complications are being described herein. We observed that a huge amount of work is being done to explore the natural products and herbs to manage the diabetes and this review gives the highlights of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Patle
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences - PCTE Group of Institutes, Jhande, VPO Baddowal, Ludhiana, Punjab, 142021, India
| | - Manish Vyas
- Department of Ayurveda, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar- Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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Hao L, Ma Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ma Y, Dodd RH, Sun H, Yu P. Synthesis of tetracyclic oxindoles and evaluation of their α-glucosidase inhibitory and glucose consumption-promoting activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127264. [PMID: 32527562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of tetracyclic oxindole derivatives was synthesized by asymmetric 1, 3-dipole reaction in 2-4 steps in 57-86% overall yields. These compounds were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory and glucose consumption-promoting activity in vitro. Compound 4l competitively and reversibly inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.64 μM) with activity 14-fold higher than that of acarbose. Docking analysis substantiated these findings. In addition, compound 4l exhibited significant glucose consumption promoting activity at 1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yujiao Ma
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lianbo Zhao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Robert H Dodd
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Centre de recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hua Sun
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Dowarah J, Singh VP. Anti-diabetic drugs recent approaches and advancements. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115263. [PMID: 32008883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the major diseases worldwide and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Anti-diabetic drugs are used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus to control glucose levels in the blood. Most of the drugs are administered orally, except for a few of them, such as insulin, exenatide, and pramlintide. In this review, we are going to discuss seven major types of anti-diabetic drugs: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors. Here, we are also discussing some of the recently reported anti-diabetic agents with its multi-target pharmacological actions. This review summarises recent approaches and advancement in anti-diabetes treatment concerning characteristics, structure-activity relationships, functional mechanisms, expression regulation, and applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dowarah
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Ved Prakash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Tang H, Huang L, Sun C, Zhao D. Exploring the structure–activity relationship and interaction mechanism of flavonoids and α-glucosidase based on experimental analysis and molecular docking studies. Food Funct 2020; 11:3332-3350. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02806d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An integrated method was explored to investigate the structure–activity relationship and interaction mechanism between a library of natural flavonoids and α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Tang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Polytechnic University
- Wuhu 241000
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Blood Purification Center
- Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College
- Wuhu 241001
- P. R. China
| | - Chunyong Sun
- College of Pharmacy
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jinan 250355
- P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jinan 250355
- P. R. China
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Dhameja M, Gupta P. Synthetic heterocyclic candidates as promising α-glucosidase inhibitors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:343-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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