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Gao Y, Li F, Wang Y, Chen Z, Li Z. An artificial multienzyme cascade for the whole-cell synthesis of rare ketoses from glycerol. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1355-1364. [PMID: 37486554 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In our previous study, we constructed a one-pot multi-enzyme system for rare ketoses synthesis based on L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhaD) from accessible glycerol in vitro. To eliminate tedious purification of enzymes, a facile Escherichia coli whole-cell cascade platform was established in this study. METHODS To enhance the conversion rate, the reaction conditions, substrate concentrations and expressions of related enzymes were extensively optimized. RESULTS The biosynthetic route for the cascade synthesis of rare ketoses in whole cells was successfully constructed and three rare ketoses including D-allulose, D-sorbose and L-fructose were produced using glycerol and D/L-glyceraldehyde (GA). Under optimized conditions, the conversion rates of rare ketoses were 85.0% and 93.0% using D-GA and L-GA as the receptor, respectively. Furthermore, alditol oxidase (AldO) was introduced to the whole-cell system to generate D-GA from glycerol, and the total production yield of D-sorbose and D-allulose was 8.2 g l-1 only from the sole carbon source glycerol. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a feasible and cost-efficient method for rare sugars synthesis and can also be applied to the green synthesis of other value-added chemicals from glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Gao Y, Chen Z, Nakanishi H, Li Z. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Rare Sugars from Glycerol in Endotoxin-Free ClearColi by Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:3078. [PMID: 37628077 PMCID: PMC10453619 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars possess potential applications as low-calorie sweeteners, especially for anti-obesity and anti-diabetes. In this study, a fermentation biosystem based on the "DHAP-dependent aldolases strategy" was established for D-allulose and D-sorbose production from glycerol in endotoxin-free ClearColi BL21 (DE3). Several engineering strategies were adopted to enhance rare sugar production. Firstly, the combination of different plasmids for aldO, rhaD, and yqaB expression was optimized. Then, the artificially constructed ribosomal binding site (RBS) libraries of aldO, rhaD, and yqaB genes were assembled individually and combinatorially. In addition, a peroxidase was overexpressed to eliminate the damage or toxicity from hydrogen peroxide generated by alditol oxidase (AldO). Finally, stepwise improvements in rare sugar synthesis were elevated to 15.01 g/L with a high yield of 0.75 g/g glycerol in a 3 L fermenter. This research enables the effective production of rare sugars from raw glycerol in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Long BHD, Matsubara K, Tanaka T, Ohara H, Aso Y. Production of glycerate from glucose using engineered Escherichiacoli. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:375-381. [PMID: 36841726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, glycerate was produced from glucose using engineered Escherichia coli BW25113. Plasmid pSR3 carrying gpd1 and gpp2 encoding two isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plasmid pLB2 carrying aldO encoding alditol oxidase from Streptomyces violaceoruber were introduced into E. coli to enable the production of glycerate from glucose via glycerol. Disruptions of garK and glxK genes in the E. coli genome were performed to minimize the consumption of glycerate produced. As a result, E. coli carrying these plasmids could produce nearly three times higher concentration of glycerate (0.50 ± 0.01 g/L) from 10 g/L glucose compared to E. coli EG_2 (0.14 ± 0.02 g/L). In M9 medium, disruption of garK and glxK resulted in an impaired growth rate with low production of glycerate, while supplementation of 0.5 g/L casamino acids and 0.5 g/L manganese sulfate to the medium replenished the growth rate and elevated the glycerate titer. Further disruption of glpF, encoding a glycerol transporter, increased the glycerate production to 0.80 ± 0.00 g/L. MR2 medium improved the glycerate production titers and specific productivities of E. coli EG_4, EG_5, and EG_6. Upscale production of glycerate was carried out in a jar fermentor with MR2 medium using E. coli EG_6, resulting in an improvement in glycerate production up to 2.37 ± 0.46 g/L with specific productivity at 0.34 ± 0.11 g-glycerate/g-cells. These results indicate that E. coli is an appropriate host for glycerate production from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Hoang Dang Long
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsubara
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ohara
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Aso
