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Vitello R, Taouba H, Derand M, Liégeois JF. The Bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) Alkaloids Cepharanthine and Berbamine Are Ligands of SK Channels. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:215-220. [PMID: 38352826 PMCID: PMC10860169 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cepharanthine, a multitarget alkaloid which has recently been shown to be effective against SARS-Cov-2, and berbamine, an alkaloid characterized as a calcium channel blocker, both share key structural elements with known small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel blockers. These structural similarities led us to evaluate their affinity for SK channels. Therefore, we performed in vitro binding on SK2 and SK3 subtypes and highlighted micromolar to sub-micromolar affinities. Respectively, the Ki values on SK2 and SK3 are 1,318 μM and 1,091 μM for cepharanthine and 0,284 μM and 0,679 μM for berbamine. These newfound affinities correspond to the concentrations at which the alkaloids are found to be active against several pathologies. As SK interactions occur at the same levels as their therapeutic effects, there is a strong incentive to further investigate whether SK channels are involved in their pharmaceutical potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Vitello
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Liège (4000), Belgium
| | - Hossein Taouba
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Liège (4000), Belgium
| | - Marine Derand
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Liège (4000), Belgium
| | - Jean-François Liégeois
- University of Liège (ULiège), CIRM, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Liège (4000), Belgium
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Yang D, Arifhodzic L, Ganellin CR, Jenkinson DH. Further studies on bis-charged tetraazacyclophanes as potent inhibitors of small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:907-23. [PMID: 23685886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, quinolinium-based tetraazacyclophanes, such as UCL 1684 and UCL 1848, have been shown to be extraordinarily sensitive to changes in chemical structure (especially to the size of the cyclophane system) with respect to activity as potent non-peptidic blockers of the small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) ion channels (SKCa). The present work has sought to optimize the structure of the linking chains in UCL 1848. We report the synthesis and SKCa channel-blocking activity of 29 analogues of UCL 1848 in which the central CH2 of UCL 1848 is replaced by other groups X or Y = O, S, CF2, CO, CHOH, CC, CHCH, CHMe to explore whether subtle changes in bond length or flexibility can improve potency still further. The possibility of improving potency by introducing ring substituents has also been explored by synthesizing and testing 25 analogues of UCL 1684 and UCL 1848 with substituents (NO2, NH2, CF3, F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, OCF3, OH) in the 5, 6 or 7 positions of the aminoquinolinium rings. As in our earlier work, each compound was assayed for inhibition of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in rat sympathetic neurons, an action mediated by the SK3 subtype of the SKCa channel. One of the new compounds (39, R(7) = Cl, UCL 2053) is twice as potent as UCL 1848 and UCL 1684: seven are comparable in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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French DC, Lutz MR, Lu C, Zeller M, Becker DP. A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characterization of the Solvent Dependence of the Saddle−Crown Equilibrium of Cyclotriveratrylene Oxime. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8258-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901796z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. French
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 North Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60626, and Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, 1 University Plaza, Youngstown Ohio 44555
| | - Marlon R. Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 North Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60626, and Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, 1 University Plaza, Youngstown Ohio 44555
| | - Chichi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 North Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60626, and Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, 1 University Plaza, Youngstown Ohio 44555
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 North Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60626, and Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, 1 University Plaza, Youngstown Ohio 44555
| | - Daniel P. Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 North Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60626, and Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, 1 University Plaza, Youngstown Ohio 44555
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Rajakumar P, Raja R, Selvam S, Rengasamy R, Nagaraj S. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some novel imidazole-based dicationic quinolinophanes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3466-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sørensen US, Strøbæk D, Christophersen P, Hougaard C, Jensen ML, Nielsen EØ, Peters D, Teuber L. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of 2-(N-Substituted)-aminobenzimidazoles as Potent Negative Gating Modulators of Small Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7625-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800809f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorte Strøbæk
- NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Peters
- NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Lene Teuber
- NeuroSearch A/S, Pederstrupvej 93, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
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Dilly S, Graulich A, Farce A, Seutin V, Liegeois JF, Chavatte P. Identification of a pharmacophore of SKCa channel blockers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:517-23. [PMID: 16408787 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500210989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK) are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. Three subtypes of SK channels have so far been identified in different parts of the brain. Activation of the SK channels by a rise in intracellular calcium leads to the hyperpolarisation of the membrane, reducing cell excitability. Blocking the SK channels might be beneficial in the treatment of depression, Parkinson's disease and cognitive disorders. However, few blockers of SK channels have been characterized. In this study, a pharmacophoric model of SK channels blockers is presented. It is based on a series of nonpeptidic compounds and apamin, a peptidic blocker. To create the pharmacophore model, the conformational space of nonpeptidic blockers was investigated to generate a series of distance constraints applied to a simulated annealing study of apamin. The resulting conformation was superimposed with the nonpeptidic blockers to give a pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Dilly
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, EA1 043, 3 rue du professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
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Wulff H, Zhorov BS. K+ channel modulators for the treatment of neurological disorders and autoimmune diseases. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1744-73. [PMID: 18476673 PMCID: PMC2714671 DOI: 10.1021/cr078234p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Lutz MR, French DC, Rehage P, Becker DP. Isolation of the saddle and crown conformers of cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) oxime. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fletcher DI, Ganellin CR, Piergentili A, Dunn PM, Jenkinson DH. Synthesis and pharmacological testing of polyaminoquinolines as blockers of the apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channel (SK(Ca)). Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5457-79. [PMID: 17560109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological testing of a series of non-peptidic blockers of the SK(Ca) (SK-3) channel is described. Target compounds were designed to mimic the spatial relationships of selected key residues in the energy-minimised structure of the octadecapeptide apamin, which are a highly potent blocker of this channel. Structures consist of a central unit, either a fumaric acid or an aromatic ring, to which are attached two alkylguanidine or two to four alkylaminoquinoline substituents. Potency was tested by the ability to inhibit the SK(Ca) channel-mediated after-hyperpolarization (AHP) in cultured rat sympathetic neurones. It was found that bis-aminoquinoline derivatives are significantly more potent as channel blockers than are the corresponding guanidines. This adds to the earlier evidence that delocalisation of positive charge through the more extensive aminoquinolinium ring system is important for effective channel binding. It was also found that an increase in activity can be gained by the addition of a third aminoquinoline residue to give non-quaternized amines which have submicromolar potencies (IC(50)=0.13-0.36 microM). Extension to four aminoquinoline residues increased the potency to IC(50)=93 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Abstract
The development of our knowledge of the function, structure and pharmacology of K(+) channels is briefly outlined. This is the most diverse of all the ion channel families with at least 75 coding genes in mammals. Alternative splicing as well as variations in the channel subunits and accessory proteins that co-assemble to form the functional channel add to the multiplicity. Whereas diversity of this order suggests that it may be possible to develop new classes of drug, for example, for immunomodulation and some diseases of the central nervous system, the ubiquity of K(+) channels imposes stringent requirements for selectivity. Animal toxins from the snake, bee and scorpion provide useful leads, though only in a few instances (e.g. with apamin) it has been possible to produce non-peptidic analogues of high potency. The scale of the resources needed to identify, and characterize fully, specific K(+) channel as targets and then develop modulators with the required selectivity presents a challenge to both academic and applied pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Jenkinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT.
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