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Ahmed N, Asif S, Arfan M, Mahmood Q, Islam A, Gatasheh MK, Zia M. Synthesis and Characterization of Short α and β-Mixed Peptides with Excellent Anti-Lipase Activities. Molecules 2024; 29:765. [PMID: 38398517 PMCID: PMC10892623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a source of significant pathologies and deadly diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. One of the most intriguing strategies in the hunt for new anti-obesity medications is the inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL). This study presents a novel application of short α and β-mixed peptides as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. These peptides were synthesized in the solution phase and characterized using FTIR and 1H-NMR. L-proline is present in a high percentage of natural anti-lipase peptides and was used as a β-amino acid in this study to enhance anti-lipase activity and proteolytic stability. Moreover, L-α-proline was converted to β-amino acid derivatives using the Arndt-Eistert method with the advantage of stereo control at the α-carbon. The synthesized peptides with anti-lipase activity are N-Boc-β-Pro-Gly-OBz (93%), N-Boc-O-Bz-Tyr-β-Pro-β-Pro-Gly-OBz (92%), N-Boc-O-Bz-Tyr-β-Pro-COOH (91%), N-Boc-Phe-β-Pro-OCH3 (90%), and N-Boc-O-Bz-Tyr-β-Pro-OCH3 (89%). These peptides may function as lead molecules for further modification to more significant molecules, which can help control obesity.
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Grants
- RSP2024R393 King Saud University
- 9ebfe58b5d63cfdf,0fc4036025155e1a,3a852f3e85a2433b,ffc04817768e29d8,1eae9545a3244bed,db5d8742b53a782c,fc9of098bf237c77,8ce5883758852285 Qaiser Mahmood
- 0bb1baa309ebdbb0,6a5aa5d7ed313e53,61843063f3444df7,58875d947b81e726,615b239e803be0b0,45e50be7ef0245f1,c5d9a4fe383b609e,0ceab0ce3ca2061e Amjad Islam
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Sabahat Asif
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Arfan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Qaiser Mahmood
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China;
| | - Amjad Islam
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structured Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Mansour K. Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
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2
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Thi Vo CV, Thanh Nguyen T, Ngoc Dang T, Quoc Dao M, Thao Vo V, Thi Tran O, Thanh Vu L, Tran TD. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of alkoxyaurones as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 98:129574. [PMID: 38052378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Aurones are a minor subgroup of flavonoids. Unlike other subgroups such as chalcones, flavones, and isoflavones, aurones have not been extensively explored as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. In this work, we studied the pancreatic lipase inhibitory potency of synthetic aurone derivatives. Thirty-six compounds belonging to four series (4,6-dihydroxyaurone, 6-hydroxyaurone, 4,6-dialkoxyaurone, and 6-alkoxyaurone) were designed and synthesized. Their in vitro inhibitory activities were determined by spectrophotometric assay in comparison with quercetin and orlistat. Alkoxyaurone derivatives with long-chain (6-10 carbons) alkoxy substituents showed greater potency. Of them, 4,6-dialkoxyaurone 8 displayed the highest activity against pancreatic lipase (IC50 of 1.945 ± 0.520 µM) relative to quercetin (IC50 of 86.98 ± 3.859 µM) and orlistat (IC50 of 0.0334 ± 0.0015 µM). Fluorescence quenching measurement confirmed the affinity of alkoxyaurone derivatives to pancreatic lipase. Kinetic study showed that 8 inhibited lipase through a competitive mechanism (Ki of 1.288 ± 0.282 µM). Molecular docking results clarified the role of long-chain substituents on ring A in interacting with the hydrophobic pockets and pushing the inhibitor molecule closer to the catalytic triad. The findings in this study may contribute to the development of better pancreatic lipase inhibitors with aurone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam-Van Thi Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Trang Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thien Ngoc Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Manh Quoc Dao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Vy Thao Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Oanh Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Loc Thanh Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
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3
