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A Varon H, Santos P, Lopez-Vallejo F, Y Soto C. Novel scaffolds targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis plasma membrane Ca 2+ transporter CtpF by structure-based strategy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106648. [PMID: 37315451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CtpF is a Ca2+ transporter P-type ATPase key to the response to stress conditions and to Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence, therefore, an interesting target for the design of novel anti-Mtb compounds. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of four previously identified CtpF inhibitors allowed recognizing the key protein-ligand (P-L) interactions, which were then used to perform a pharmacophore-based virtual screening (PBVS) of 22 million compounds from ZINCPharmer. The top-rated compounds were then subjected to molecular docking, and their scores were refined by MM-GBSA calculations. In vitro assays showed that ZINC04030361 (Compound 7) was the best promising candidate, showing a MIC of 25.0 μg/mL, inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity (IC50) of 3.3 μM, cytotoxic activity of 27.2 %, and hemolysis of red blood cells lower than 0.2 %. Interestingly, the ctpF gene is upregulated in the presence of compound 7, compared to other alkali/alkaline P-type ATPases coding genes, strongly suggesting that CtpF is a compound 7-specific target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Varon
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 N° 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Santos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 N° 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabian Lopez-Vallejo
- Departamento de Física y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Manizales, Kilómetro 9 vía al aeropuerto, La Nubia, Manizales 170003, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Y Soto
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 N° 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
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Mancipe JC, Vargas-Pinto P, Rodríguez OE, Borrego-Muñoz P, Castellanos Londoño I, Ramírez D, Piñeros LG, Mejía MC, Pombo LM. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Izalpinin Derived from Chromolaena leivensis: λ-Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema and In Silico Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093722. [PMID: 37175132 PMCID: PMC10179959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid izalpinin was isolated from the aerial parts of Chromolaena leivensis. Its structural determination was carried out using MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C). This compound was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effect in a rat model on λ-carrageenan-induced plantar edema. Paw inflammation was measured at one-hour intervals for seven hours following the administration of λ-carrageenan. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were evaluated, obtaining statistically significant results with the treatments at doses of 10 mg/kg (* p < 0.01) and 20 mg/kg (** p < 0.005). The anti-inflammatory effect of the compound was evaluated by using plethysmography, and the results showed significant differences at the three concentrations (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) in the first and third hours after treatment. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001 vs. the negative control group treated with vehicle (DMSO). Lastly, molecular docking analyses reveal that izalpinin has a strong binding affinity with five target proteins involved in the inflammatory process. The analysis using molecular dynamics allowed demonstrating that the ligand-protein complexes present acceptable stability, with RMSD values within the allowed range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mancipe
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá 110141, Colombia
| | - Pedro Vargas-Pinto
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá 110141, Colombia
| | - Oscar E Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
- Escuela de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Juan N. Corpas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | | | | | - David Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Luis G Piñeros
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | | | - Luis M Pombo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
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Borrego-Muñoz P, Becerra LD, Ospina F, Coy-Barrera E, Quiroga D. Synthesis ( Z) vs ( E) Selectivity, Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum, and Structure-Based Virtual Screening of Novel Schiff Bases Derived from l-Tryptophan. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24714-24726. [PMID: 35874194 PMCID: PMC9301946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Schiff bases are widely used molecules due to their potential biological activity. In this manuscript, we presented the synthesis and NMR study of new enamine Schiff bases derived from l-tryptophan, showing that the Z-form of the enamine is the main tautomeric form for aliphatic precursors. The DFT-B3LYP methodology at the 6-311+G**(d,p) level suggested that the tautomeric imine forms are less stable than the corresponding enamine forms. Their isomerism depends on the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and steric factors associated with the starting carbonyl precursors. The in vitro biological activity tests against Fusarium oxysporum revealed that acetylacetone derivatives are the most active agents (IC50 < 0.9 mM); however, the antifungal activity could be disfavored by bulky groups on ester and enamine moieties. Finally, the structure-based virtual screening through molecular docking and MM-GBSA rescoring revealed that Schiff bases 3e, 3g, and 3j behave putatively as binders for target proteins involved in the life processes of F. oxysporum. In this sense, molecular dynamics analysis showed that the ligand-protein complexes have good stability with root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values within the allowed range. Therefore, the present study paves the way for designing new antifungal compounds based on l-tryptophan-derived Schiff bases.
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The ctpF Gene Encoding a Calcium P-Type ATPase of the Plasma Membrane Contributes to Full Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116015. [PMID: 35682696 PMCID: PMC9180918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of alternative attenuation targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is pivotal for designing new candidates for live attenuated anti-tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. In this context, the CtpF P-type ATPase of Mtb is an interesting target; specifically, this plasma membrane enzyme is involved in calcium transporting and response to oxidative stress. We found that a mutant of MtbH37Rv lacking ctpF expression (MtbΔctpF) displayed impaired proliferation in mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S) during in vitro infection. Further, the levels of tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma in MH-S cells infected with MtbΔctpF were similar to those of cells infected with the parental strain, suggesting preservation of the immunogenic capacity. In addition, BALB/c mice infected with Mtb∆ctpF showed median survival times of 84 days, while mice infected with MtbH37Rv survived 59 days, suggesting reduced virulence of the mutant strain. Interestingly, the expression levels of ctpF in a mouse model of latent TB were significantly higher than in a mouse model of progressive TB, indicating that ctpF is involved in Mtb persistence in the dormancy state. Finally, the possibility of complementary mechanisms that counteract deficiencies in Ca2+ transport mediated by P-type ATPases is suggested. Altogether, our results demonstrate that CtpF could be a potential target for Mtb attenuation.
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Garg R, Borbora SM, Bansia H, Rao S, Singh P, Verma R, Balaji KN, Nagaraja V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Calcium Pump CtpF Modulates the Autophagosome in an mTOR-Dependent Manner. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:461. [PMID: 33042857 PMCID: PMC7525011 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is a very important second messenger, whose concentration in various cellular compartments is under tight regulation. A disturbance in the levels of calcium in these compartments can play havoc in the cell, as it regulates various cellular processes by direct or indirect mechanisms. Here, we have investigated the functional importance of a calcium transporting P2A ATPase, CtpF of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the pathogen's interaction with the host. Among its uncanny ways of dealing with the host with umpteen strategies for survival and persistence in humans, CtpF is identified as a new player. The levels of ctpF are upregulated in macrophage stresses like hypoxia, high nitric oxide levels and acidic pH. Using confocal microscopy and fluorimetry, we show that CtpF effluxes calcium in macrophages in early stages of Mtb infection. Downregulation of ctpF expression by conditional knockdown resulted in perturbation of host calcium levels and consequent decreased activation of mTOR. We present a mechanism how calcium efflux by the pathogen inhibits mTOR-dependent autophagy and enhances bacterial survival. Our work highlights how Mtb engages its metal efflux pumps to exploit host autophagic process for its proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Salik Miskat Borbora
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Harsh Bansia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sandhya Rao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Prakruti Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rinkee Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
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