1
|
Dillemans L, De Somer L, Neerinckx B, Proost P. A review of the pleiotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligands in the synovial microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:78. [PMID: 36862204 PMCID: PMC11071919 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are pivotal players in instigation and perpetuation of synovitis through leukocytes egress from the blood circulation into the inflamed articulation. Multitudinous literature addressing the involvement of the dual-function interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis emphasizes the need for detangling their etiopathological relevance. Through interaction with their mutual receptor CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 exert their hallmark function of coordinating directional trafficking of CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells towards inflammatory niches. Among other (patho)physiological processes including infection, cancer, and angiostasis, IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands have been implicated in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the abundant presence of IFN-induced CXCR3 ligands in bodily fluids of patients with inflammatory arthritis, the outcomes of their selective depletion in rodent models, and the attempts at developing candidate drugs targeting the CXCR3 chemokine system. We further propose that the involvement of the CXCR3 binding chemokines in synovitis and joint remodeling encompasses more than solely the directional ingress of CXCR3-expressing leukocytes. The pleotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands in the synovial niche reiteratively illustrate the extensive complexity of the CXCR3 chemokine network, which is based on the intercommunion of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands with distinct CXCR3 isoforms, enzymes, cytokines, and infiltrated and resident cells present in the inflamed joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Neerinckx
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammadkhani L, Heravi MM. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Quinazolines and Quinazolinones: An Overview. Front Chem 2020; 8:580086. [PMID: 33282829 PMCID: PMC7705381 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave irradiation (MWI), as a unique, effective, sustainable, more economic, and greener source of energy compared to conventional heating, is applied in different organic transformations to result in the rapid formation of desired compounds due to thermal/kinetic effects. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of microwave irradiation (MWI) in the synthesis of quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives that have been achieved and reported on in the last two decades.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are known to play important roles in disease. More than 40 chemokine ligands and 20 chemokine receptors have been identified, but, to date, only two small molecule chemokine receptor antagonists have been approved by the FDA. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 was identified in 1996, and nearly 20 years later, new areas of CXCR3 disease biology continue to emerge. Several classes of small molecule CXCR3 antagonists have been developed, and two have shown efficacy in preclinical models of inflammatory disease. However, only one CXCR3 antagonist has been evaluated in clinical trials, and there remain many opportunities to further investigate known classes of CXCR3 antagonists and to identify new chemotypes. This Perspective reviews the known CXCR3 antagonists and considers future opportunities for the development of small molecules for clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Andrews
- Heptares Therapeutics , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Rhona J Cox
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity iMed, AstraZeneca, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED , Pepparedsleden, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Exploring the CXCR3 Chemokine Receptor with Small-Molecule Antagonists and Agonists. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
5
|
Scholten DJ, Roumen L, Wijtmans M, Verkade-Vreeker MCA, Custers H, Lai M, de Hooge D, Canals M, de Esch IJP, Smit MJ, de Graaf C, Leurs R. Identification of Overlapping but Differential Binding Sites for the High-Affinity CXCR3 Antagonists NBI-74330 and VUF11211. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:116-26. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
6
|
Vanparia SF, Patel TS, Dixit RB, Dixit BC. Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of some newer quinazolinone–sulfonamide linked hybrid heterocyclic entities derived from glycine. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Bernat V, Heinrich MR, Baumeister P, Buschauer A, Tschammer N. Synthesis and Application of the First Radioligand Targeting the Allosteric Binding Pocket of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1481-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
8
|