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Korkmaz A, Kurtay G, Kaya E, Bursal E. Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, in vitro pancreatic lipase as well as tyrosinase inhibition evaluations and in silico analysis of novel aryl sulfonate-naphthalene hybrids. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7128-7143. [PMID: 36069113 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2116600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary purposes of this study is to synthesize new aryl sulfonate-naphthalene hybrid structures possessing divergent electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing functional groups. Following the improved reaction conditions, we successfully gathered ten distinct sulfonate derivatives (3a-j) with good yields. The synthesized naphthalene-based sulfonate derivatives were then characterized using appropriate analytical methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS, and elemental analysis). Additionally, in vitro and in silico enzyme inhibitory properties of the prepared aryl sulfonate-naphthalene hybrid structures were evaluated against pancreatic lipase and tyrosinase enzymes. Corresponding in vitro enzyme activity investigations revealed that the produced compounds inhibit pancreatic lipase and tyrosinase enzymes significantly. According to the lowest IC50 values, 3h (95.3 ± 4.0 µM) demonstrated the most effective inhibition against pancreatic lipase, whereas 3a (40.8 ± 3.3 µM) was found as the most effective inhibition against the tyrosinase. According to in silico studies, 3a exhibited the highest affinity value (-9.9 kcal/mol) against pancreatic lipase, whereas 3f demonstrated the best affinity value (-8.7 kcal/mol) against tyrosinase.Furthermore, we investigated various structural and physicochemical properties of the target molecules, namely frontier orbital' (HOMO, LUMO, and bandgap) energies (including their corresponding contour plots), global reactivity descriptors (ionization energy and electron affinity), and electronegativity values gathered from ground-state (GS) density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These investigations demonstrated that the observed electrostatic interactions effectively contributed to the studied molecules' experimentally demonstrated enzyme inhibition potential. Also, ADMET studies were evaluated to enlighten the molecular interactions of the compounds with the enzymes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Korkmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Gülbin Kurtay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Kaya
- Faculty of Education, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Ercan Bursal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
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Rocha S, Rufino AT, Freitas M, Silva AMS, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Methodologies for Assessing Pancreatic Lipase Catalytic Activity: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37335098 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2221731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions with a concerning increasing trend. Regarded as one of the main sources of energy, lipids can also represent a big part of an unnecessary intake of calories and be, therefore, directly related to the problem of obesity. Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that is essential in the absorption and digestion of dietary fats and has been explored as an alternative for the reduction of fat absorption and consequent weigh loss.Literature describes a great variability of methodologies and experimental conditions used in research to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds against pancreatic lipase. However, in an attempt to choose the best approach, it is necessary to know all the reaction conditions and understand how these can affect the enzymatic assay.The objective of this review is to understand and summarize the methodologies and respective experimental conditions that are mainly used to evaluate pancreatic lipase catalytic activity.156 studies were included in this work and a detailed description of the most commonly used UV/Vis spectrophotometric and fluorimetric instrumental techniques are presented, including a discussion regarding the differences found in the parameters used in both techniques, namely enzyme, substrate, buffer solutions, kinetics conditions, temperature and pH.This works shows that both UV/Vis spectrophotometry and fluorimetry are useful instrumental techniques for the evaluation of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity, presenting several advantages and limitations, which make the choice of parameters and experimental conditions a crucial decision to obtain the most reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Hou FB, Zhang N, Hou XD, Liu W, Fan YF, Zhu GH, Wu Y, Sun MR, Zhao B, Ge GB, Wang P. A rationally engineered specific near-infrared fluorogenic substrate of human pancreatic lipase for functional imaging and inhibitor screening. Analyst 2023; 148:2225-2236. [PMID: 37092796 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, now widespread all over the world, is frequently associated with several chronic diseases. Human pancreatic lipase (hPL) is a crucial digestive enzyme responsible for the digestion of dietary lipids in humans, and the inhibition of hPL is effective in reducing triglyceride intake and thus preventing and treating obesity. In this work, a practical sequential screening strategy was developed to construct a highly selective near-infrared fluorogenic substrate 7-STCFC for hPL. Under physiological conditions, 7-STCFC can be rapidly hydrolyzed by hPL to form 7-HTCFC, which triggers 254-fold NIR signal enhancement at 670 nm. 7-STCFC was successfully applied for the sensing and imaging of endogenous PL in living systems (including living cells, tissues and organs) with low cytotoxicity and high imaging resolution. Moreover, a high-throughput screening platform was established using 7-STCFC, and the inhibitory effects of 94 kinds of herbs toward hPL were evaluated. Among them, Pu-erh tea stood out with outstanding hPL inhibitory effects, and the inhibitory ingredients and involved inhibitory mechanism were further revealed, which strongly facilitates the discovery of novel anti-obesity agents targeting hPL. Collectively, these findings suggested that our strategy was practical to develop an isoform-specific fluorogenic substrate for a target enzyme, and 7-STCFC was a powerful tool for monitoring PL activity in complex biological systems with value for exploring physiological functions and rapid screening of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Bin Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Xu-Dong Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Meng-Ru Sun
