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Martín-Encinas E, Lopez-Aguileta L, Palacios F, Alonso C. Aza-Povarov Reaction. A Method for the Synthesis of Fused Tetracyclic Chromeno[4,3- d]pyrido[1,2- a]pyrimidines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38177107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A cornerstone in drug discovery is the development of strategies to provide privileged small molecules with specific structural and stereochemical complexity, allowing access to new potential therapeutic entities. In this work, a new strategy based on the [4 + 2] Povarov reaction involving 1,3-diazadiene was developed. This approach is applied for a straightforward procedure in the preparation of chromeno[4,3-d]pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives, with accessible substrates, 2-aminopyridine and unsaturated aldehydes, and excellent atom economy to obtain four fused ring heterocycles, in a regio- and diastereoselective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endika Martín-Encinas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Leyre Lopez-Aguileta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
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Melcón-Fernandez E, Martín-Encinas E, Palacios F, Galli G, Reguera RM, Martínez-Valladares M, Balaña-Fouce R, Alonso C, Pérez-Pertejo Y. Antileishmanial Effect of 1,5- and 1,8-Substituted Fused Naphthyridines. Molecules 2023; 29:74. [PMID: 38202656 PMCID: PMC10780244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the absence of a vaccine, there is a need to find new drugs for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, such as leishmaniasis, that can overcome the many drawbacks of those currently used. These disadvantages include cost, the need to maintain a cold chain, the route of administration, the associated adverse effects and the generation of resistance. In this work we have evaluated the antileishmanial effect of 1,5- and 1,8-substituted fused naphthyridines through in vitro and ex vivo assays, using genetically modified axenic and intramacrophagic Leishmania infantum amastigotes. The toxicity of these compounds has been tested in the mammalian host cell using murine splenic macrophages, as well as in murine intestinal organoids (miniguts) in order to assess their potential for oral administration. The 1,8- derivatives showed greater leishmanicidal activity and the presence of a nitrogen atom in the fused ring to the naphthyridine was important to increase the activity of both types of molecules. The aromatization of the pyridine ring also had marked differences in the activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Melcón-Fernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - Endika Martín-Encinas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gulio Galli
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Lascaray Research Center, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain (G.G.)
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Gayyur, Choudhary S, Kant R, Ghosh N. Twofold Heteroannulation Reactions Enabled by Gold(I)/Zinc(II) Catalysts: Synthesis of Amine-Substituted Diaryl[ c, h][1,6]naphthyridines. Org Lett 2023; 25:7400-7405. [PMID: 37787541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward and atom-economical one-pot protocol catalyzed by gold(I) and zinc(II) for the synthesis of amine-substituted diaryl[c,h][1,6]naphthyridines from two different aromatic nitriles has been showcased. This dual-catalytic strategy is highly efficient, offering an array of tetracyclic heteroaromatic products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the base can efficiently catalyze the second annulation step, yielding structurally unique thiophene-fused [1,6]naphthyridines in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayyur
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Nayan Ghosh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Masdeu C, de Los Santos JM, Palacios F, Alonso C. The Intramolecular Povarov Tool in the Construction of Fused Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:20. [PMID: 37249641 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are part of the structure of natural products and agents with important biological activity, such as antiviral, antibiotic, and antitumor drugs. For this reason, heterocyclic compounds are one of today's most desirable synthetic targets and the Povarov reaction is a powerful synthetic tool for the construction of highly functionalized heterocyclic systems. This process involves an aromatic amine, a carbonyl compound, and an olefin or acetylene to give rise to the formation of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle. This review illustrates advances in the synthetic aspects of the intramolecular Povarov reaction for the construction of intricate nitrogen-containing polyheterocyclic compounds. This original review presents research done in this field, with references to important works by internationally relevant research groups on this current topic, covering the literature from 1992 to 2022. The intramolecular Povarov reactions are described here according to the key processes involved, using different combinations of aromatic or heteroaromatic amines, and aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic aldehydes. Some catalytic reactions promoted by transition metals are detailed, as well as the oxidative Povarov reaction and some asymmetric intramolecular Povarov processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Masdeu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús M de Los Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia and Centro de Investigación Lascaray (Lascaray Research Center), Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Kumar Parangi R, Domala R. Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Some novel 5-(2-Methyl-1,8-Naphthyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-Amine and its derivatives using symmetrical anhydrides. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Ravi A, Srikanth G, Khanfar MA, Al-Qawasmeh RA, El-Gamal MI, Al-Tel TH. Blue Light-Driven [4+2]-Cycloaddition: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chromeno[4,3- b]quinoline and Chromeno[4,3- b][1,8]naphthyridine Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16722-16735. [PMID: 36453755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot, metal-free, light-driven [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction is described by accessing a diverse collection of chromeno[4,3-b]quinoline and chromeno[4,3-b][1,8]naphthyridine scaffolds in a diastereoselective manner. This process delivered stereoisomers, which were challenging to produce by an inverse-demand Diels-Alder reaction. The tetracyclic products were provided in good yields, promoted by rose bengal and blue light in a single operation. The developed protocol proceeded efficiently without the need for expensive photosensitizers such as Ir or Ru complexes. The cascade is modular and step-economic, and the substrate scope is wide. Polycyclic architectures can be assembled from readily available aniline, aminoazine, indole, and salicylaldehyde derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Ravi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah27272, UAE
| | - Gourishetty Srikanth
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah26666, UAE
| | - Monther A Khanfar
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Pure and Applied Chemistry Group, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah27272, UAE
| | - Raed A Al-Qawasmeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah27272, UAE
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah27272, UAE
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Jiménez-Aberásturi X, Palacios F, de Los Santos JM. Sc(OTf) 3-Mediated [4 + 2] Annulations of N-Carbonyl Aryldiazenes with Cyclopentadiene to Construct Cinnoline Derivatives: Azo-Povarov Reaction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11583-11592. [PMID: 35972474 PMCID: PMC9447289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We disclose the first accomplishment of the azo-Povarov reaction involving Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulations of N-carbonyl aryldiazenes with cyclopentadiene in chloroform, in which N-carbonyl aryldiazenes act as 4π-electron donors. Hence, this protocol offers a rapid access to an array of cinnoline derivatives in moderate to good yields for substrates over a wide scope. The synthetic potential of the protocol was achieved by the gram-scale reaction and further derivatization of the obtained polycyclic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Jiménez-Aberásturi
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria 01006, Spain
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria 01006, Spain
| | - Jesús M de Los Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria 01006, Spain
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones as topoisomerase I inhibitors. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Naphthyridine Derivatives Induce Programmed Cell Death in Naegleria fowleri. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101013. [PMID: 34681237 PMCID: PMC8540127 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary amoebic encephalitis (PAM) caused by the opportunistic pathogen Naegleria fowleri is characterized as a rapid and lethal infection of the brain which ends in the death of the patient in more than 90% of the reported cases. This amoeba thrives in warm water bodies and causes infection after individuals perform risky activities such as splashing or diving, mostly in non-treated water bodies such as lakes and ponds. Moreover, the infection progresses very fast and no fully effective molecules have currently been found to treat PAM. In this study, naphthyridines fused with chromenes or chromenones previously synthetized by the group were tested in vitro against the trophozoite stage of two strains of N. fowleri. In addition, the most active molecule was evaluated in order to check the induction of programmed cell death (PCD) in the treated amoebae. Compound 3 showed good anti-Naegleria activity (61.45 ± 5.27 and 76.61 ± 10.84 µM, respectively) against the two different strains (ATCC® 30808 and ATCC® 30215) and a good selectivity compared to the cytotoxicity values (>300 µM). In addition, it was able to induce PCD, causing DNA condensation, damage at the cellular membrane, reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, and ROS generation. Hence, naphthyridines fused with chromenes or chromenones could be potential therapeutic agents against PAM in the near future.
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