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Abrahams B, Gerber A, Hiss DC. Combination Treatment with EGFR Inhibitor and Doxorubicin Synergistically Inhibits Proliferation of MCF-7 Cells and MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3066. [PMID: 38474312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumor progression and survival is often underplayed. Its expression and/or dysregulation is associated with disease advancement and poor patient outcome as well as drug resistance in breast cancer. EGFR is often overexpressed in breast cancer and particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which currently lacks molecular targets. We examined the synergistic potential of an EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) in combination with doxorubicin (Dox) in estrogen-positive (ER+) MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell lines. The exposure of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 to EGFRi produced an IC50s of 6.03 µM and 3.96 µM, respectively. Dox induced MDA-MB-231 (IC50 9.67 µM) and MCF-7 (IC50 1.4 µM) cytotoxicity. Combinations of EGFRi-Dox significantly reduced the IC50 in MCF-7 (0.46 µM) and MBA-MB 231 (0.01 µM). Synergistic drug interactions in both cell lines were confirmed using the Bliss independence model. Pro-apoptotic Caspase-3/7 activation occurred in MCF-7 at 0.1-10 µM of EGFRi and Dox single treatments, whilst 1 μM Dox yielded a more potent effect on MDA-MB-231. EGFRi and Dox individually and in combination downregulated the EGFR gene expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates EGFRi's potential for eliciting synergistic interactions with Dox, causing enhanced growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and downregulation of EGFR in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beynon Abrahams
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Anthonie Gerber
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Donavon Charles Hiss
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Xu J, Yan S, Liang B, Xing D. Epidermal growth factor receptor dual-target inhibitors as a novel therapy for cancer: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127440. [PMID: 37839594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been linked to several human cancers, including esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, anal cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, EGFR has emerged as a critical target for treating solid tumors. Many 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-generation EGFR single-target inhibitors with clinical efficacy have been designed and synthesized in recent years. Drug resistance caused by EGFR mutations has posed a significant challenge to the large-scale clinical application of EGFR single-target inhibitors and the discovery of novel EGFR inhibitors. Therapeutic methods for overcoming multipoint EGFR mutations are still needed in medicine. EGFR dual-target inhibitors are more promising than single-target inhibitors as they have a lower risk of drug resistance, higher efficacy, lower dosage, and fewer adverse events. EGFR dual-target inhibitors have been developed sequentially to date, providing new options for remission in patients with previously untreatable malignancies and laying the groundwork for a future generation of compounds. This paper introduces the EGFR family proteins and their synergistic effects with other anticancer targets, and provides a comprehensive review of the development of EGFR dual-target inhibitors in cancer, as well as the opportunities and challenges associated with those fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Saisai Yan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Bing Liang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Thakur A, Rana M, Ritika, Mathew J, Nepali S, Pan CH, Liou JP, Nepali K. Small molecule tractable PARP inhibitors: Scaffold construction approaches, mechanistic insights and structure activity relationship. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106893. [PMID: 37783100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Diverse drug design strategies viz. molecular hybridization, substituent installation, scaffold hopping, isosteric replacement, high-throughput screening, induction and separation of chirality, structure modifications of phytoconstituents and use of structural templates have been exhaustively leveraged in the last decade to load the chemical toolbox of PARP inhibitors. Resultantly, numerous promising scaffolds have been pinpointed that in turn have led to the resuscitation of the credence to PARP inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. This review briefly presents the physiological functions of PARPs, the pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, and the interaction profiles of FDA-approved PARP inhibitors. Comprehensively covered is the section on the drug design strategies employed by drug discovery enthusiasts for furnishing PARP inhibitors. The impact of structural variations in the template of designed scaffolds on enzymatic and cellular activity (structure-activity relationship studies) has been discussed. The insights gained through the biological evaluation such as profiling of physicochemical properties andin vitroADME properties, PK assessments, and high-dose pharmacology are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Ritika
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Jacob Mathew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Sanya Nepali
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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4
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Wang P, Zhu WT, Wang Y, Song SS, Xi Y, Yang XY, Shen YY, Su Y, Sun YM, Gao YL, Chen Y, Ding J, Miao ZH, Zhang A, He JX. Identification of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine PARP1 inhibitors with overcome acquired resistance activities. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115709. [PMID: 37567056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors can selectively kill homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancer cells and elicit anticancer effect through a mechanism of synthetic lethality. In this study, we designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated a series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine derivatives as a class of potent PARP1 inhibitors. Among them, compounds 17m, 19a, 19c, 19e, 19i and 19k not only displayed more potent inhibitory activities (IC50s < 4.1 nM) than 9 and 1 against PARP1, but also exhibited nanomolar range of antiproliferative effects against MDA-MB-436 (BRCA1-/-, IC50s < 1.9 nM) and Capan-1 (BRCA2-/-, IC50s < 21.6 nM) cells. Notably, 19k significantly inhibited proliferation of resistant Capan-1 cells (IC50s < 0.3 nM). Collectively, the newly discovered PARP1 inhibitors act as a useful pharmacological tool for investigating the mechanism of acquired resistance to PARP1 inhibitors, and may also represent promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of HR deficient cancers with the potential to overcome the acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyuan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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5
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Lin S, Jiang Q, Huang X, Xu J, Wu L, Liu Y. Synthesis of Novel Dual Target Inhibitors of CDK12 and PARP1 and Their Antitumor Activities in HER2-Positive Breast Cancers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25574-25581. [PMID: 37483237 PMCID: PMC10357520 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Several anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) treatments have improved the landscape of HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) over the past few years; due to the heterogeneity of the disease itself, the drug resistance mechanisms and relapse are still the main issue in HER2-positive BC. Here, we intended to target simultaneous inhibition of both poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) that have had an impact on this disease up to their implementation in clinical practice. We successfully screened PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis) containing bicyclic tetrahydropyridine pyrimidines with antitumor activity. Most synthesized compounds with various alcohols were more effective at killing tumor cells than olaparib (ola), especially in HER2-positive cancer cells. Among them, compound 9 showed potent inhibitory effects on PARP1 enzymatic activity and the PAR protein level; moreover, the expression of CDK12 was inhibited by compound 9. Overall, compound 9 exhibited a significant antitumor effect by inhibiting DNA damage repair in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lin
