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Ahmad G, Sohail M, Bilal M, Rasool N, Qamar MU, Ciurea C, Marceanu LG, Misarca C. N-Heterocycles as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:2232. [PMID: 38792094 PMCID: PMC11123935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a real threat to every organism at any stage of life leading to extensive infections and casualties. N-heterocycles can affect the viral life cycle at many points, including viral entrance into host cells, viral genome replication, and the production of novel viral species. Certain N-heterocycles can also stimulate the host's immune system, producing antiviral cytokines and chemokines that can stop the reproduction of viruses. This review focused on recent five- or six-membered synthetic N-heterocyclic molecules showing antiviral activity through SAR analyses. The review will assist in identifying robust scaffolds that might be utilized to create effective antiviral drugs with either no or few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulraiz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Codrut Ciurea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| | - Luigi Geo Marceanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| | - Catalin Misarca
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
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Lane T, Makarov V, Nelson JAE, Meeker RB, Sanna G, Riabova O, Kazakova E, Monakhova N, Tsedilin A, Urbina F, Jones T, Suchy A, Ekins S. N-Phenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine as a New Class of HIV-1 Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6193-6217. [PMID: 37130343 PMCID: PMC10269403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) healthcare, turning it from a terminal to a potentially chronic disease, although some patients can develop severe comorbidities. These include neurological complications, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which result in cognitive and/or motor function symptoms. We now describe the discovery, synthesis, and evaluation of a new class of N-phenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) aimed at avoiding HAND. The most promising molecule, 12126065, exhibited antiviral activity against wild-type HIV-1 in TZM cells (EC50 = 0.24 nM) with low in vitro cytotoxicity (CC50 = 4.8 μM) as well as retained activity against clinically relevant HIV mutants. 12126065 also demonstrated no in vivo acute or subacute toxicity, good in vivo brain penetration, and minimal neurotoxicity in mouse neurons up to 10 μM, with a 50% toxicity concentration (TC50) of >100 μM, well below its EC50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab, 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Leninsky Prospekt 33-2, 119071, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Julie A. E. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Rick B. Meeker
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, NC 27514, USA
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042, Italy
| | - Olga Riabova
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Leninsky Prospekt 33-2, 119071, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elena Kazakova
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Leninsky Prospekt 33-2, 119071, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Natalia Monakhova
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Leninsky Prospekt 33-2, 119071, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey Tsedilin
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, Leninsky Prospekt 33-2, 119071, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Fabio Urbina
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab, 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Thane Jones
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab, 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ashley Suchy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab, 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Deng C, Yan H, Wang J, Liu K, Liu BS, Shi YM. Current scenario on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2018-present). ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Hajiarab R, Shafiee MRM, Ghashang M. Preparation of Thiazolidin-4-ones Using NiFe 2O 4@SiO 2 Grafted Propylsulfonic Acid as an Efficient Catalyst. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2033064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Hajiarab
- Department of Chemistry, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Ghashang
- Department of Chemistry, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
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Popović-Djordjević J, Quispe C, Giordo R, Kostić A, Katanić Stanković JS, Tsouh Fokou PV, Carbone K, Martorell M, Kumar M, Pintus G, Sharifi-Rad J, Docea AO, Calina D. Natural products and synthetic analogues against HIV: A perspective to develop new potential anti-HIV drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hajiarab R, Mohammad Shafiee MR, Ghashang M. Access to a Library of 3-(9-Methyl-9H-Carbazol-3-yl)-2-Arylthiazolidin-4-One Derivatives Using NiFe2O4@SiO2 Grafted Alkyl Sulfonic Acid as an Efficient Catalyst. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2039231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Hajiarab
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Ghashang
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran
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Recent studies of nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds as novel antiviral agents: A review. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105076. [PMID: 34157555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocycles are important, not only because of their abundance, but above all because of their chemical, biological and technical significance. They play an important role in biological investigation such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, antidiabetic, etc. In this study, we focused on examining synthesized some 5- or 6-ring N-heterocyclic compounds that showed the antiviral activity in last 5 years, and investigation of these compounds structure-activity relationship studies. This review will be useful to scientists in research fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology.
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Senatore R, Malik M, Touqeer S, Listro R, Collina S, Holzer W, Pace V. Straightforward and direct access to β-seleno- amines and sulfonylamides via the controlled addition of phenylselenomethyllithium (LiCH2SePh) to imines. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Synthetic ( E)-3-Phenyl-5-(phenylamino)-2-styryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-ium Chloride Derivatives as Promising Chemotherapy Agents on Cell Lines Infected with HTLV-1. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112537. [PMID: 32486038 PMCID: PMC7321218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of four compounds belonging to mesoionic class, (E)-3-phenyl-5-(phenylamino)-2-styryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-ium chloride derivatives (5a–d) and their biological evaluation against MT2 and C92 cell lines infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), which causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and non-infected cell lines (Jurkat) are reported. The compounds were obtained by convergent synthesis under microwave irradiation and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Results showed IC50 values of all compounds in the range of 1.51–7.70 μM in HTLV-1-infected and non-infected cells. Furthermore, it was observed that 5b could induce necrosis after 24 h for Jurkat and MT2 cell lines. The experimental (fluorimetric method) and theoretical (molecular docking) results suggested that the mechanism of action for 5b could be related to its capacity to intercalate into DNA. Moreover, the preliminary pharmacokinetic profile of the studied compounds (5a–d) was obtained through human serum albumin (HSA) binding affinity using multiple spectroscopic techniques (circular dichroism, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence), zeta potential and molecular docking calculations. The interaction HSA:5a–d is spontaneous and moderate (Ka ~ 104 M−1) via a ground-state association, without significantly perturbing both the secondary and surface structures of the albumin in the subdomain IIA (site I), indicating feasible biodistribution in the human bloodstream.
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