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Abdellah IM, Eletmany MR, Abdelhamid AA, Alghamdi HS, Abdalla AN, Elhenawy AA, Latif FMAE. One-pot synthesis of novel poly-substituted 3-cyanopyridines: Molecular docking, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, and DFT/TD-DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2023; 1289:135864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM, Said AY, Elneairy MAA. Pyridine‐2(
1
H
)‐thiones: Versatile precursors for one‐pot synthesis of new
nicotinonitrile‐thiazole
hybrids. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y. Said
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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In-vitro antitumor activity of new quaternary phosphonium salts, derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:682-690. [PMID: 29738336 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the results of in-vitro biological activity studies of three novel anticancer agents, phosphonium salts based on the 3-hydroxypyridine scaffold, including one derivative of 4-deoxypyridoxine. Proliferation and viability of cells treated with these compounds was assessed by the colony formation and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Effects of the compounds on apoptosis and cell cycle were studied by flow cytometry using annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide and propidium iodide staining, respectively. The influence of the compounds on mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species was evaluated using tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl and DCFHA staining. Western blot analysis was used to study the changes in the expression of Bcl-xL, Bax, and caspase-3 apoptotic proteins. The treatment of ovarian adenocarcinoma cells OVCAR-4 with the tested compounds inhibited the growth and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. 3-Hydroxypyridine derivatives induced apoptosis by hyperexpression of Bax and caspase-3, whereas 4-deoxypyridoxine derivative induced cell death partly by reactive oxygen species generation and caspase-3 hyperexpression. These results indicate that the quaternary phosphonium salts studied represent potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Malki A, Mohsen M, Aziz H, Rizk O, Shaban O, El-Sayed M, Sherif ZA, Ashour H. New 3-Cyano-2-Substituted Pyridines Induce Apoptosis in MCF 7 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020230. [PMID: 26901182 PMCID: PMC6274259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of new 3-cyano-2-substituted pyridines bearing various pharmacophores and functionalities at position 2 is described. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-cancer activities on five cancer cell lines using 5-FU as reference compound. The results revealed that the benzohydrazide derivative 9a induced growth inhibition in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with an IC50 value of 2 μM and it showed lower cytotoxicity on MCF-12a normal breast epithelial cells. Additionally, 9a induced apoptotic morphological changes and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 in a dose and time-dependent manner according to an enzyme linked immunosorbent apoptosis assay which is further confirmed by a TUNEL assay. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that 9a arrested MCF-7 cells in the G1 phase, which was further confirmed by increased expression of p21 and p27 and reduced expression of CDK2 and CDK4. Western blot data revealed significant upregulation of the expression of p53, Bax, caspase-3 and down-regulation of Bcl-2, Mdm-2 and Akt. Additionally, 9a increased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm which provokes the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway while it showed no significant change on the expression of the death receptor proteins procaspase-8, caspase-8 and FAS. Furthermore, 9a reduced the expression of phospho AKT and β-catenin in dose dependent manner while inhibiting the expression of migration-related genes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our findings suggest that compound 9a could be considered as a lead structure for further development of more potent apoptosis inducing agents with anti-metastatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Malki
- Biomedical Science Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mona Mohsen
- Biomedical Science Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Hassan Aziz
- Biomedical Science Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Ola Rizk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University, Alexandria, 21311, Egypt.