Jenh CH, Cox MA, Cui L, Reich EP, Sullivan L, Chen SC, Kinsley D, Qian S, Kim SH, Rosenblum S, Kozlowski J, Fine JS, Zavodny PJ, Lundell D. A selective and potent CXCR3 antagonist SCH 546738 attenuates the development of autoimmune diseases and delays graft rejection. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:2. [PMID: 22233170 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCR3 receptor and its three interferon-inducible ligands (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been implicated as playing a central role in directing a Th1 inflammatory response. Recent studies strongly support that the CXCR3 receptor is a very attractive therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, and to prevent transplant rejection. We describe here the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterizations of a novel and potent small molecule CXCR3 antagonist, SCH 546738. RESULTS In this study, we evaluated in vitro pharmacological properties of SCH 546738 by radioligand receptor binding and human activated T cell chemotaxis assays. In vivo efficacy of SCH 546738 was determined by mouse collagen-induced arthritis, rat and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and rat cardiac transplantation models. We show that SCH 546738 binds to human CXCR3 with a high affinity of 0.4 nM. In addition, SCH 546738 displaces radiolabeled CXCL10 and CXCL11 from human CXCR3 with IC50 ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 nM in a non-competitive manner. SCH 546738 potently and specifically inhibits CXCR3-mediated chemotaxis in human activated T cells with IC90 about 10 nM. SCH 546738 attenuates the disease development in mouse collagen-induced arthritis model. SCH 546738 also significantly reduces disease severity in rat and mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Furthermore, SCH 546738 alone achieves dose-dependent prolongation of rat cardiac allograft survival. Most significantly, SCH 546738 in combination with CsA supports permanent engraftment. CONCLUSIONS SCH 546738 is a novel, potent and non-competitive small molecule CXCR3 antagonist. It is efficacious in multiple preclinical disease models. These results demonstrate that therapy with CXCR3 antagonists may serve as a new strategy for treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, and to prevent transplant rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Her Jenh
- Department of Respiratory and Immunology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kralj A, Wetzel A, Mahmoudian S, Stamminger T, Tschammer N, Heinrich MR. Identification of novel allosteric modulators for the G-protein coupled US28 receptor of human cytomegalovirus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5446-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Thoma G, Baenteli R, Lewis I, Jones D, Kovarik J, Streiff MB, Zerwes HG. Special ergolines efficiently inhibit the chemokine receptor CXCR3 in blood. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4745-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
11
|
CXCR3 antagonists: Quaternary ammonium salts equipped with biphenyl- and polycycloaliphatic-anchors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3384-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
12
|
Wijtmans M, de Esch IJP, Leurs R. Therapeutic Targeting of the CXCR3 Receptor. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527631995.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
13
|
Thoma G, Baenteli R, Lewis I, Wagner T, Oberer L, Blum W, Glickman F, Streiff MB, Zerwes HG. Special ergolines are highly selective, potent antagonists of the chemokine receptor CXCR3: Discovery, characterization and preliminary SAR of a promising lead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6185-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
14
|
Wijtmans M, Verzijl D, van Dam CM, Bosch L, Smit MJ, Leurs R, de Esch IJ. Exploring a pocket for polycycloaliphatic groups in the CXCR3 receptor with the aid of a modular synthetic strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2252-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Wang Y, Busch-Petersen J, Wang F, Kiesow TJ, Graybill TL, Jin J, Yang Z, Foley JJ, Hunsberger GE, Schmidt DB, Sarau HM, Capper-Spudich EA, Wu Z, Fisher LS, McQueney MS, Rivero RA, Widdowson KL. Camphor sulfonamide derivatives as novel, potent and selective CXCR3 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:114-8. [PMID: 19014886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-arylpiperazine camphor sulfonamides was discovered as novel CXCR3 antagonists. The synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and optimization of the initial hit that resulted in the identification of potent and selective CXCR3 antagonists are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wang
- Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bongartz JP, Buntinx M, Coesemans E, Hermans B, Lommen GV, Wauwe JV. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of benzetimide derivatives as human CXCR3 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5819-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Wijtmans M, Verzijl D, Leurs R, de Esch IJ, Smit M. Towards Small-Molecule CXCR3 Ligands with Clinical Potential. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:861-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
18
|
Brunton SA, Stibbard JHA, Rubin LL, Kruse LI, Guicherit OM, Boyd EA, Price S. Potent Inhibitors of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1108-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jm070694n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley A. Brunton
- Evotec, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RX, United Kingdom, and Curis Inc., 61 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-1118
| | - John H. A. Stibbard
- Evotec, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RX, United Kingdom, and Curis Inc., 61 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-1118
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Evotec, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RX, United Kingdom, and Curis Inc., 61 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-1118
| | - Lawrence I. Kruse
- Evotec, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RX, United Kingdom, and Curis Inc., 61 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-1118
| | - Oivin M. Guicherit
