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Hoerres R, Hennkens HM. 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-Based Chelators for the Complexation of [ 186Re]Re- and [ 99mTc]Tc-Tricarbonyl Cores. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20688-20698. [PMID: 37683190 PMCID: PMC10732151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes with the general formula [MI(CO)3(k3-L)]+, where M = Re, 186Re, or 99mTc and L = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN), NOTA, or NODAGA chelators, have previously been conjugated to peptide-based biological targeting vectors and investigated as potential theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. The promising results demonstrated by these bioconjugate complexes prompted our exploration of other TACN-based chelators for suitability for (radio)labeling with the [M(CO)3]+ core. In this work, we investigated the role of the TACN pendant arms in complexation of the [M(CO)3]+ core through (radio)labeling of TACN chelators bearing acid, ester, mixed acid-ester, or no pendant functional groups. The chelators were synthesized from TACN, characterized, and (radio)labeled with nonradioactive Re-, [186Re]Re-, and [99mTc]Tc-tricarbonyl cores. The nonfunctionalized (3), diacid (4), and monoacid monoester (7 and 8) chelators underwent direct labeling, while the diester (M-5 and M-6) complexes required indirect synthesis from M-4. All six chelators demonstrated stable radiometal coordination. The ester-bearing derivatives, which exhibited more lipophilic character than their acid-bearing counterparts, were prone to ester hydrolysis over time, making them less suitable for radiopharmaceutical development. These studies confirmed that the TACN pendant functional groups were key to efficient labeling with the [M(CO)3]+ core, with ionizable pendant arms favored over nonionizable pendant arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hoerres
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Heather M. Hennkens
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Research
Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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2
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Bauer D, Cornejo MA, Hoang TT, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. Click Chemistry and Radiochemistry: An Update. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1925-1950. [PMID: 37737084 PMCID: PMC10655046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The term "click chemistry" describes a class of organic transformations that were developed to make chemical synthesis simpler and easier, in essence allowing chemists to combine molecular subunits as if they were puzzle pieces. Over the last 25 years, the click chemistry toolbox has swelled from the canonical copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to encompass an array of ligations, including bioorthogonal variants, such as the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction. Without question, the rise of click chemistry has impacted all areas of chemical and biological science. Yet the unique traits of radiopharmaceutical chemistry have made it particularly fertile ground for this technology. In this update, we seek to provide a comprehensive guide to recent developments at the intersection of click chemistry and radiopharmaceutical chemistry and to illuminate several exciting trends in the field, including the use of emergent click transformations in radiosynthesis, the clinical translation of novel probes synthesized using click chemistry, and the advent of click-based in vivo pretargeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauer
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Mike A. Cornejo
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University
of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Tran T. Hoang
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University
of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10021, New York United States
- Ph.D.
Program
in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the
City University of New York, New
York, New York 10016, United States
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3
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Rizvi SFA, Ahmad M, Munib F, Zhang H. Preclinical assessment of Alzheimer's disease using novel designed
99m
Tc‐labeled RGD‐based pro‐apoptotic cyclic peptide as a promising SPECT agent. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL) Lahore Pakistan
| | - Farzana Munib
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL) Lahore Pakistan
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
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Al-Mansoori L, Elsinga P, Goda SK. Bio-vehicles of cytotoxic drugs for delivery to tumor specific targets for cancer precision therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112260. [PMID: 34607105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal structural and molecular changes in malignant tissues were thoroughly investigated and utilized to target tumor cells, hence rescuing normal healthy tissues and lowering the unwanted side effects as non-specific cytotoxicity. Various ligands for cancer cell specific markers have been uncovered and inspected for directional delivery of the anti-cancer drug to the tumor site, in addition to diagnostic applications. Over the past few decades research related to the ligand targeted therapy (LTT) increased tremendously aiming to treat various pathologies, mainly cancers with well exclusive markers. Malignant tumors are known to induce elevated levels of a variety of proteins and peptides known as cancer "markers" as certain antigens (e.g., Prostate specific membrane antigen "PSMA", carcinoembryonic antigen "CEA"), receptors (folate receptor, somatostatin receptor), integrins (Integrin αvβ3) and cluster of differentiation molecules (CD13). The choice of an appropriate marker to be targeted and the design of effective ligand-drug conjugate all has to be carefully selected to generate the required therapeutic effect. Moreover, since some tumors express aberrantly high levels of more than one marker, some approaches investigated targeting cancer cells with more than one ligand (dual or multi targeting). We aim in this review to report an update on the cancer-specific receptors and the vehicles to deliver cytotoxic drugs, including recent advancements on nano delivery systems and their implementation in targeted cancer therapy. We will discuss the advantages and limitations facing this approach and possible solutions to mitigate these obstacles. To achieve the said aim a literature search in electronic data bases (PubMed and others) using keywords "Cancer specific receptors, cancer specific antibody, tumor specific peptide carriers, cancer overexpressed proteins, gold nanotechnology and gold nanoparticles in cancer treatment" was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Al-Mansoori
- Qatar University, Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Philip Elsinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sayed K Goda
- Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Giza, Egypt; University of Derby, College of Science and Engineering, Derby, UK.
