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Sheikh KA, Iqubal A, Alam MM, Akhter M, Khan MA, Ehtaishamul Haque S, Parvez S, Jahangir U, Amir M, Khanna S, Shaquiquzzaman M. A Quinquennial Review of Potent LSD1 Inhibitors Explored for the Treatment of Different Cancers, with Special Focus on SAR Studies. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:152-207. [PMID: 36718063 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230130093442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer bears a significant share of global mortality. The enzyme Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A), since its discovery in 2004, has captured the attention of cancer researchers due to its overexpression in several cancers like acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), solid tumours, etc. The Lysine Specific Demethylase (LSD1) downregulation is reported to have an effect on cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. Therefore, research to discover safer and more potent LSD1 inhibitors can pave the way for the development of better cancer therapeutics. These efforts have resulted in the synthesis of many types of derivatives containing diverse structural nuclei. The present manuscript describes the role of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) in carcinogenesis, reviews the LSD1 inhibitors explored in the past five years and discusses their comprehensive structural activity characteristics apart from the thorough description of LSD1. Besides, the potential challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in the development of LSD1 inhibitors are also discussed. The review suggests that tranylcypromine derivatives are the most promising potent LSD1 inhibitors, followed by triazole and pyrimidine derivatives with IC50 values in the nanomolar and sub-micromolar range. A number of potent LSD1 inhibitors derived from natural sources like resveratrol, protoberberine alkaloids, curcumin, etc. are also discussed. The structural-activity relationships discussed in the manuscript can be exploited to design potent and relatively safer LSD1 inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Umar Jahangir
- Department of Amraaz-e-Jild wa Tazeeniyat, School of Unani Medical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Amir
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suruchi Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Alabed SJ, Zihlif M, Taha M. Discovery of new potent lysine specific histone demythelase-1 inhibitors (LSD-1) using structure based and ligand based molecular modelling and machine learning. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35873-35895. [PMID: 36545090 PMCID: PMC9751883 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD-1) is an epigenetic enzyme that oxidatively cleaves methyl groups from monomethyl and dimethyl Lys4 of histone H3 and is highly overexpressed in different types of cancer. Therefore, it has been widely recognized as a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Towards this end, we employed various Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD) approaches including pharmacophore modelling and machine learning. Pharmacophores generated by structure-based (SB) (either crystallographic-based or docking-based) and ligand-based (LB) (either supervised or unsupervised) modelling methods were allowed to compete within the context of genetic algorithm/machine learning and were assessed by Shapley additive explanation values (SHAP) to end up with three successful pharmacophores that were used to screen the National Cancer Institute (NCI) database. Seventy-five NCI hits were tested for their LSD-1 inhibitory properties against neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, pancreatic carcinoma Panc-1 cells, glioblastoma U-87 MG cells and in vitro enzymatic assay, culminating in 3 nanomolar LSD-1 inhibitors of novel chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shada J Alabed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan Amman Jordan
| | - Mutasem Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan Amman Jordan
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Madhvi, Utreja D, Kalia A. Efficient p-Toluenesulfonic Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of 5-Aryl-5,10-dihydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones and Their Antimicrobial Activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022090196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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He X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Wang S, Bai R, Xie T, Ye XY. Drug discovery of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) inhibitors (progress from 2018 to present). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ma P, Jia G, Song Z. Monobenzone, a Novel and Potent KDM1A Inhibitor, Suppresses Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640949. [PMID: 33935733 PMCID: PMC8084583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase1 (KDM1A) is generally highly expressed in various cancer tissues, and promotes the initiation and development of cancers via diverse cellular signaling pathways. Therefore, KDM1A is a promising drug target in many cancers, and it is crucial to find effective KDM1A inhibitors, while none of them has entered into market. With the help of compound library, monobenzone, a local depigmentor using as a treating over-pigmentation in clinic, was characterized as an effective KDM1A inhibitor (IC50 = 0.4507 μM), which may competitively inhibit KDM1A reversibly. Further cellular study confirmed that monobenzone could inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines MGC-803 and BGC-823 with IC50 as 7.82 ± 0.55 μM and 6.99 ± 0.51 μM, respectively, and erase the substrate of KDM1A, H3K4me1/2 and H3K9 me2, and inhibit the migration of gastric cancer cell by reversing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). As the structure of monobenzone is very simple and small, this study provides a novel backbone for the further optimization of KDM1A inhibitor and gives monobenzone potential new application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyu Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Madhvi, Utreja D, Sharma S. Barbiturates: A Review of Synthesis and Antimicrobial Research Progress. Curr Org Synth 2021; 19:31-55. [PMID: 33855946 