- Evotec, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RX, United Kingdom, and Curis Inc., 61 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-1118
| | - Edward A. Boyd
- Evotec, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RX, United Kingdom, and Curis Inc., 61 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-1118
| | - Steven Price
- Evotec, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RX, United Kingdom, and Curis Inc., 61 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-1118
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Verzijl D, Storelli S, Scholten DJ, Bosch L, Reinhart TA, Streblow DN, Tensen CP, Fitzsimons CP, Zaman GJR, Pease JE, de Esch IJP, Smit MJ, Leurs R. Noncompetitive antagonism and inverse agonism as mechanism of action of nonpeptidergic antagonists at primate and rodent CXCR3 chemokine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:544-55. [PMID: 18270317 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.134783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is involved in various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and allograft rejection in transplantation patients. The CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are expressed at sites of inflammation, and they attract CXCR3-bearing lymphocytes, thus contributing to the inflammatory process. In this study, we characterize five nonpeptidergic compounds of different chemical classes that block the action of CXCL10 and CXCL11 at the human CXCR3, i.e., the 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives N-1R-[3-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-ethyl-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-2-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-acetamide (VUF10472/NBI-74330) and N-1R-[3-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-ethyl-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-acetamide (VUF10085/AMG-487), the 3H-quinazolin-4-one decanoic acid {1-[3-(4-cyano-phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazolin-2-yl]-ethyl}-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-amide (VUF5834), the imidazolium compound 1,3-bis-[2-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-3H-imidazol-1-ium bromide (VUF10132), and the quaternary ammonium anilide N,N-dimethyl-N-[4-[[[2-(4-methylphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-8-yl]-carbonyl]amino]benzyl] tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-aminium chloride (TAK-779). To understand the action of these CXCR3 antagonists in various animal models of disease, the compounds were also tested at rat and mouse CXCR3, as well as at CXCR3 from rhesus macaque, which was cloned and characterized for the first time in this study. Except for TAK-779, all compounds show slightly lower affinity for rodent CXCR3 than for primate CXCR3. In addition, we have characterized the molecular mechanism of action of the various antagonists at the human CXCR3 receptor. All tested compounds act as noncompetitive antagonists at CXCR3. Moreover, this noncompetitive behavior is accompanied by inverse agonistic properties of all five compounds as determined on an identified constitutively active mutant of CXCR3, CXCR3 N3.35A. It is interesting to note that all compounds except TAK-779 act as full inverse agonists at CXCR3 N3.35A. TAK-779 shows weak partial inverse agonism at CXCR3 N3.35A, and it probably has a different mode of interaction with CXCR3 than the other two classes of small-molecule inverse agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Verzijl
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center of Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Watson RJ, Allen DR, Birch HL, Chapman GA, Galvin FC, Jopling LA, Knight RL, Meier D, Oliver K, Meissner JW, Owen DA, Thomas EJ, Tremayne N, Williams SC. Development of CXCR3 antagonists. Part 3: Tropenyl and homotropenyl-piperidine urea derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:147-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Development of CXCR3 antagonists. Part 2: Identification of 2-amino(4-piperidinyl)azoles as potent CXCR3 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6806-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
22
|
Storelli S, Verzijl D, Al-Badie J, Elders N, Bosch L, Timmerman H, Smit MJ, De Esch IJP, Leurs R. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3H-quinazolin-4-ones and 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones as CXCR3 receptor antagonists. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2007; 340:281-91. [PMID: 17562560 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor-3 (CXCR3) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly expressed on activated T lymphocytes that promote Th1 responses. Previously, we described the 3H-quinazolin-4-one containing VUF 5834 (decanoic acid {1-[3-(4-cyano-phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazolin-2-yl]-ethyl}-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-amide) as a small-molecule CXCR3 antagonist with submicromolar affinity and as a lead structure for the development of CXCR3 antagonists. More recently, the related 3H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one compounds AMG 487 and NBI-74330 have been reported as nanomolar CXCR3 antagonists and these ligands are currently under clinical investigation. The aim of this study is to link the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the previously published class of 3H-quinazolin-4-one containing CXCR3 ligands with these novel clinical candidates. From the modification of the lead structure VUF 5834 emerged the importance of the (4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetyl and the 3-methylen-pyridine as substituents to improve the affinity at the human CXCR3 receptor, whereas other features are less important. The described molecules serve as tool to investigate the role of the CXCR3 receptor in various inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Storelli
