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Çimen D, Bereli N, Andaç M, Denizli A. Molecularly imprinted cryogel columns for Concanavalin A purification from jack bean extract. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Çimen
- Department of Chemistry; Biochemistry Division; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Nilay Bereli
- Department of Chemistry; Biochemistry Division; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Müge Andaç
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry; Biochemistry Division; Hacettepe University; Ankara Turkey
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Yoshizaki Y, Mori T, Ishigami-Yuasa M, Kikuchi E, Takahashi D, Zeniya M, Nomura N, Mori Y, Araki Y, Ando F, Mandai S, Kasagi Y, Arai Y, Sasaki E, Yoshida S, Kagechika H, Rai T, Uchida S, Sohara E. Drug-Repositioning Screening for Keap1-Nrf2 Binding Inhibitors using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638054 PMCID: PMC5479848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is the major regulator of cytoprotective responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. The Cul3/Keap1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex interacts with Nrf2, leading to Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation. In this study, we focused on the disruption of the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction to upregulate Nrf2 expression and the transcription of ARE-controlled cytoprotective oxidative stress response enzymes, such as HO-1. We completed a drug-repositioning screening for inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interactions using a newly established fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) screening system. The binding reaction between Nrf2 and Keap1 was successfully detected with a KD of 2.6 μM using our FCS system. The initial screening of 1,633 drugs resulted in 12 candidate drugs. Among them, 2 drugs significantly increased Nrf2 protein levels in HepG2 cells. These two promising drugs also upregulated ARE gene promoter activity and increased HO-1 mRNA expression, which confirms their ability to dissociate Nrf2 and Keap1. Thus, drug-repositioning screening for Keap1-Nrf2 binding inhibitors using FCS enabled us to find two promising known drugs that can induce the activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshizaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ishigami-Yuasa
- Chemical Biology Screening Center and Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Kikuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiei Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moko Zeniya
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nomura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Araki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ando
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Mandai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Kasagi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Chemical Biology Screening Center and Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatemitsu Rai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Chen R, Pawlicki MA, Tolbert TJ. Versatile on-resin synthesis of high mannose glycosylated asparagine with functional handles. Carbohydr Res 2014; 383:69-75. [PMID: 24326091 PMCID: PMC3974579 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a synthetic route for solid phase synthesis of N-linked glycoconjugates containing high mannose oligosaccharides which allows the incorporation of useful functional handles on the N-terminus of asparagine. In this strategy, the C-terminus of an Fmoc protected aspartic acid residue is first attached to a solid phase support. The side chain of aspartic acid is protected by a 2-phenylisopropyl protecting group, which allows selective deprotection for the introduction of glycosylation. By using a convergent on-resin glycosylamine coupling strategy, an N-glycosidic linkage is successfully formed on the free side chain of the resin bound aspartic acid with a large high mannose oligosaccharide, Man8GlcNAc2, to yield N-linked high mannose glycosylated asparagine. The use of on-resin glycosylamine coupling provides excellent glycosylation yield, can be applied to couple other types of oligosaccharides, and also makes it possible to recover excess oligosaccharides conveniently after the on-resin coupling reaction. Useful functional handles including an alkene (p-vinylbenzoic acid), an alkyne (4-pentynoic acid), biotin, and 5-carboxyfluorescein are then conjugated onto the N-terminal amine of asparagine on-resin after the removal of the Fmoc protecting group. In this way, useful functional handles are introduced onto the glycosylated asparagine while maintaining the structural integrity of the reducing end of the oligosaccharide. The asparagine side chain also serves as a linker between the glycan and the functional group and preserves the native presentation of N-linked glycan which may aid in biochemical and structural studies. As an example of a biochemical study using functionalized high mannose glycosylated asparagine, a fluorescence polarization assay has been utilized to study the binding of the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) using 5-carboxyfluorescein labeled high mannose glycosylated asparagine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Mark A Pawlicki
- Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Graduate Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Thomas J Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