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Lengacher R, Braband H, Csucker J, Alberto R. Convenient Cyclopentadiene Modifications for Building Versatile (Radio‐)Metal Cyclopentadienyl Frameworks. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Lengacher
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Henrik Braband
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Joshua Csucker
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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SPECT Imaging of SST2-Expressing Tumors with 99mTc-Based Somatostatin Receptor Antagonists: The Role of Tetraamine, HYNIC, and Spacers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040300. [PMID: 33800582 PMCID: PMC8065591 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-TOC is the most widely used 99mTc-labeled somatostatin receptor (SST) agonist for the SPECT imaging of SST-expressing tumors, such as neuroendocrine tumors. Recently, radiolabeled SST antagonists have shown improved diagnostic efficacy over agonists. 99mTc-labeled SST antagonists are lacking in clinical practice. Surprisingly, when [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC was conjugated to the SST2 antagonist SS01, SST2 imaging was not feasible. This was not the case when [99mTc]Tc-N4 was conjugated to SS01. Here, we assessed the introduction of different spacers (X: β-Ala, Ahx, Aun and PEG4) among HYNIC and SS01 with the aim of restoring the affinity of HYNIC conjugates. In addition, we used the alternative antagonist JR11 for determining the suitability of HYNIC with 99mTc-labeled SST2 antagonists. We performed a head-to-head comparison of the N4 conjugates of SS01 and JR11. [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-TOC was used as a reference, and HEK-SST2 cells were used for in vitro and in vivo evaluation. EDDA was used as a co-ligand for all [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC conjugates. The introduction of Ahx restored, to a great extent, the SST2-mediated cellular uptake of the [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-X conjugates (X: spacer), albeit lower than the corresponding [99mTc]Tc-N4-conjugates. SPECT/CT images showed that all 99mTc-labeled conjugates accumulated in the tumor and kidneys with [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PEG4-SS01, [99mTc]Tc-N4-SS01 and [99mTc]Tc-N4-JR11 having notably higher kidney uptake. Biodistribution studies showed similar or better tumor-to-non-tumor ratios for the [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Ahx conjugates, compared to the [99mTc]Tc-N4 counterparts. The [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-Ahx conjugates of SS01 and JR11 were comparable to [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-TOC as imaging agents. HYNIC is a suitable chelator for the development of 99mTc-labeled SST2 antagonists when a spacer of appropriate length, such as Ahx, is used.
