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Hui W, Pu S, Gao X, Wang Y, Zha X, Ding K, Zhang X, Cheng D, Shi H, Luo Z. Evaluation of a Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Targeting Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor for Detecting Pulmonary Inflammation. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3979-3991. [PMID: 38935927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase that is crucial for immune cell activation, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Its expression significantly increases in macrophages during inflammation, playing a crucial role in regulating inflammation resolution and termination. Consequently, CSF1R has emerged as a critical target for both therapeutic intervention and imaging of inflammatory diseases. Herein, we have developed a radiotracer, 1-[4-((7-(dimethylamino)quinazolin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl]-3-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)urea ([18F]17), for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of CSF1R. Compound 17 exhibits a comparable inhibitory potency against CSF1R as the well-known CSF1R inhibitor PLX647. The radiosynthesis of [18F]17 was successfully performed by radiofluorination of aryltrimethyltin precursor with a yield of approximately 12% at the end of synthesis, maintaining a purity exceeding 98%. In vivo stability and biodistribution studies demonstrate that [18F]17 remains >90% intact at 30 min postinjection, with no defluorination observed even at 60 min postinjection. The PET/CT imaging study in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation mice indicates that [18F]17 offers a more sensitive characterization of pulmonary inflammation compared to traditional [18F]FDG. Notably, [18F]17 shows a higher discrepancy in uptake ratio between mice with pulmonary inflammation and the sham group. Furthermore, the variations in [18F]17 uptake ratio observed on day 7 and day 14 correspond to lung density changes observed in CT imaging. Moreover, the expression levels of CSF1R on day 7 and day 14 follow a trend similar to the uptake pattern of [18F]17, indicating its potential for accurately characterizing CSF1R expression levels and effectively monitoring the pulmonary inflammation progression. These results strongly suggest that [18F]17 has promising prospects as a CSF1R PET tracer, providing diagnostic opportunities for pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Hui
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Suyun Pu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinyan Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunze Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zha
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kezhi Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zonghua Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chauveau F, Winkeler A, Chalon S, Boutin H, Becker G. PET imaging of neuroinflammation: any credible alternatives to TSPO yet? Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02656-9. [PMID: 38997465 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the role of neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric conditions has attracted an exponentially growing interest. A key driver for this trend was the ability to image brain inflammation in vivo using PET radioligands targeting the Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO), which is known to be expressed in activated microglia and astrocytes upon inflammatory events as well as constitutively in endothelial cells. TSPO is a mitochondrial protein that is expressed mostly by microglial cells upon activation but is also expressed by astrocytes in some conditions and constitutively by endothelial cells. Therefore, our current understanding of neuroinflammation dynamics is hampered by the lack of alternative targets available for PET imaging. We performed a systematic search and review on radiotracers developed for neuroinflammation PET imaging apart from TSPO. The following targets of interest were identified through literature screening (including previous narrative reviews): P2Y12R, P2X7R, CSF1R, COX (microglial targets), MAO-B, I2BS (astrocytic targets), CB2R & S1PRs (not specific of a single cell type). We determined the level of development and provided a scoping review for each target. Strikingly, astrocytic biomarker MAO-B has progressed in clinical investigations the furthest, while few radiotracers (notably targeting S1P1Rs, CSF1R) are being implemented in clinical investigations. Other targets such as CB2R and P2X7R have proven disappointing in clinical studies (e.g. poor signal, lack of changes in disease conditions, etc.). While astrocytic targets are promising, development of new biomarkers and tracers specific for microglial activation has proven challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Chauveau
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, BIORAN, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, Cedex, France
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du général Leclerc, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours - INSERM, Bâtiment Planiol, UFR de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, Cedex 01, France
| | - Hervé Boutin
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours - INSERM, Bâtiment Planiol, UFR de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, Cedex 01, France.
| | - Guillaume Becker
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, BIORAN, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, Cedex, France
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
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Adhikari A, Chauhan K, Adhikari M, Tiwari AK. Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor: An emerging target for neuroinflammation PET imaging and AD therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 100:117628. [PMID: 38330850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Although neuroinflammation is a significant pathogenic feature of many neurologic disorders, its precise function in-vivo is still not completely known. PET imaging enables the longitudinal examination, quantification, and tracking of different neuroinflammation biomarkers in living subjects. Particularly, PET imaging of Microglia, specialised dynamic immune cells crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis in central nervous system (CNS), is crucial for staging the neuroinflammation. Colony Stimulating Factor- 1 Receptor (CSF-1R) PET imaging is a novel method for the quantification of neuroinflammation. CSF-1R is mainly expressed on microglia, and neurodegenerative disorders greatly up-regulate its expression. The present review primarily focuses on the development, pros and cons of all the CSF-1R PET tracers reported for neuroinflammation imaging. Apart from neuroinflammation imaging, CSF-1R inhibitors are also reported for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a prevalent, advancing, and fatal neurodegenerative condition that have the characteristic feature of persistent neuroinflammation and primarily affects the elderly. The aetiology of AD is profoundly influenced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and microglial dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that CSF-1R inhibitors (CSF-1Ri) can be helpful in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases. This review article also summarises the most recent developments of CSF-1Ri-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb, Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Altomonte S, Pike VW. Candidate Tracers for Imaging Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor in Neuroinflammation with Positron Emission Tomography: Issues and Progress. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1632-1650. [PMID: 37974622 PMCID: PMC10644394 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), has attracted attention as a potential biomarker of neuroinflammation for imaging studies with positron emission tomography (PET), especially because of its location on microglia and its role in microglia proliferation. The development of an effective radiotracer for specifically imaging and quantifying brain CSF1R is highly challenging. Here we review the progress that has been made on PET tracer development and discuss issues that have arisen and which remain to be addressed and resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Altomonte
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes
of Health, Building 10,
B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes
of Health, Building 10,
B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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