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Sparkes E, Timmerman A, Markham JW, Boyd R, Gordon R, Walker KA, Kevin RC, Hibbs DE, Banister SD, Cairns EA, Stove C, Ametovski A. Synthesis and Functional Evaluation of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Related to ADB-HEXINACA. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1787-1812. [PMID: 38597712 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ADB-HEXINACA has been recently reported as a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA), one of the largest classes of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). This compound marks the entry of the n-hexyl tail group into the SCRA landscape, which has continued in the market with recent, newly detected SCRAs. As such, a proactive characterization campaign was undertaken, including the synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of ADB-HEXINACA and a library of 41 closely related analogues. Two in vitro functional assays were employed to assess activity at CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, measuring Gβγ-coupled agonism through a fluorescence-based membrane potential assay (MPA) and β-arrestin 2 (βarr2) recruitment via a live cell-based nanoluciferase complementation reporter assay. ADB-HEXINACA was a potent and efficacious CB1 agonist (CB1 MPA pEC50 = 7.87 ± 0.12 M; Emax = 124 ± 5%; βarr2 pEC50 = 8.27 ± 0.14 M; Emax = 793 ± 42.5), as were most compounds assessed. Isolation of the heterocyclic core and alkyl tails allowed for the comprehensive characterization of structure-activity relationships in this compound class, which were rationalized in silico via induced fit docking experiments. Overall, most compounds assessed are possibly emerging NPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sparkes
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Axelle Timmerman
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jack W Markham
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Rochelle Boyd
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gordon
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Katelyn A Walker
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Richard C Kevin
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - David E Hibbs
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Samuel D Banister
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Cairns
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Christophe Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adam Ametovski
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2050, Australia
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Simek Tosino H, Jung A, Fuhr O, Muhle‐Goll C, Jung N, Bräse S. F‐Tag Induced Acyl Shift in the Photochemical Cyclization of
o
‐Alkynylated
N
‐Alkyl‐
N
‐acylamides to Indoles**. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Simek Tosino
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - André Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Claudia Muhle‐Goll
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Janssens LK, Ametovski A, Sparkes E, Boyd R, Lai F, Maloney CJ, Rhook D, Gerona RR, Connolly M, Liu H, Hibbs DE, Cairns EA, Banister SD, Stove CP. Comprehensive Characterization of a Systematic Library of Alkyl and Alicyclic Synthetic Cannabinoids Related to CUMYL-PICA, CUMYL-BUTICA, CUMYL-CBMICA, and CUMYL-PINACA. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:35-52. [PMID: 36530139 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 200 synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have been identified as new psychoactive substances. Effective monitoring and characterization of SCRAs are hindered by the rapid pace of structural evolution. Ahead of possible appearance on the illicit drug market, new SCRAs were synthesized to complete a systematic library of cumyl-indole- (e.g., CUMYL-CPrMICA, CUMYL-CPMICA) and cumyl-indazole-carboxamides (e.g., CUMYL-CPrMINACA, CUMYL-CPMINACA), encompassing butyl, pentyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, and cyclohexylmethyl tails. Comprehensive pharmacological characterization was performed with three assay formats, monitoring the recruitment of either wild-type or C-terminally truncated (βarr2d366) β-arrestin2 to the activated cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) or monitoring Gβγ-mediated membrane hyperpolarization. Altered compound characterization was observed when comparing derived potency (EC50) and efficacy (Emax) values from both assays monitoring the same or a different signaling event, whereas ranges and ranking orders were similar. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) were assessed in threefold, resulting in the identification of the pendant tail as a critical pharmacophore, with the optimal chain length for CB1 activation approximating an n-pentyl (e.g., cyclopentylmethyl or cyclohexylmethyl tail). The activity of the SCRAs encompassing cyclic tails decreased with decreasing number of carbons forming the cyclic moiety, with CUMYL-CPrMICA showing the least CB1 activity in all assay formats. The SARs were rationalized via molecular docking, demonstrating the importance of the optimal steric contribution of the hydrophobic tail. While SAR conclusions remained largely unchanged, the differential compound characterization by both similar and different assay designs emphasizes the importance of detailing specific assay characteristics to allow adequate interpretation of potencies and efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesl K Janssens
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adam Ametovski
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eric Sparkes
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rochelle Boyd
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Felcia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Callan J Maloney
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dane Rhook
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Roy R Gerona
