Synthesis of cinnamic acids and related isosteres as potent and selective αvβ3 receptor antagonists

Biological activities of guanidine compounds

BACKGROUND

The guanidine group defines chemical and physicochemical properties of many compounds of medical interest and guanidine-containing derivatives constitute a very important class of therapeutic agents suitable for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases.

OBJECTIVE

To review the most important pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses of simple guanidine derivatives, cyclic analogues of guanidines as well as peptides, peptidomimetics and peptoids incorporating arginine.

METHODS

The review presents both the recent patent literature and original papers dealing with guanidine derivatives that show interesting biological activity and emphasizes the newest developing drugs.

CONCLUSION

Recent achievements in the synthesis of guanidine-containing molecules with diverse chemical, biochemical and pharmacological properties make them of great importance to the design and development of novel drugs acting at CNS, anti-inflammatory agents, inhibitors of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, inhibitors of NO synthase, antithrombotic, antidiabetic and chemotherapeutic agents as well as guanidinium-based transporters and vectors.

Potent macrocyclic antagonists to the motilin receptor presenting novel unnatural amino acids

Novel, potent small molecule motilin receptor antagonists are described. These peptidomimetic macrocycles are composed of a tripeptide cyclized backbone-to-backbone with a nonpeptidic tether and bear new unnatural amino acids containing basic side chains.

Synthesis of pyrazoles and isoxazoles as potent αvβ3 receptor antagonists

We describe a series of pyrazole and isoxazole analogs as antagonists of the alpha(v)beta3 receptor. Compounds showed low to sub-nanomolar potency against alpha(v)beta3, as well as good selectivity against alpha(IIb)beta3. In HT29 cells, most analogs also demonstrated significant selectivity against alpha(v)beta6. Several compounds showed good pharmacokinetic properties in rats, in addition to anti-angiogenic activity in a mouse corneal micropocket model. Compounds were synthesized in a straightforward manner from readily available glutarate precursors.

Synthesis of 2,5-thiazole butanoic acids as potent and selective αvβ3 integrin receptor antagonists with improved oral pharmacokinetic properties

We describe a series of 2,5 thiazole containing compounds, which are potent antagonists of the integrin alpha(v)beta3 and show selectivity relative to the other integrins, such as alpha(IIb)beta3 and alpha(v)beta6. These analogs were demonstrated to have high bioavailability relative to other relative heterocyclic analogs.

Convergent, parallel synthesis of a series of beta-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole butanoic acids as potent and selective alpha(v)beta3 receptor antagonists

We describe a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, which are potent antagonists of the integrin alpha(v)beta3 and, in addition, show selectivity relative to the other beta3 integrin alpha(IIb)beta3. In whole cells, the majority of these analogs also demonstrated modest selectivity against other alpha(v) integrins such as alpha(v)beta1 and alpha(v)beta6.