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bei Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Shi JH, Zhao B, Song LL, Song YQ, Sun MR, Tian T, Chen HY, Song YQ, Sun JM, Ge GB. Chalcone derivatives as novel, potent and selective inhibitors against human Notum: Structure–activity relationships and biological evaluations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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7
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Valoy A, Alarcón G, Roco J, Zampini C, Isla MI, Jerez S. A Flavonoid-rich Zuccagnia punctata Extract Prevents High Fat Diet-induced Normal Weight Obesity in a Rabbit Model. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:245-253. [PMID: 35789995 DOI: 10.1055/a-1891-3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of rich in flavonoids hydroalcoholic extract from Zuccagnia punctata (ZpE) improves lipid profile and prevents vascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of ZpE to prevent metabolic and vascular alterations induced by high fat diet (HFD) on a metabolically obese and normal weight rabbit model. The major components of ZpE were analyzed by HPLC method. Rabbits were separated into six groups: 1-fed on standard chow (CD); 2-fed on HFD; 3, 4, 5- fed on HFD and orally administrated 2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg GAE/day of ZpE, respectively (ZpE- HFD); 6- fed on HFD and orally administered 30 mg orlistat/day (Or-HFD). All diets were administrated by 6 weeks. The major compounds of ZpE identified were chalcones: 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone. Oral treatment with ZpE 5 mg GAE/day as well as orlistat prevented the HFD-induced increase of triglycerides, fasting glucose, intraperitoneal glucose test, white cells, and TyG index. Acetylcholine relaxation was reduced in arteries from HFD group and oral administration of ZpE reached this response to CD values. Contractile response to angiotensin II was lower in arteries from rabbits fed on HFD treated with ZpE 5 and 10 mg GAE/day than those of untreated rabbits. Moreover, ZpE could inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion the ZpE may prevent normal weight obesity by inhibiting the pancreatic lipase. Thus, the use of ZpE as a natural product in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction is very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Valoy
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, UNT-CONICET). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Alarcón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, UNT-CONICET). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julieta Roco
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, UNT-CONICET). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Catiana Zampini
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV, UNT-CONICET). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Ines Isla
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV, UNT-CONICET). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Jerez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, UNT-CONICET). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT). San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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A comparative analysis of anti-lipidemic potential of soybean (Glycine max) protein hydrolysates obtained from different ripening stages: Identification, and molecular interaction mechanisms of novel bioactive peptides. Food Chem 2023; 402:134192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Paul AT, George G, Auti PS, Sengupta P. Design and Synthesis of Echitamine-inspired Hybrid Analogues Containing
Thiazolidinediones as Potential Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220314094820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disease characterised by excessive accumulation
of triglycerides. The prevalence and morbidity rates associated with obesity are increasing tremendously,
posing a significant risk to society. Pancreatic lipase (PL) is a key enzyme responsible for the
digestion of dietary triglycerides; hence its inhibition is considered an attractive target in obesity.
Methods:
In this present work, a new series of echitamine-inspired indole-based thiazolidinedione hybrid
analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro PL inhibitory potential. The nature
of inhibition has been identified by enzyme kinetic analysis, whereas in silico molecular modelling tools
(molecular docking and dynamic studies) were used for the identification of the mode of action at the
catalytic site of PL (PDB ID: 1LPB). Fluorescence quenching was used for the identification of the interaction
between the potent analogues with PL.