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Blakeney JS, Reid RC, Le GT, Fairlie DP. Nonpeptidic Ligands for Peptide-Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2960-3041. [PMID: 17622179 DOI: 10.1021/cr050984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade S Blakeney
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Johnson M, Li AR, Liu J, Fu Z, Zhu L, Miao S, Wang X, Xu Q, Huang A, Marcus A, Xu F, Ebsworth K, Sablan E, Danao J, Kumer J, Dairaghi D, Lawrence C, Sullivan T, Tonn G, Schall T, Collins T, Medina J. Discovery and optimization of a series of quinazolinone-derived antagonists of CXCR3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3339-43. [PMID: 17448658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinazolinone-derived inhibitors of the CXCR3 receptor have been synthesized and their affinity for the receptor evaluated. Compounds were evaluated in a (125)I-IP10 displacement assay and in in vitro cell migration assays to IP10, ITAC, and MIG using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Johnson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Allen DR, Bolt A, Chapman GA, Knight RL, Meissner JWG, Owen DA, Watson RJ. Identification and structure-activity relationships of 1-aryl-3-piperidin-4-yl-urea derivatives as CXCR3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:697-701. [PMID: 17097877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 1-aryl-3-piperidin-4-yl-urea derivatives as small-molecule CXCR3 antagonists is described. SAR studies resulted in significant improvement of potency and physicochemical properties and established the key pharmacophore of the series, and led to the identification of 9t, which exhibits an IC50 of 16 nM in the GTPgammaS35 functional assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Allen
- UCB, Inflammation Discovery, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stroke IL, Cole AG, Simhadri S, Brescia MR, Desai M, Zhang JJ, Merritt JR, Appell KC, Henderson I, Webb ML. Identification of CXCR3 receptor agonists in combinatorial small-molecule libraries. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:221-8. [PMID: 16930533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In a high-throughput screen of four million compounds from combinatorial libraries for small-molecule modulators of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, two classes of receptor agonists, based on tetrahydroisoquinoline and piperidinyl diazepanone templates, were identified. Several of these compounds stimulated calcium flux in HEK293 cells expressing the recombinant human CXCR3 receptor with efficacies and kinetics similar to those of native ligand CXCL11/I-TAC and stimulated chemotaxis of activated human T-cells. The agonist small molecules also inhibited binding of another CXCR3 ligand, CXCL10/IP-10, to the receptor. The response to small-molecule agonists was inhibited by a CXCR3-specific small-molecule antagonist previously identified within the same combinatorial compound collection but structurally unrelated to the agonists. Remarkably, while other, non-amino acid substituents were present in the majority of the library compounds screened, the agonists from both classes contained a positively charged amino acid component, with preference for Arg>Lys, as well as a hydrophobic component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana L Stroke
- Pharmacopeia Drug Discovery, Inc., P.O. Box 5350, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ. Chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27:546-53. [PMID: 16911834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing global health problem for which there are no effective disease-modifying therapies. COPD involves chronic inflammation of small airways and lung parenchyma, with the recruitment of inflammatory cells. This inflammatory-cell trafficking is orchestrated by multiple chemokines, so the blockade of chemokine receptors with selective antagonists might be an effective anti-inflammatory strategy in this disease. Several studies support the implication of several chemokines and their receptors in COPD, including chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR3, with small-molecule receptor antagonists that are in development being potential anti-inflammatory therapies. Such a pharmacological strategy would provide a mechanism with which to inhibit leukocyte recruitment and, hence, reduce the inflammatory profile in COPD, which is currently unaffected by pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Donnelly
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cole AG, Stroke IL, Brescia MR, Simhadri S, Zhang JJ, Hussain Z, Snider M, Haskell C, Ribeiro S, Appell KC, Henderson I, Webb ML. Identification and initial evaluation of 4-N-aryl-[1,4]diazepane ureas as potent CXCR3 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:200-3. [PMID: 16213722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification and evaluation of aryl-[1,4]diazepane ureas as functional antagonists of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 are described. Specific examples exhibit IC(50) values of approximately 60 nM in a calcium mobilization functional assay, and dose-dependently inhibit CXCR3 functional response to CXCL11 (interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant/I-TAC) as measured by T-cell chemotaxis, with a potency of approximately 100 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Cole
- Pharmacopeia Drug Discovery, Inc., PO Box 5350, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|