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Wang S, Ye W, Song W, Yao L, Zhang J, Qiu X, Zhou Z. Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT, vibrational properties, Hirshfeld surface and antitumor activity studies of tert-butyl (R)-(1-(4-(4-amino-1H-pyrrolo [3,2-c]pyridine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)ethyl)carbamate. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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2
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Marcos Santos L, da Silveira NJF. Current Fragment-to-lead Approaches Starting from the 7-azaindole: The Pharmacological Versatility of a Privileged Molecular Fragment. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2116-2130. [PMID: 37461366 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230718100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery is one of the most powerful paradigms in the recent context of medicinal chemistry and is being widely practiced by academic and industrial researchers. Currently, azaindoles are among the most exploited molecular fragments in pharmaceutical innovation projects inspired by fragment-to-lead strategies. The 7-azaindole is the most prominent representative within this remarkable family of pyrrolopyridine fragments, as it is present in the chemical structure of several approved antitumor drugs and also of numerous therapeutic candidates. In this paper, a brief overview on existing proofs of concept in the literature will be presented, as well as some recent works that corroborate 7-azaindole as a privileged and pharmacologically versatile molecular fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Marcos Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Computer Simulation / MolMod-CS (D311-F), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas / UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory / LQFar (D202A), Department of Food and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas / UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Nelson José Freitas da Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Computer Simulation / MolMod-CS (D311-F), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas / UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
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3
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Gerace A, Masini V, Crocetti L, Giovannoni MP, Ferraroni M. X-ray structural study of Human Neutrophil Elastase inhibition with a series of azaindoles, azaindazoles and isoxazolones. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Molecular manipulation of the 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-one scaffold to obtain new human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Sengupta S, Reddy JR, Rajesh N, Jaiswal A, Mabalirajan U, Palakodety RK, Mukherjee P, Bandyopadhyay A. Novel benzoxazinone derivative as potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitor: Potential implications in lung injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175187. [PMID: 35952844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase, a powerful physiological defence tool, may serve as drug target for diverse diseases due to its bystander effect on host cells like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we synthesised seven novel benzoxazinone derivatives and identified that these synthetic compounds are human neutrophil elastase inhibitor that was demonstrated by enzyme substrate kinetic assay. One such compound, PD05, emerged as the most potent inhibitor with lower IC50 as compared to control drug sivelestat. While this inhibition is competitive based on substrate dilution assay, PD05 showed a high binding affinity for human neutrophil elastase (Kd = 1.63 nM) with faster association and dissociation rate compared to notable elastase inhibitors like ONO 6818 and AZD9668, and its interaction with human neutrophil elastase was fully reversible.Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies were performed in vitro where protein binding was found to be 72% with a high recovery rate, aqueous solubility of 194.7 μM, low permeability along with a favourable hERG. Experiments with cell line revealed that the molecule successfully prevented elastase induced rounding and retracted cell morphology and cell cytotoxicity. In mouse model PD05 is able to reduce the alveolar collapse induced by neutrophil elastase. In summary, we demonstrate the in situ, in vitro and in vivo anti-elastase potential of the newly synthesised benzoxazinone derivative PD05 and thus this could be promising candidate for further investigation as a drug for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sengupta
- Cardiovascular Disease & Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Jala Ranjith Reddy
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nomula Rajesh
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashish Jaiswal
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Radha Krishna Palakodety
- Division of Organic and Biomolecular Medicine, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pulok Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Cardiovascular Disease & Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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Discovery of New 3,3-Diethylazetidine-2,4-dione Based Thiazoles as Nanomolar Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors with Broad-Spectrum Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147566. [PMID: 35886913 PMCID: PMC9321231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 3,3-diethylazetidine-2,4-dione based thiazoles 3a–3j were designed and synthesized as new human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors in nanomolar range. The representative compounds 3c, 3e, and 3h exhibit high HNE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 35.02–44.59 nM, with mixed mechanism of action. Additionally, the most active compounds 3c and 3e demonstrate high stability under physiological conditions. The molecular docking study showed good correlation of the binding energies with the IC50 values, suggesting that the inhibition properties are largely dependent on the stage of ligand alignment in the binding cavity. The inhibition properties are correlated with the energy level of substrates of the reaction of ligand with Ser195. Moreover, most compounds showed high and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity against human leukemia (MV4-11), human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and urinary bladder carcinoma (UMUC-3), with IC50 values of 4.59–9.86 μM. Additionally, compounds 3c and 3e can induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis via caspase-3 activation, leading to inhibition of A549 cell proliferation. These findings suggest that these new types of drugs could be used to treat cancer and other diseases in which immunoreactive HNE is produced.