- Clinical Toxicology and Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | | | | | - David E Hibbs
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Cairns
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Samuel D Banister
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christophe P Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Jiang H, Li K, Zeng M, Tan C, Chen Z, Yin G. Pd(II)/Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulation of Indolecarboxamides with Dioxygen through Dual C-H Activation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13919-13934. [PMID: 36205496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal ion catalyzed intramolecular dual C-H activation to construct polycyclic heteroarene skeletons is merited for its step and atom-economic advantages in organic synthesis. However, in most cases, stoichiometric oxidants, elevated temperature, and other harsh conditions were commonly faced for this reaction, which apparently block the synthetic applications. Herein, we report a Pd(II)/LA (LA: Lewis acid) catalyzed intramolecular dual C-H activation to construct indoloquinolinone derivatives under mild conditions with dioxygen as the sole oxidant. It was found that adding LA such as Sc3+ to Pd(OAc)2 sharply improved its catalytic efficiency, whereas Pd(OAc)2 alone was very sluggish. The activity improvement was attributed to the linkage of the Sc3+ cation to the Pd(II) species through a diacetate bridge that significantly enhanced the electrophilic properties of Pd(II) for dual C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhuqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guochuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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5
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 2-Methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate Derivatives via Pd-Catalyzed Heterocyclization. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole moiety is well-known as a superlative framework in many natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report an efficient procedure to synthesize a series of functionalized 2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate derivatives from commercially available anilines properly functionalized by different electron-withdrawing and -donating groups through a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative coupling. The conversion of a variety of enamines into the relevant indole was optimized by exposing the neat mixture of reactants to microwave irradiation, obtaining the desired products in excellent yields and high regioselectivity. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H and 13C spectroscopic means as well as by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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6
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Sharma P, Sharma N, Kashyap G, Bhagat S. A concise and regioselective synthesis of 6-bromo-5-methoxy-1 H-indole-3-carboxylic acid and its derivatives: Strategic development toward core moiety of Herdmanine D. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1718162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Gunjan Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Bhagat
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, A.R.S.D. College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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7
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Mohajeri M, Kovanen PT, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Cicero AFG, Sahebkar A. Mast cell tryptase - Marker and maker of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:91-110. [PMID: 30877022 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident cells, which have been proposed to participate in various inflammatory diseases, among them the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). For mast cells to be able to contribute to an inflammatory process, they need to be activated to exocytose their cytoplasmic secretory granules. The granules contain a vast array of highly bioactive effector molecules, the neutral protease tryptase being the most abundant protein among them. The released tryptase may act locally in the inflamed cardiac or vascular tissue, so contributing directly to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Moreover, a fraction of the released tryptase reaches the systemic circulation, thereby serving as a biomarker of mast cell activation. Actually, increased levels of circulating tryptase have been found to associate with CVDs. Here we review the biological relevance of the circulating tryptase as a biomarker of mast cell activity in CVDs, with special emphasis on the relationship between activation of mast cells in their tissue microenvironments and the pathophysiological pathways of CVDs. Based on the available in vitro and in vivo studies, we highlight the potential molecular mechanisms by which tryptase may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Finally, the synthetic and natural inhibitors of tryptase are reviewed for their potential utility as therapeutic agents in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tryptase is one of the main serine-proteinases located in the secretory granules of mast cells, and is released through degranulation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease, cardiovascular diseases, lung fibrosis and tumor. Therefore, inhibitors targeting tryptase may represent a new direction for the treatment of allergic inflammatory disease and other diseases. Areas covered: In this article, we discussed the history and development of tryptase inhibitors and described a variety of tryptase inhibitors via their structures and biological importance in clinical studies and drug development for tryptase-related diseases. Expert opinion: Initial tryptase inhibitors based on indole structure as the hydrophobic substituent on a benzylamine-piperidine template have low specificity and poor bioavailability. Therefore, designing new and specific inhibitors targeting tryptase should be involved in future clinical studies. Modifications toward indoles with varying N-substitution, introducing an amide bond, and growing the chain length contribute to an increase in the specific selectivity and potency of tryptase inhibitors. Tryptase has become the research hotspot to explore many related diseases. Therefore, there has been growing appreciation for the potential importance of the tryptase inhibitors as a target for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ni