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Mikulová MB, Mikuš P. Advances in Development of Radiometal Labeled Amino Acid-Based Compounds for Cancer Imaging and Diagnostics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:167. [PMID: 33669938 PMCID: PMC7924883 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled biomolecules targeted at tumor-specific enzymes, receptors, and transporters in cancer cells represent an intensively investigated and promising class of molecular tools for the cancer diagnosis and therapy. High specificity of such biomolecules is a prerequisite for the treatment with a lower burden to normal cells and for the effective and targeted imaging and diagnosis. Undoubtedly, early detection is a key factor in efficient dealing with many severe tumor types. This review provides an overview and critical evaluation of novel approaches in the designing of target-specific probes labeled with metal radionuclides for the diagnosis of most common death-causing cancers, published mainly within the last three years. Advances are discussed such traditional peptide radiolabeling approaches, and click and nanoparticle chemistry. The progress of radiolabeled peptide based ligands as potential radiopharmaceuticals is illustrated via novel structure and application studies, showing how the molecular modifications reflect their binding selectivity to significant onco-receptors, toxicity, and, by that, practical utilization. The most impressive outputs in categories of newly developed structures, as well as imaging and diagnosis approaches, and the most intensively studied oncological diseases in this context, are emphasized in order to show future perspectives of radiometal labeled amino acid-based compounds in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Bodnár Mikulová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center (TAC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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8
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Duatti A. Review on 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals with emphasis on new advancements. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:202-216. [PMID: 32475681 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid imaging acquisition, high spatial resolution and sensitivity, powered by advancements in solid-state detector technology, are significantly changing the perspective of single photon emission tomography (SPECT). In particular, this evolutionary step is fueling a rediscovery of technetium-99m, a still unique radionuclide within the nuclear medicine scenario because of its ideal nuclear properties and easy preparation of its radiopharmaceuticals that does not require a costly infrastructure and complex procedures. Scope of this review is to show that the arsenal of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals is already equipped with imaging agents that may complement and integrate the role played by analogous tracers developed for positron emission tomography (PET). These include, in particular, somatostatin (SST) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) receptor targeting agents, and a number of peptide-derived radiopharmaceuticals. Additionally, these recent technological developments, combined with new myocardial perfusion tracers having more favorable biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties as compared to current commercial agents, may also reinvigorate the prevailing position still hold by technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Duatti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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9
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Fani M, Weingaertner V, Kolenc Peitl P, Mansi R, Gaonkar RH, Garnuszek P, Mikolajczak R, Novak D, Simoncic U, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Rangger C, Kaeopookum P, Decristoforo C. Selection of the First 99mTc-Labelled Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Antagonist for Clinical Translation-Preclinical Assessment of Two Optimized Candidates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:19. [PMID: 33379299 PMCID: PMC7824897 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, radiolabelled antagonists targeting somatostatin receptors subtype 2 (SST2) in neuroendocrine neoplasms demonstrated certain superior properties over agonists. Within the ERA-PerMED project "TECANT" two 99mTc-Tetramine (N4)-derivatized SST2 antagonists (TECANT-1 and TECANT-2) were studied for the selection of the best candidate for clinical translation. Receptor-affinity, internalization and dissociation studies were performed in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK293) cells transfected with the human SST2 (HEK-SST2). Log D, protein binding and stability in human serum were assessed. Biodistribution and SPECT/CT studies were carried out in nude mice bearing HEK-SST2 xenografts, together with dosimetric estimations from mouse-to-man. [99mTc]Tc-TECANT-1 showed higher hydrophilicity and lower protein binding than [99mTc]-TECANT-2, while stability was comparable. Both radiotracers revealed similar binding affinity, while [99mTc]Tc-TECANT-1 had higher cellular uptake (>50%, at 2 h/37 °C) and lower dissociation rate (<30%, at 2 h/37 °C). In vivo, [99mTc]Tc-TECANT-1 showed lower blood values, kidney and muscles uptake, whereas tumour uptake was comparable to [99mTc]Tc-TECANT-2. SPECT/CT imaging confirmed the biodistribution results, providing the best tumour-to-background image contrast for [99mTc]Tc-TECANT-1 at 4 h post-injection (p.i.). The estimated radiation dose amounted to approximately 6 µSv/MBq for both radiotracers. This preclinical study provided the basis of selection of [99mTc]Tc-TECANT-1 for clinical translation of the first 99mTc-based SST2 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Fani
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Universitätsspital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.G.)
| | - Viktoria Weingaertner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.W.); (C.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Petra Kolenc Peitl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.P.); (D.N.)
| | - Rosalba Mansi
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Universitätsspital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.G.)
| | - Raghuvir H. Gaonkar
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Universitätsspital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (M.F.); (R.M.); (R.H.G.)
| | - Piotr Garnuszek
- Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Renata Mikolajczak
- Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (P.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Doroteja Novak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.P.); (D.N.)
| | - Urban Simoncic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | | | - Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.W.); (C.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Piriya Kaeopookum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.W.); (C.R.); (P.K.)
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.W.); (C.R.); (P.K.)
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Świtlicka A, Choroba K, Szlapa-Kula A, Machura B, Erfurt K. Experimental and theoretical insights into spectroscopy and electrochemistry of Re(I) carbonyl with oxazoline-based ligand. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Makris G, Kuchuk M, Gallazzi F, Jurisson SS, Smith CJ, Hennkens HM. Somatostatin receptor targeting with hydrophilic [99mTc/186Re]Tc/Re-tricarbonyl NODAGA and NOTA complexes. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 71:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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