Results:
The condensation reaction of substituted indole derivatives with TZD in the presence of aqueous
KOH resulted in the formation of the titled analogues. Analogues 7k and 7p displayed a potential PL inhibitory
activity (IC50 = 11.36 and 11.87 μM, respectively). A competitive mode of PL inhibition was
revealed in the enzyme kinetic analysis. A static quenching mechanism was exhibited by the screened
agents on PL. The obtained MolDock scores were aligned with the in vitro PL inhibitory activity (Pearson’s
r - 0.7575, p<0.05). Moreover, the PL-ligand complexes were stable in the dynamic conditions.
Conclusion:
Analogue 7k exerted the potential activity, and further studies might result in novel lead
molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish T. Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, (BITS
Pilani), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ginson George
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, (BITS
Pilani), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant S. Auti
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, (BITS
Pilani), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pracheta Sengupta
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, (BITS
Pilani), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India
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Constantinescu T, Mihis AG. Two Important Anticancer Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Chalcones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911595. [PMID: 36232899 PMCID: PMC9570335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G and tubulin pharmacological mechanisms decrease the effectiveness of anticancer drugs by modulating drug absorption and by creating tubulin assembly through polymerization. A series of natural and synthetic chalcones have been reported to have very good anticancer activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration lower than 1 µM. By modulation, it is observed in case of the first mechanism that methoxy substituents on the aromatic cycle of acetophenone residue and substitution of phenyl nucleus by a heterocycle and by methoxy or hydroxyl groups have a positive impact. To inhibit tubulin, compounds bind to colchicine binding site. Presence of methoxy groups, amino groups or heterocyclic substituents increase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Constantinescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Grig Mihis
- Advanced Materials and Applied Technologies Laboratory, Institute of Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, “Babes-Bolyai” University, Fantanele Str. 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cao X, Qiu D, Zhang R, Li Z, Xu X. Synthesis, nematicidal evaluation, and SAR study of benzofuran derivatives containing 2-carbonyl thiophene. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Hu Q, Xiong Y, Zhu GH, Zhang YN, Zhang YW, Huang P, Ge GB. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro): Structure, function, and emerging therapies for COVID-19. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e151. [PMID: 35845352 PMCID: PMC9283855 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main proteases (Mpro), also termed 3‐chymotrypsin‐like proteases (3CLpro), are a class of highly conserved cysteine hydrolases in β‐coronaviruses. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that 3CLpros play an indispensable role in viral replication and have been recognized as key targets for preventing and treating coronavirus‐caused infectious diseases, including COVID‐19. This review is focused on the structural features and biological function of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) main protease Mpro (also known as 3CLpro), as well as recent advances in discovering and developing SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro inhibitors. To better understand the characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro inhibitors, the inhibition activities, inhibitory mechanisms, and key structural features of various 3CLpro inhibitors (including marketed drugs, peptidomimetic, and non‐peptidomimetic synthetic compounds, as well as natural compounds and their derivatives) are summarized comprehensively. Meanwhile, the challenges in this field are highlighted, while future directions for designing and developing efficacious 3CLpro inhibitors as novel anti‐coronavirus therapies are also proposed. Collectively, all information and knowledge presented here are very helpful for understanding the structural features and inhibitory mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLpro inhibitors, which offers new insights or inspiration to medicinal chemists for designing and developing more efficacious 3CLpro inhibitors as novel anti‐coronavirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China.,Clinical Pharmacy Center Cancer Center Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ya-Ni Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center Cancer Center Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ping Huang
- Clinical Pharmacy Center Cancer Center Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated People's Hospital Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
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13
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Tian Y, Liu C, Wang S, Du M, Zhu B. Efficient screening of pancreatic lipase inhibitors from cod meat hydrolysate through ligand fishing strategy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969558. [PMID: 36034931 PMCID: PMC9403610 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become an increasingly serious public health problem. Pancreatic lipase (PL) is identified as a ideal target for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Orlistat, the only approved PL inhibitor (PLI), is a powerful weight loss drug but has many side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover powerful PLIs with high safety. Protein hydrolysate has been demonstrated to be a treasure trove of PLIs, but recognizing responsible functional peptides from them is like looking for a needle in a haystack. In this work, we synthesized and optimized a PL ligand fishing model (PLLFM) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), then PLLFM was used to quickly fish out potential PLIs from the Cod meat hydrolysate (CMH). Finally, two new PLIs, GSPPPSG and KLEGDLK were identified with IC50 of 0.60 and 1.08 mg/mL, respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk diagram showed that GSPPPSG is a non-competitively dominant mixed-type PLI, whereas KLEGDLK is a competitive inhibitory-type PLI. Moreover, molecular docking suggested that both peptides can stably bind to the key amino acid residues of the PL active site, mainly through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions. In general, we not only established a method to rapidly fish out potential PLIs from protein hydrolysate, but also provided safe and efficient lead compounds for the development of novel diet foods or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Tian