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7
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Kimura R, Sato Y, Morisaki K, Nishi T. [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 1-(4-Methoxybenzyl)indoles and azaindoles with nitrile oxides. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Cantini N, Crocetti L, Guerrini G, Vergelli C, Schepetkin IA, Pallecchi M, Bartolucci G, Quinn MT, Teodori E, Giovannoni MP. 1,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-ones as human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128380. [PMID: 34563669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a serine protease that is expressed in polymorphonuclear neutrophils. It has been recognized as an important therapeutic target for treating inflammatory diseases, especially related to the respiratory system, but also for various types of cancer. Thus, compounds able to inhibit HNE are of great interest in medicinal chemistry. In the present paper, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of HNE inhibitors with an innovative 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-one core that was developed as a molecular modification of our previously reported indazole-based HNE inhibitors. Since the 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-one scaffold can occur in two possible tautomeric forms, the acylation/alkylation reactions resulted in a mixture of the two isomers, often widely unbalanced in favor of one form. Using analytical techniques and NMR spectroscopy, we characterized and separated the isomer pairs and confirmed the compounds used in biological testing. Analysis of the compounds for HNE inhibitory activity showed that they were potent inhibitors, with Ki values in the low nanomolar range (6-35 nM). They also had reasonable stability in aqueous buffer, with half-lives over 1 h. Overall, our results indicate that the 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indazol-4-one core is suitable for the synthesis of potent HNE inhibitors that could be useful in the development of new therapeutics for treating diseases involving excessive HNE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo Cantini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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9
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Pyridine Scaffolds, Phenols and Derivatives of Azo Moiety: Current Therapeutic Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164872. [PMID: 34443460 PMCID: PMC8399416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic heterocyclic compounds have incredible potential against different diseases; pyridines, phenolic compounds and the derivatives of azo moiety have shown excellent antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-melanogenic, anti-ulcer, anticancer, anti-mycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, DNA binding and chemosensing activities. In the present review, the above-mentioned activities of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (pyridines), hydroxyl (phenols) and azo derivatives are discussed with reference to the minimum inhibitory concentration and structure–activity relationship, which clearly indicate that the presence of nitrogen in the phenyl ring; in addition, the hydroxyl substituent and the incorporation of a diazo group is crucial for the improved efficacies of the compounds in probing different diseases. The comparison was made with the reported drugs and new synthetic derivatives that showed recent therapeutic perspectives made in the last five years.
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10
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Su X, Liu Z, Yue L, Wu X, Wei W, Que H, Ye T, Luo Y, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1 H-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine derivatives as potent fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20651-20661. [PMID: 35479379 PMCID: PMC9033946 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of FGFR signaling pathway plays an essential role in various types of tumors. Therefore, targeting FGFRs represents an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we report a series of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives with potent activities against FGFR1, 2, and 3. Among them, compound 4h exhibited potent FGFR inhibitory activity (FGFR1–4 IC50 values of 7, 9, 25 and 712 nM, respectively). In vitro, 4h inhibited breast cancer 4T1 cell proliferation and induced its apoptosis. In addition, 4h also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of 4T1 cells. Furthermore, 4h with low molecular weight would be an appealing lead compound which was beneficial to the subsequent optimization. In general, this research has been developing a class of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives targeting FGFR with development prospects. Discovery of a new class of 1H- pyrrorole [2,3-b]pyridine FGFR inhibitors with high ligand efficiency.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Su
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Lin Yue
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Hanyun Que
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37# 610041 Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
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11
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Exploration of nitrogen heterocycle scaffolds for the development of potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115836. [PMID: 33218895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent protease that plays an important physiological role in many processes but is also involved in a variety of pathologies that affect the pulmonary system. Thus, compounds able to inhibit HNE proteolytic activity could represent effective therapeutics. We present here a new series of pyrazolopyridine and pyrrolopyridine derivatives as HNE inhibitors designed as modifications of our previously synthesized indazoles and indoles in order to evaluate effects of the change in position of the nitrogen and/or the insertion of an additional nitrogen in the scaffolds on biological activity and chemical stability. We obtained potent HNE inhibitors with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range (10-50 nM), and some compounds exhibited improved chemical stability in phosphate buffer (t1/2 > 6 h). Molecular modeling studies demonstrated that inhibitory activity was strictly dependent on the formation of a Michaelis complex between the OH group of HNE Ser195 and the carbonyl carbon of the inhibitor. Moreover, in silico ADMET calculations predicted that most of the new compounds would be optimally absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Thus, these new and potent HNE inhibitors represent novel leads for future therapeutic development.