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Immobilized glycosylated Fmoc-amino acid for SPR: comparative studies of lectin-binding to linear or biantennary diLacNAc structures. Carbohydr Res 2013; 382:77-85. [PMID: 24211369 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method to immobilize glycan-linked amino acids with protected α-amino groups, which are key intermediates to produce the desired neoglycoprotein, to a Biacore sensor chip was developed and its utility for interaction analyses was demonstrated. Two types of diN-acetyllactosamine (diLacNAc)-containing glycans, a core 2 hexasaccharide involving linear diLacNAc that is O-linked to N-(9-fluorenyl)methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-Thr and a biantennary diLacNAc that is N-linked to Fmoc-Asn, were used as ligands. For immobilization, the free carboxyl groups of the amino acid residues were activated with EDC/NHS, then reacted with the ethylenediamine-derivatized carboxymethyldextran sensor chip to obtain the desired ligand concentrations. Interactions of the ligands with five plant lectins were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance, and the bindings were compared. The resonance unit of each lectin was corrected by subtracting that of the reference cell on which the Fmoc-Thr-core 1 or Fmoc-Asn was immobilized as a ligand. The carbohydrate specificities of interactions were verified by preincubating lectins with their respective inhibitory sugar before injection. By steady state analysis, the Lycopersicon esculentum lectin showed a 27-fold higher affinity to linear diLacNAc than to biantennary diLacNAc, while Datura stramonium and Solanum tuberosum lectins both showed low Ka,apps of 10(6)M(-1) for these two ligands. In contrast, Ricinus communis agglutinin-120 showed a 3.2-fold higher Ka,app to biantennary LacNAc than to linear diLacNAc. A lectin purified from Pleurocybella porrigens mushroom interacted at the high affinity of 10(8)M(-1) with both linear and biantennary diLacNAcs, which identified it as a unique probe. This method provides a useful and sensitive system to analyze interactions by simulating the glycans on the cell surface.
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Ali M, Ramirez P, Tahir MN, Mafe S, Siwy Z, Neumann R, Tremel W, Ensinger W. Biomolecular conjugation inside synthetic polymer nanopores via glycoprotein-lectin interactions. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1894-1903. [PMID: 21423941 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr00003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the supramolecular bioconjugation of concanavalin A (Con A) protein with glycoenzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inside single nanopores, fabricated in heavy ion tracked polymer membranes. Firstly, the HRP-enzyme was covalently immobilized on the inner wall of the pores using carbodiimide coupling chemistry. The immobilized HRP-enzyme molecules bear sugar (mannose) groups available for the binding of Con A protein. Secondly, the bioconjugation of Con A on the pore wall was achieved through its biospecific interactions with the mannose residues of the HRP enzyme. The immobilization of biomolecules inside the nanopore leads to the reduction of the available area for ionic transport, and this blocking effect can be exploited to tune the conductance and selectivity of the nanopore in aqueous solution. Both cylindrical and conical nanopores were used in the experiments. The possibility of obtaining two or more conductance states (output), dictated by the degree of nanopore blocking resulted from the different biomolecules in solution (input), as well as the current rectification properties obtained with the conical nanopore, could also allow implementing information processing at the nanometre scale. Model simulations based on the transport equations further verify the feasibility of the sensing procedure that involves concepts from supramolecular chemistry, molecular imprinting, recognition, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Ali
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Material-u. Geowissenschaften, Fachgebiet Materialanalytik, Petersenstraβe 23, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Jin S, Cheng Y, Reid S, Li M, Wang B. Carbohydrate recognition by boronolectins, small molecules, and lectins. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:171-257. [PMID: 19291708 PMCID: PMC2829346 DOI: 10.1002/med.20155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are known to mediate a large number of biological and pathological events. Small and macromolecules capable of carbohydrate recognition have great potentials as research tools, diagnostics, vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, and therapeutic agents. However, this potential is far from being realized. One key issue is the difficulty in the development of "binders" capable of specific recognition of carbohydrates of biological relevance. This review discusses systematically the general approaches that are available in developing carbohydrate sensors and "binders/receptors," and their applications. The focus is on discoveries during the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Suazette Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
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Yavuz H, Özden K, Kin EP, Denizli A. Concanavalin A Binding on PHEMA Beads and Their Interactions with Myeloma Cells. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320802594774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Uchiyama N, Kuno A, Tateno H, Kubo Y, Mizuno M, Noguchi M, Hirabayashi J. Optimization of evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted lectin microarray for high-sensitivity detection of monovalent oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. Proteomics 2008; 8:3042-50. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Horlacher T, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrate arrays as tools for research and diagnostics. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:1414-22. [PMID: 18568167 DOI: 10.1039/b708016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In a very short time, carbohydrate microarrays have become important tools to investigate binding events that involve sugars. High throughput analysis of carbohydrate interactions with a wide range of binding partners, including proteins, RNA, whole cells and viruses, can be performed. Questions ranging from simple binding events to in-depth kinetic analysis can be addressed. This tutorial review summarizes methods to produce carbohydrate microarrays as well as their use. Some selected examples illustrate applications and the potential that these tools hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Horlacher