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.,College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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A simple and effective method based on enzyme-ligand complex for affinity analysis of lipase inhibitor from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1208:123393. [PMID: 35907362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill has various biological activities including anti-obesity. Rapid analysis and screening of active compounds from natural extracts is one of the challenges faced by natural drug research. In order to analyze and screen lipase inhibitor from Schisandra chinensis extract, a method inspired by the specific binding of enzyme to ligand was developed and established. Through optimization of incubation conditions, such as time, temperature, and pH, the potential active compound was locked by comparing the change of the chemical components of the S. chinensis extract before and after incubation with lipase. Subsequently, the target compound was isolated by high-speed counter-current chromatography and was identified as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. Moreover, in vitro activity determination confirmed that 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde with an IC50 value of 284.78 ± 16.45 μg/mL interacted with the lipase through non-competitive inhibition. Furthermore, molecular docking further revealed that 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde can be embedded into the active pocket of lipase via multiple hydrogen bonds and other interactions. This study not only screened a potential lipase inhibitor from S. chinensis through the newly developed method, but also can be used as a typical reference for the discovery of active components from functional foods and natural products.
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Korkmaz A, Bursal E. Synthesis, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Sulfonate Derivatives Bearing Salicylaldehyde. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200140. [PMID: 35561156 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme activity alterations have been associated with many metabolism disorders and have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, which is responsible for skin pigmentation to protect the skin from solar radiation. Pancreatic lipase has been considered a key enzyme for the treatment of obesity. Herein, we reported the synthesis and enzyme inhibitions of a series of sulfonates as possible tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase inhibitors. According to the calculated IC50 values, compound 3f (74.1±11.1 μM) and compound 3c (86.6±6.9 μM) were determined to be the best inhibitors among the synthesized compounds for the tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase enzymes, respectively. The approach yielded at extremely high level by creating very flexible structural domains for the chemically modified groups. The structural characterization of the target molecules was implemented by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and HR-MS analyses. Also, molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds with tyrosinase and pancreatic lipase enzymes were conducted using AutoDock Vina software. Additionally, the studies of the absorption distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) were performed to uncover the target compounds' pharmacokinetics, drug similarities, and medicinal properties of the novel sulfonate derivatives bearing salicylaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Korkmaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, 49250, Turkey
| | - Ercan Bursal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, 49250, Turkey
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Human carboxylesterase 1A plays a predominant role in the hydrolytic activation of remdesivir in humans. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109744. [PMID: 34774545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir, an intravenous nucleotide prodrug, has been approved for treating COVID-19 in hospitalized adults and pediatric patients. Upon administration, remdesivir can be readily hydrolyzed to form its active form GS-441524, while the cleavage of the carboxylic ester into GS-704277 is the first step for remdesivir activation. This study aims to assign the key enzymes responsible for remdesivir hydrolysis in humans, as well as to investigate the kinetics of remdesivir hydrolysis in various enzyme sources. The results showed that remdesivir could be hydrolyzed to form GS-704277 in human plasma and the microsomes from human liver (HLMs), lung (HLuMs) and kidney (HKMs), while the hydrolytic rate of remdesivir in HLMs was the fastest. Chemical inhibition and reaction phenotyping assays suggested that human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1A) played a predominant role in remdesivir hydrolysis, while cathepsin A (CTSA), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BchE) contributed to a lesser extent. Enzymatic kinetic analyses demonstrated that remdesivir hydrolysis in hCES1A (SHUTCM) and HLMs showed similar kinetic plots and much closed Km values to each other. Meanwhile, GS-704277 formation rates were strongly correlated with the CES1A activities in HLM samples from different individual donors. Further investigation revealed that simvastatin (a therapeutic agent for adjuvant treating COVID-19) strongly inhibited remdesivir hydrolysis in both recombinant hCES1A and HLMs. Collectively, our findings reveal that hCES1A plays a predominant role in remdesivir hydrolysis in humans, which are very helpful for predicting inter-individual variability in response to remdesivir and for guiding the rational use of this anti-COVID-19 agent in clinical settings.