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362046, P. R. China
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qingna Jiang
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwang Huang
- Department
of Public Technology Service Center, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lixian Wu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, PR China
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350108, PR China
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6
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Rana M, Thakur A, Kaur C, Pan CH, Lee SB, Liou JP, Nepali K. Prudent tactics to sail the boat of PARP inhibitors as therapeutics for diverse malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1169-1193. [PMID: 37525475 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2241818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PARP inhibitors block the DNA-repairing mechanism of PARP and represent a promising class of anti-cancer therapy. The last decade has witnessed FDA approvals of several PARP inhibitors, with some undergoing advanced-stage clinical investigation. Medicinal chemists have invested much effort to expand the structure pool of PARP inhibitors. Issues associated with the use of PARP inhibitors that make their standing disconcerting in the pharmaceutical sector have been addressed via the design of new structural assemblages. AREA COVERED In this review, the authors present a detailed account of the medicinal chemistry campaigns conducted in the recent past for the construction of PARP1/PARP2 inhibitors, PARP1 biased inhibitors, and PARP targeting bifunctional inhibitors as well as PARP targeting degraders (PROTACs). Limitations associated with FDA-approved PARP inhibitors and strategies to outwit the limitations are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The PARP inhibitory field has been rejuvenated with numerous tractable entries in the last decade. With numerous magic bullets in hand coupled with unfolded tactics to outwit the notoriety of cancer cells developing resistance toward PARP inhibitors, the dominance of PARP inhibitors as a sagacious option of targeted therapy is highly likely to be witnessed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Bau Lee
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Li H, Chen L, Yao D. Dual-target inhibitors of PARP1 in cancer therapy: a drug discovery perspective. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103607. [PMID: 37146962 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a key enzyme in DNA repair, has emerged as a promising anticancer druggable target. An increasing number of PARP1 inhibitors have been discovered to treat cancer, most notably those characterized by BRCA1/2 mutations. Although PARP1 inhibitors have achieved great clinical success, their cytotoxicity, development of drug resistance, and restriction of indication have weakened their clinical therapeutic effects. To address these issues, dual PARP1 inhibitors have been documented as a promising strategy. Here, we review recent progress in the development of dual PARP1 inhibitors, summarize the different designs of dual-target inhibitors, and introduce their antitumor pharmacology, shedding light on the discovery of dual PARP1 inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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8
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Jia W, Xia C, Wang F, Liu T. Multi-therapies Based on PARP Inhibition: Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16099-16127. [PMID: 36512711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) are known to catalyze the process of PARylation, which plays a vital role in various cellular functions. They have become important targets for the discovery of novel antitumor drugs since their inhibition can induce significant lethality in tumor cells. Therefore, researchers all over the world have been focusing on developing novel and potent PARP inhibitors for cancer therapy. Studies have shown that PARP inhibitors and other antitumor agents, such as EZH2 and EGFR inhibitors, play a synergistic role in cancer cells. The combined inhibition of PARP and the targets with synergistic effects may provide a rational strategy to improve the effectiveness of current anticancer regimens. In this Perspective, we sum up the recent advance of PARP-targeted agents, including single-target inhibitors/degraders and dual-target inhibitors/degraders, discuss the fundamental theory of developing these dual-target agents, and give insight into the corresponding structure-activity relationships of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Wenshuang Jia
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Fugang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
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9
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Thabet FM, Dawood KM, Ragab EA, Nafie MS, Abbas AA. Design and synthesis of new bis(1,2,4-triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazines) and bis((quinoxalin-2-yl)phenoxy)alkanes as anti-breast cancer agents through dual PARP-1 and EGFR targets inhibition. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23644-23660. [PMID: 36090415 PMCID: PMC9389373 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of new 1,ω-bis((acetylphenoxy)acetamide)alkanes 5a–f were prepared then their bromination using NBS furnished the novel bis(2-bromoacetyl)phenoxy)acetamides 6a–f. Reaction of 6a–f with 4-amino-5-substituted-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 7a–d and with o-phenylenediamine derivatives 9a and b afforded the corresponding bis(1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine) derivatives 8a–l and bis(quinoxaline) derivatives 10a–e in good yields. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds as well as apoptosis induction through PARP-1 and EGFR as molecular targets was evaluated. Three compounds, 8d, 8i and 8l, exhibited much better cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-231 than the drug Erlotinib. Interestingly, compound 8i induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by 38-fold compared to the control arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and its treatment upregulated P53, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 gene levels, while it downregulated the Bcl2 level. Compound 8i exhibited promising dual enzyme inhibition of PARP-1 (IC50 = 1.37 nM) compared to Olaparib (IC50 = 1.49 nM), and EGFR (IC50 = 64.65 nM) compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 80 nM). These results agreed with the molecular docking studies that highlighted the binding disposition of compound 8i inside the PARP-1 and EGFR protein active sites. Hence, compound 8i may serve as a potential anti-breast cancer agent. A series of bis(triazolothiadiazines) and bis(quinoxalines) were synthesized and tested for their cytotoxicity and apoptosis-induction through PARP-1 and EGFR as molecular targets. Compound 8i exhibited high cytotoxic activity and promising dual enzyme inhibition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M. Thabet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Kamal M. Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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