- a Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Meng-Da Cao
- a Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wen Huang
- a Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ling Meng
- a Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- a Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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Banerjee T, Kar D, Krishna PR, Prabhakar S, Nomula R, Mallula VS, Ravindranath H, Sridhar G, Adepu R, Srikanth G, Mabalirajan U, Ghosh B, Jaisankar P, Johri R, Chakraborty D, Mishra V, Chhabra JK, Shukla M, Paul BN, Bandyopadhyay S, Roy S, Sharma GVM, Bandyopadhyay A. A novel triazine-aryl-bis-indole derivative inhibits both phosphodiesterase IV and expression of cell adhesion molecules. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazine-aryl-bis-indole derivative inhibits phosphodiesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Banerjee
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Dipak Kar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | | | | | - Rajesh Nomula
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | | | | | - Gattu Sridhar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Ramesh Adepu
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | | | | | - Balaram Ghosh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
- New Delhi
- India
| | | | - Rakesh Johri
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu
- India
| | | | - Vani Mishra
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow
- India
| | | | - Mamta Shukla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research
- Lucknow
- India
| | | | | | - Siddhartha Roy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
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Wang Y, Zheng QC, Kong CP, Tian Y, Zhan J, Zhang JL, Zhang HX. Heparin makes differences: a molecular dynamics simulation study on the human βII-tryptase monomer. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 11:252-61. [PMID: 25366115 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human β-tryptase, an enzyme with trypsin-like activity in mast cells, is an important target for the treatment of inflammatory and allergy related diseases. Heparin has been inferred to play a vital role in the stabilization of the tryptase structure and the maintenance of its active form. Up to now, the structure-function relationship between heparin and the βII-tryptase monomer has not been studied with atomic resolution due to the lack of a complex structure of tryptase and heparin. To this end, the exact effect of heparin bonding to the βII-tryptase monomer structure has been investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The MD simulation results combined with MM-GB/SA calculations showed that heparin stabilized the β-tryptase structure mainly through salt bridge interaction. The averaged noncovalent interaction (aNCI) method was employed for the visualization of nonbonding interactions. A crucial loop, which is located in the core region of βII-tryptase monomer structure, has been found. Arg188 and Asp189 from this loop act as a salt bridge intermediary between 4-mer heparin and 0GX. The observation of a salt bridge between Asp189 and P1 groups of 0GX confirms the supposed interaction between these two groups. These two residues have been proved to be responsible for the direction of the P1 group of 0GX. Our study revealed that how heparin affected the activity of the human βII-tryptase monomer (hBTM) through salt bridge interactions. The knowledge of heparin binding characteristics and the key residue contributions in this study may enlighten further the inhibitor design of this enzyme and may also improve our understanding of inflammatory and allergy related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China.
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11
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Glinca S, Klebe G. Cavities Tell More than Sequences: Exploring Functional Relationships of Proteases via Binding Pockets. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2082-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ci300550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serghei Glinca
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg and Associated with the Center of Synthetic Microbiology,
Synmikro, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg and Associated with the Center of Synthetic Microbiology,
Synmikro, University of Marburg, Germany
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12
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Synthesis and antifungal activity of 3-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-indoles and 3-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl-indoles. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:22-32. [PMID: 23454531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the principle of combination of active structural moieties, a modified and efficient synthetic method for three series of novel indole-based 1,3,4-oxadiazoles is described. Bioassays conducted at Syngenta showed that several of the synthesized compounds exhibit higher antifungal activity than pimprinine, the natural product which inspired this synthesis. Two main structural alterations were found to broaden the spectrum of biological activity in most cases. Compounds 3g, 6c, 6e, 6h, 9d, 9e, 9h and 9m (Fig. 1) were identified as the most active on the biological assays, and will be studied further.