| | - Omima Shaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University, Alexandria, 21311, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Zaki A Sherif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University, College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Hayam Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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Xie A, Odde S, Prasanna S, Doerksen RJ. Imidazole-containing farnesyltransferase inhibitors: 3D quantitative structure-activity relationships and molecular docking. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2009; 23:431-48. [PMID: 19479325 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-009-9278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the most promising anticancer and recent antimalarial targets is the heterodimeric zinc-containing protein farnesyltransferase (FT). In this work, we studied a highly diverse series of 192 Abbott-initiated imidazole-containing compounds and their FT inhibitory activities using 3D-QSAR and docking, in order to gain understanding of the interaction of these inhibitors with FT to aid development of a rational strategy for further lead optimization. We report several highly significant and predictive CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The best model, composed of CoMFA steric and electrostatic fields combined with CoMSIA hydrophobic and H-bond acceptor fields, had r (2) = 0.878, q (2) = 0.630, and r (pred) (2) = 0.614. Docking studies on the statistical outliers revealed that some of them had a different binding mode in the FT active site based on steric bulk and available active site space, explaining why the predicted activities differed from the experimental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
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Puntambekar DS, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Insights into the structural requirements of farnesyltransferase inhibitors as potential anti-tumor agents based on 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA models. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:142-54. [PMID: 17448576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) study was performed on three different chemical series reported as selective farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors employing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices (CoMSIA) techniques to investigate the structural requirements for substrates and derive a predictive model that may be used for the design of novel FTase inhibitors. Removal of outliers improved the predictive power of models developed for all three structurally diverse classes of compounds. 3D-QSAR models were derived for 3-aminopyrrolidinone derivatives (training set N=38, test set N=7), 2-amino-nicotinonitriles (training set N=46, test set N=13) and 1-aryl-1'-imidazolyl methyl ethers (training set N=35, test set N=5). The CoMFA models with steric and electrostatic fields exhibited r(2)(cv) 0.479-0.803, r(2)(ncv) 0.945-0.993, r(2)(pred) 0.686-0.811. The CoMSIA models displayed r(2)(cv) 0.411-0.814, r(2)(ncv) 0.923-0.984, r(2)(pred) 0.399-0.787. 3D contour maps generated from these models were analyzed individually, which provide the regions in space where interactive fields may influence the activity. The superimposition of contour maps on the active site of farnesyltransferase additionally helps in understanding the structural requirements of these inhibitors. 3D-QSAR models developed may guide our efforts in designing and predicting the FTase inhibitory activity of novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra S Puntambekar
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, PO Box 51, Baroda 390 001, Gujarat, India
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Equbal T, Silakari O, Rambabu G, Ravikumar M. Pharmacophore mapping of diverse classes of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1594-600. [PMID: 17236767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2006] [Revised: 12/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) is a zinc-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of a farnesyl lipid group to the sulfur atom of a cysteine residue of numerous proteins involved in cell signaling including the oncogenic H-Ras protein. Pharmacophore models were developed by using Catalyst HypoGen program with a training set of 22 farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), which were carefully selected with great diversity in both molecular structure and bioactivity for discovering new potent FTIs. The best pharmacophore hypothesis (Hypo 1), consisting of four features, namely, one hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA), one hydrophobic point (HY), and two ring aromatics (RA), has a correlation coefficient of 0.961, a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.885, and a cost difference of 62.436, suggesting that a highly predictive pharmacophore model was successfully obtained. For the test series, a classification scheme was used to distinguish highly active from moderately active and inactive compounds on the basis of activity ranges. Hypo 1 was validated with 181 test set compounds, which has a correlation coefficient of 0.713 between estimated activity and experimentally measured activity. The model was further validated by screening a database spiked with 25 known inhibitors. The model picked up all 25 known inhibitors giving an enrichment factor of 10.892. The results demonstrate that the hypothesis derived in this study can be considered to be a useful and reliable tool in identifying structurally diverse compounds with desired biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabish Equbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147-002, India
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Sousa SF, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ. Protein-ligand docking: current status and future challenges. Proteins 2006; 65:15-26. [PMID: 16862531 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the ruling principles whereby protein receptors recognize, interact, and associate with molecular substrates and inhibitors is of paramount importance in drug discovery efforts. Protein-ligand docking aims to predict and rank the structure(s) arising from the association between a given ligand and a target protein of known 3D structure. Despite the breathtaking advances in the field over the last decades and the widespread application of docking methods, several downsides still exist. In particular, protein flexibility-a critical aspect for a thorough understanding of the principles that guide ligand binding in proteins-is a major hurdle in current protein-ligand docking efforts that needs to be more efficiently accounted for. In this review the key concepts of protein-ligand docking methods are outlined, with major emphasis being given to the general strengths and weaknesses that presently characterize this methodology. Despite the size of the field, the principal types of search algorithms and scoring functions are reviewed and the most popular docking tools are briefly depicted. Recent advances that aim to address some of the traditional limitations associated with molecular docking are also described. A selection of hand-picked examples is used to illustrate these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Filipe Sousa
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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