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210414104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barbituric acid and its derivatives have turned heads for several years as an indispensable class of compounds in the pharmaceutical industry because of their vast assortment of biological activities such as anticonvulsants, hypnotics, anti-diabetic, antiviral, anti-AIDS, anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant etc. Plethoras of studies have shed light on the properties, synthesis, and reactivity of these compounds. The depiction of multiple biological activities by barbiturates compelled us and by virtue of which herein we have mediated over the progress of synthesis of numerous kinds of compounds derived from barbituric acid with well-known and typical examples from 2016 to the present. OBJECTIVE The review focuses on the advancements in methods of synthesis of barbituric acid derivatives and their applications as antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSION This review will help future researchers to analyze the previous studies and to explore new compounds for the development of efficient antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhvi
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004. India
| | - Divya Utreja
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004. India
| | - Shivali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004. India
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Dai XJ, Liu Y, Xue LP, Xiong XP, Zhou Y, Zheng YC, Liu HM. Reversible Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) Inhibitors: A Promising Wrench to Impair LSD1. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2466-2488. [PMID: 33619958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent monoamine oxidase, lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) functions as a transcription coactivator or corepressor to regulate the methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 and 9 (H3K4/9), and it has emerged as a promising epigenetic target for anticancer treatment. To date, numerous inhibitors targeting LSD1 have been developed, some of which are undergoing clinical trials for cancer therapy. Although only two reversible LSD1 inhibitors CC-90011 and SP-2577 are in the clinical stage, the past decade has seen remarkable advances in the development of reversible LSD1 inhibitors. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review about structures, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of reversible LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lei-Peng Xue
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Xiong
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Targeting LSD1 for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105335. [PMID: 33285227 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an effective strategy, but currently there are very limited therapeutic targets for AML treatment. Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is highly expressed in many cancers, impedes the differentiation of cancer cells, promotes the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of cancer cells, and is associated with poor prognosis. Targeting LSD1 has been recognized as a promising strategy for AML treatment in recent years. Based on these features, in the review, we discussed the main epigenetic drugs targeting LSD1 for AML therapy. Thus, this review focuses on the progress of LSD1 inhibitors in AML treatment, particularly those such as tranylcypromine (TCP), ORY-1001, GSK2879552, and IMG-7289 in clinical trials. These inhibitors provide novel scaffolds for designing new LSD1 inhibitors. Besides, combined therapies of LSD1 inhibitors with other drugs for AML treatment are also highlighted.
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Jia G, Cang S, Ma P, Song Z. Capsaicin: A “hot” KDM1A/LSD1 inhibitor from peppers. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mehndiratta S, Liou JP. Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:969-981. [PMID: 33479691 PMCID: PMC7513387 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LSD1 plays a pivotal role in numerous biological functions. The overexpression of LSD1 is reported to be associated with different malignancies. Over the last decade, LSD1 has emerged as an interesting target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Numerous researchers have designed, synthesized, and evaluated various LSD1 inhibitors with diverse chemical architectures. Some of these inhibitors have entered clinical trials and are currently at different phases of clinical evaluation. This comprehensive review enlists recent research developments in LSD1 targeting pharmacophores reported over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mehndiratta
- School of Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , Taiwan . ; Tel: +886 2 2736 1661 ext 6130
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy , Taipei Medical University , Taiwan . ; Tel: +886 2 2736 1661 ext 6130
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Li L, Li R, Wang Y. Identification of selective and reversible LSD1 inhibitors with anti-metastasis activity by high-throughput docking. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:544-548. [PMID: 30611617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been reported in various human tumors. There is increasing interest in targeting LSD1 with small molecules for cancer treatment. A released structure of an LSD1 kinase domain in complex with FAD was used to set up a low-cost high-throughput docking protocol for quick identification of LSD1 inhibitors. The most promising hit L05 was confirmed to be a potent, selective and reversible LSD1 inhibitor and displayed marked inhibition of colorectal cells migration without significant cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, PR China.
| | - Ruizhe Li
- Department of Sport and Health Science, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, PR China
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Xu X, Peng W, Liu C, Li S, Lei J, Wang Z, Kong L, Han C. Flavone-based natural product agents as new lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitors exhibiting cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:370-374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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