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Rioux B, Pinon A, Gamond A, Martin F, Laurent A, Champavier Y, Barette C, Liagre B, Fagnère C, Sol V, Pouget C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of chalcone-polyamine conjugates as novel vectorized agents in colorectal and prostate cancer chemotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113586. [PMID: 34116328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize chalcone-polyamine conjugates in order to enhance bioavailability and selectivity of chalcone core towards cancer cells, using polyamine-based vectors. Indeed, it is well-known that polyamine transport system is upregulated in tumor cells. 3',4,4',5'-tetramethoxychalcone was selected as parent chalcone since it was found to be an efficient anti-proliferative agent on various cancer cells. A series of five chalcone-polyamine conjugates was obtained using the 4-bromopropyloxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxychalcone as a key intermediate. Chalcone core and polyamine tails were fused through an amine bond. These conjugates were found to possess a marked in vitro antiproliferative effect against colorectal (HT-29 and HCT-116) and prostate cancer (PC-3 and DU-145) cell lines. The most active conjugate (compound 8b) was then chosen for further biological evaluations to elucidate mechanisms responsible for its antiproliferative activity. Investigations on cell cycle distribution revealed that this conjugate can prevent the proliferation of human colorectal and prostate cancer cells by blocking the cell cycle at the G1 and G2 phase, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a sub-G1 peak, characteristic of apoptotic cell population and our inquiries highlighted apoptosis induction at early and later stages through several pro-apoptotic markers. Therefore, this chalcone-N1-spermidine conjugate could be considered as a promising agent for colon and prostatic cancer adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rioux
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Aline Pinon
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Gamond
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Martin
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Laurent
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Yves Champavier
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France; Université de Limoges, BISCEm NMR Platform, GEIST, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Barette
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE U1038, Genetics & Chemogenomics, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38054, France
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Fagnère
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Pouget
- Université de Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Rue Du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.
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18
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George G, Auti PS, Paul AT. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-substituted indole-thiazolidinedione analogues as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:49-59. [PMID: 33864339 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic Lipase (PL) is a key enzyme responsible for the digestion of 50%-70% of dietary triglycerides, hence its inhibition is considered as a viable approach for the management of obesity. A series of indole-TZD hybrid analogues were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their PL inhibitory activity. Knoevenagel condensation of various substituted indole-3-carboxaldehyde with substituted thiazolidinediones resulted in the formation of titled analogues. Analogues 6d and 6e exerted potent PL inhibitory activity (IC50 -6.19 and 8.96 µM, respectively). Further, these analogues exerted a competitive mode of PL inhibition. Moreover, molecular modelling studies were in agreement with the in vitro results (Pearson's r = .8682, p < .05). The fluorescence spectroscopic analysis further supported the strong binding affinity of these analogues with PL. A molecular dynamics study (20 ns) indicated that these analogues were stable in a dynamic environment. Thus, the present study highlighted the potential role of indole-thiazolidinedione hybrid analogues as potential PL inhibitors and further optimization might result in the development of new PL inhibitory lead candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginson George
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, India
| | - Prashant S Auti
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani Campus, India
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