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, HCI F315, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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Das T, Mallick SK, Paul D, Bhutia SK, Bhattacharyya TK, Maiti TK. Microcontact printing of Concanavalin A and its effect on mammalian cell morphology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 314:71-9. [PMID: 17559863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study a major lectin called Concanavalin A (ConA) has been micropatterned on a glass substrate by microcontact printing and the patterns have been characterized with fluorescent and atomic force microscope for their uniformity. Interaction of the patterns with mammalian cells has been investigated by culturing L929 mouse fibroblast cells on the ConA printed glass surface. Cell culture results obtained from the microcontact printed patterns have also been compared and benchmarked with another patterning technique named micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC). It has been revealed that in spite of molecular level heterogeneity and agglomeration of protein molecules in microcontact printed form, they can still interact with cell surface glycoproteins, impede the mobility of membrane receptor which results in altered morphology of the fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Lebed K, Kulik AJ, Forró L, Lekka M. Lectin–carbohydrate affinity measured using a quartz crystal microbalance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 299:41-8. [PMID: 16529761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The association of two molecules is described by two parameters, association equilibrium and association rate constants, which are characteristic for a given type of interaction. Usually, they are determined for interacting molecules dissolved in solution. However, for many applications one type of molecules is immobilized on a substrate, which may influence the binding kinetics. The studied complex of concanavalin A and carboxypeptidase Y belongs to the lectin-carbohydrate type of interaction involving the recognition of oligosaccharide moieties. The concanavalin A was immobilized on a gold electrode of quartz crystal, while carboxypeptidase Y was added to a buffer (Tris-buffered saline). The constants describing the association of the investigated molecules were determined on the basis of measurements performed using a quartz crystal microbalance in liquid. The obtained values were (0.59+/-0.01)x10(6) M(-1) for the association equilibrium constant and (5.6+/-0.1)x10(4) M(-1)s(-1) for the association rate constant. The saturation binding experiment gave another value of the association constant, (2.7+/-0.02)x10(6) M(-1). The comparison of obtained values with previously published ones verifies that the molecule orientation and binding site accessibility for specific ligands could influence the association equilibrium constant value. The presented measurements demonstrate the ability of a quartz crystal microbalance to detect and to evaluate the association process occurring between molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Lebed
- The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
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Pohl WH, Hellmuth H, Hilbert M, Seibel J, Walla PJ. A Two-Photon Fluorescence-Correlation Study of Lectins Interacting with Carbohydrated 20 nm Beads. Chembiochem 2006; 7:268-74. [PMID: 16408309 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present results of a two-photon fluorescence-correlation study carried out with glycosylated and untreated 20 nm fluorescing spheres that interacted with the carbohydrate-binding proteins soybean agglutinin (SBA) and concanavalin A (Con A). The assay principle allows protein-carbohydrate binding interactions to be determined without protein labeling. This assay might serve as a simple model system for studying physical and chemical interactions between proteins and carbohydrates, for example, at cell or virus surfaces. In experiments with galactosylated 20 nm beads and SBA, several stages of protein-carbohydrate interactions could be clearly distinguished. Initially, only a few lectins bound to the nanospheres. At higher lectin concentrations polymerization occurred, and aggregates consisting of about 2.6 x 10(5) glycosylated nanospheres were formed. At very high lectin concentrations, the degree of polymerization dropped, and the size of single SBA-covered nanospheres increased to approximately 40 nm. When Con A was used instead of SBA, a significantly smaller degree of aggregation (4 x 10(4) spheres) was obtained. Treatment of unglycosylated 20 nm beads with SBA as a negative control sample resulted in a much lower unspecific aggregation (5 x 10(3) spheres). The assay principle can thus help to elucidate relative binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke H Pohl
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Spectroscopy and Photochemical Kinetics, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Kuno A, Uchiyama N, Koseki-Kuno S, Ebe Y, Takashima S, Yamada M, Hirabayashi J. Evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted lectin microarray: a new strategy for glycan profiling. Nat Methods 2005; 2:851-6. [PMID: 16278656 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycans have important roles in living organisms with their structural diversity. Thus, glycomics, especially aspects involving the assignment of functional glycans in a high-throughput manner, has been an emerging field in the postproteomics era. To date, however, there has been no versatile method for glycan profiling. Here we describe a new microarray procedure based on an evanescent-field fluorescence-detection principle, which allows sensitive, real-time observation of multiple lectin-carbohydrate interactions under equilibrium conditions. The method allows quantitative detection of even weak lectin-carbohydrate interactions (dissociation constant, K(d) > 10(-6) M) as fluorescent signals for 39 immobilized lectins. We derived fully specific signal patterns for various Cy3-labeled glycoproteins, glycopeptides and tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-labeled oligosaccharides. The obtained results were consistent with the previous reports of glycoprotein and lectin specificities. We investigated the latter aspects in detail by frontal affinity chromatography, another profiling method. Thus, the developed lectin microarray should contribute to creation of a new paradigm for glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kuno