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13
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Crocetti L, Giovannoni MP, Cantini N, Guerrini G, Vergelli C, Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. Novel Sulfonamide Analogs of Sivelestat as Potent Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors. Front Chem 2020; 8:795. [PMID: 33033716 PMCID: PMC7491426 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is involved in a number of essential physiological processes and has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for treating acute and chronic lung injury. Nevertheless, only one drug, Sivelestat, has been approved for clinical use and just in Japan and the Republic of Korea. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of low-molecular-weight synthetic HNE inhibitors, and we have developed a wide variety of HNE inhibitors with various chemical scaffolds. We hypothesized that substitution of the active fragment of Sivelestat into these HNE inhibitor scaffolds could modulate their inhibitory activity, potentially resulting in higher efficacy and/or improved chemical stability. Here, we report the synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of novel compounds substituted with the 4-(sulfamoyl)phenyl pivalate fragment necessary for Sivelestat activity. Many of these compounds were potent HNE inhibitors with activity in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 19-30 nM for compounds 3a, 3b, 3f, 3g, and 9a), confirming that the 4-(sulfamoyl)phenyl pivalate fragment could substitute for the N-CO group at position 1 and offer a different point of attack for Ser195. Results of molecular docking of the these pivaloyl-containing compounds into the HNE binding site supported the mechanism of inhibitory activity involving a nucleophilic attack of Ser195 from the catalytic triad onto the pivaloyl carbonyl group. Furthermore, some compounds (e.g., 3a and 3f) had a relatively good stability in aqueous buffer (t1/2 > 9 h). Thus, this novel approach led to the identification of a number of potent HNE inhibitors that could be used as leads for the further development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Niccolò Cantini
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | | | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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14
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The importance of indole and azaindole scaffold in the development of antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112506. [PMID: 32688198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With some indoles and azaindoles being successfully developed as anticancer drugs, the design and synthesis of indole and azaindole derivatives with remarkable antitumor activity has received increasing attention and significant progress has been made. This paper reviews the recent progress in the study of tumorigenesis, mechanism of actions and structure activity relationships about anticancer indole and azindole derivatives. Combining structure activity relationships and molecular targets-related knowledge, this review will help researchers design more effective, safe and cost-effective anticancer indoles and azindoles agents.
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15
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Giovannoni MP, Crocetti L, Cantini N, Guerrini G, Vergelli C, Iacovone A, Teodori E, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT, Ciattini S, Rossi P, Paoli P. New 3‐unsubstituted isoxazolones as potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitors: Synthesis and molecular dynamic simulation. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:338-349. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical SectionUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical SectionUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Niccolò Cantini
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical SectionUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical SectionUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical SectionUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical SectionUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Neurofarba, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical SectionUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMontana State University Bozeman Montana
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMontana State University Bozeman Montana
| | - Samuele Ciattini
- Center of Structural CrystallographyUniversity of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Paola Paoli
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
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16
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Crocetti L, Quinn MT, Schepetkin IA, Giovannoni MP. A patenting perspective on human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors (2014-2018) and their therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:555-578. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1630379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Crocetti
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - MT Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - IA Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - MP Giovannoni
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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17
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Giovannoni MP, Cantini N, Crocetti L, Guerrini G, Iacovone A, Schepetkin IA, Vergelli C, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. Further modifications of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:617-628. [PMID: 31002441 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a potent protease that plays an important physiological role in many processes and is considered to be a multifunctional enzyme. HNE is also involved in a variety of pathologies affecting the respiratory system. Thus, compounds able to inhibit HNE proteolytic activity could represent effective therapeutics. We present here a new series of pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives of our previously reported potent HNE inhibitors. Our results show that position 2 of the pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold must be unsubstituted, and modifications of this position resulted in loss of HNE inhibitory activity. Conversely, the introduction of certain substituents at position 5 was tolerated, with retention of HNE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 15-51 nM) after most substitutions, indicating that bulky and/or lipophilic substituents at position 5 probably interact with the large pocket of the enzyme site and allow Michaelis complex formation. The possibility of Michaelis complex formation between Ser195 and the ligand carbonyl group was assessed by molecular docking, and it was found that highly active HNE inhibitors are characterized by geometries favorable for Michaelis complex formation and by relatively short lengths of the proton transfer channel via the catalytic triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Niccolò Cantini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonella Iacovone
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.,Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
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Baricitinib: A 2018 Novel FDA-Approved Small Molecule Inhibiting Janus Kinases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010037. [PMID: 30871014 PMCID: PMC6469186 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, Baricitinib was approved by the Food and Drig Administration (FDA) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Baricitinib exerts its action by targeting Janus kinases (JAK). In this study, we describe the necessary steps for preparing the drug using two alternative routes.
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