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Hashigami-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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Chen Z, Gao XD, Li Z. Recent Advances Regarding the Physiological Functions and Biosynthesis of D-Allulose. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881037. [PMID: 35495640 PMCID: PMC9048046 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose, a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) sugar, is rare in nature. It is among the most promising sweeteners for future use due to its low caloric content, sucrose-like taste, and unique functions. D-Allulose has many physiological effects, such as antiobesity, antihyperglycemia, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, D-allulose has important application value in the food, pharmaceutical, and healthcare industries. However, the high cost of D-allulose production limits its large-scale application. Currently, biotransformation is very attractive for D-allulose synthesis, with the two main methods of biosynthesis being the Izumoring strategy and the DHAP-dependent aldolase strategy. This article reviews recent advances regarding the physiological functions and biosynthesis of D-allulose. In addition, future perspectives on the production of D-allulose are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Yamamoto K, Suganomata Y, Inoue T, Kuriyama M, Demizu Y, Onomura O. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidative Desymmetrization of 2-Substituted 1,2,3-Triols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6479-6491. [PMID: 35468286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric oxidative desymmetrization of 2-substituted glycerols has been achieved by using a new chiral bisoxazoline ligand/copper catalyst system with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and MeOH. The present transformation smoothly proceeds with readily accessible 2-(hetero)aryl- and alkyl-substituted glycerols and provides straightforward access toward various glycerate derivatives in good to high yields with high enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of the present protocol was demonstrated by the transformation of the optically active glycerol into a glyceraldehyde derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yu Suganomata
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takumi Inoue
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Masami Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Osamu Onomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Chen Z, Fei K, Hu Y, Xu X, Gao XD, Li Z. Identification of a Novel Alditol Oxidase from Thermopolyspora flexuosa with Potential Application in D-Glyceric Acid Production. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:804-813. [PMID: 35129810 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol is a potential sustainable feedstock, and biorefining processes to convert glycerol into value-added chemicals have been developed over the past decade. Alditol oxidase (AldO) is capable of selectively oxidizing the primary hydroxyl groups of alditols such as glycerol. In this study, a new FAD-binding protein from Thermopolyspora flexuosa was expressed and identified as a novel alditol oxidase (AldOT. fle). AldOT. fle displayed the optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 25 °C. AldOT. fle was not metal-dependent, but the activity was completely inhibited by Fe3+. AldOT. fle had a wide substrate specificity and high catalytic efficiency for glycerol. Furthermore, the recombinant AldOT. fle could produce D-glyceric acid from glycerol with a conversion rate ranging from 86.6% (5 mM glycerol) to 20.5% (500 mM glycerol). The recombinant E. coli with AldOT. fle could also produce 23.8 mM D-glyceric acid from 100 mM glycerol. The recombinant AldOT. fle had the potential to produce other aldehyde products by selectively oxidizing the hydroxyl groups of alditols and many other commodity chemicals by redesigning glycerol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kangqing Fei
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yangfan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Zaozhuang Jienuo Enzyme Co., Ltd, Zaozhuang, 277100, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Savino S, Fraaije MW. The vast repertoire of carbohydrate oxidases: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 51:107634. [PMID: 32961251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are widely abundant molecules present in a variety of forms. For their biosynthesis and modification, nature has evolved a plethora of carbohydrate-acting enzymes. Many of these enzymes are of particular interest for biotechnological applications, where they can be used as biocatalysts or biosensors. Among the enzymes catalysing conversions of carbohydrates are the carbohydrate oxidases. These oxidative enzymes belong to different structural families and use different cofactors to perform the oxidation reaction of CH-OH bonds in carbohydrates. The variety of carbohydrate oxidases available in nature reflects their specificity towards different sugars and selectivity of the oxidation site. Thanks to their properties, carbohydrate oxidases have received a lot of attention in basic and applied research, such that nowadays their role in biotechnological processes is of paramount importance. In this review we provide an overview of the available knowledge concerning the known carbohydrate oxidases. The oxidases are first classified according to their structural features. After a description on their mechanism of action, substrate acceptance and characterisation, we report on the engineering of the different carbohydrate oxidases to enhance their employment in biocatalysis and biotechnology. In the last part of the review we highlight some practical applications for which such enzymes have been exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Savino
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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