- Research Center for Glycoscience (RCG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 2; Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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Khan I, Desai DV, Kumar A. Carbochips: a new energy for old biobuilders. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 98:331-7. [PMID: 16233715 PMCID: PMC7129675 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(04)00291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microarray technology has come of age for use in high-throughput operations and large-scale studies. It allows rapid and simultaneous detection of thousands of parameters within a single experiment. Recent developments in the field of carbohydrate microarray technology facilitate applications for different types of protein–carbohydrate interactions. These developments included capture molecule immobilization, surface engineering and detection strategies to analyze entire glycomes and glycosylation in vertebrate systems, the most common post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Institute of Bioinformtics, Unit 1, Discoverer, 7th Floor, International Technology Park Limited, Whitefield Road, Bangalore 560068, India
| | - Dattatraya V. Desai
- Bioinformatics Sub-centre, School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Bioinformatics Sub-centre, School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, India
- Corresponding author. Phone: +91-731-2470372, 2470373 fax: +91-731-2470372
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Miura T, Tsujino S, Satoh A, Goto K, Mizuno M, Noguchi M, Kajimoto T, Node M, Murakami Y, Imai N, Inazu T. Fluorescence modification of Gb3 oligosaccharide and rapid synthesis of oligosaccharide moieties using fluorous protective group. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sörme P, Kahl-Knutsson B, Huflejt M, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H. Fluorescence polarization as an analytical tool to evaluate galectin-ligand interactions. Anal Biochem 2005; 334:36-47. [PMID: 15464951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of beta-galactose binding lectins associated with functions such as immunological and malignant events. To study the binding affinity of galectins for natural and artificial saccharides and glycoconjugates we have developed an assay using fluorescence polarization. A collection of fluorescein-conjugated saccharides was synthesized and used as probes with galectins-1 and -3 and the two carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-4. Direct binding of a fixed probe amount with different amounts of each galectin defined specificity and selectivity and permitted selection of the optimal probe for inhibition studies. Then fixed amounts of galectin and selected probe were used to screen the inhibitory potency of a library of nonfluorescent compounds. As the assay is in solution and does not require separation of free and bound probe, it is simple and rapid and can easily be applied to different unlabeled galectins. As all interaction components are known, K(d) values for galectin-inhibitor interaction can be directly calculated without approximation other than the assumption of a simple one-site competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Sörme
- Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
An overview is presented for the current DNA-based microarray market, including applications for microarrays in areas such as gene expression, single-nucleotide polymorphism, strain differentiation, de novo DNA synthesis, aptamers and advances in 'in situ' synthesis technology. The development of new detection methods, simplified methodologies and broad application to molecular diagnostics are rapidly migrating microarray technologies into the arena of diagnostics and personalized medicine. Comparisons of microarray technologies from various manufacturers are presented.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Dill
- CombiMatrix Corporation, Inc., 6500 Harbour Heights Parkway, Suite 301, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA.
| | - Andy McShea
- CombiMatrix Corporation, Inc., 6500 Harbour Heights Parkway, Suite 301, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA
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Osumi K, Makino Y, Akaike E, Yamanoi T, Mizuno M, Noguchi M, Inazu T, Yamamoto K, Fujita K. Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase can transglycosylate a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide from an ovalbumin glycopeptide. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2633-5. [PMID: 15476727 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We found that the recombinant endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase of Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) expressed in Candida boidinii had the transglycosylation activity of transferring a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide from an ovalbumin glycopeptide to the acceptor (p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside) in a good yield of 43%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Osumi
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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