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13
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Johansson H, Jørgensen TB, Gloriam DE, Bräuner-Osborne H, Pedersen DS. 3-Substituted 2-phenyl-indoles: privileged structures for medicinal chemistry. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21902f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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14
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Yadlapalli RK, Chourasia O, Perali RS. A facile one-pot synthesis of 2-thioxo-dihydropyrimidines and polyfunctionalized pyran derivatives as mimics of novel calcium channel modulators. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Liang G, Chen X, Aldous S, Pu SF, Mehdi S, Powers E, Giovanni A, Kongsamut S, Xia T, Zhang Y, Wang R, Gao Z, Merriman G, McLean LR, Morize I. Virtual Screening and X-ray Crystallography for Human Kallikrein 6 Inhibitors with an Amidinothiophene P1 Group. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:159-64. [PMID: 24900446 DOI: 10.1021/ml200291e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of compounds with an amidinothiophene P1 group and a pyrrolidinone-sulphonamide scaffold linker was identified as potent inhibitors of human kallikrein 6 by structure-based virtual screening based on the union accessible binding space of serine proteases. As the first series of potent nonmechanism-based hK6 inhibitors, they may be used as tool compounds for target validation. An X-ray structure of a representative compound complexed with hK6, resolved at a resolution of 1.88 Å, revealed that the amidinothiophene moiety bound in the S1 pocket and the pyrrolidinone-sulphonamide linker projected the aromatic tail into the S' pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyan Liang
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Suzanne Aldous
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Su-Fen Pu
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Shujaath Mehdi
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Elaine Powers
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Andrew Giovanni
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Sathapana Kongsamut
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Tianhui Xia
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Rachel Wang
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Zhongli Gao
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Gregory Merriman
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Larry R. McLean
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Isabelle Morize
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, ‡Fibrosis and Wound Repair, §Global Pharmacovigilance & Epidemiology, ∥Immunology and Inflammation Unit, ⊥Early to Candidate Unit, #Aging Therapeutic Unit, and ∇Biologics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, 1041 Route 202/206, Mailstop 203A, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
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16
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Liang G, Choi-Sledeski YM, Chen X, Gong Y, MacMillan EW, Tsay J, Sides K, Cairns J, Kulitzscher B, Aldous DJ, Morize I, Pauls HW. Dimerization of β-tryptase inhibitors, does it work for both basic and neutral P1 groups? Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3370-6. [PMID: 22483389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tetrameric folding of β-tryptase and the pair-wise distribution of its substrate binding sites offer a unique opportunity for development of inhibitors that span two adjacent binding sites. A series of dimeric inhibitors with two basic P1 moieties was discovered using this design strategy and exhibited tight-binder characteristics. Using the same strategy, an attempt was made to design and synthesize dimeric inhibitors with two neutral-P1 groups in hope to exploit the dimeric binding mode to achieve a starting point for further optimization. The unsuccessful attempt, however, demonstrated the important role played by Ala190 in neutral-P1 binding and casted further doubt on the possibility of developing neutral-P1 inhibitors for β-tryptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyan Liang
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, United States.
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17
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Liang G, Choi-Sledeski YM, Shum P, Chen X, Poli GB, Kumar V, Minnich A, Wang Q, Tsay J, Sides K, Kang J, Zhang Y. A β-tryptase inhibitor with a tropanylamide scaffold to improve in vitro stability and to lower hERG channel binding affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1606-10. [PMID: 22264487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropanylamide was investigated as a possible scaffold for β-tryptase inhibitors with a basic benzylamine P1 group and a substituted thiophene P4 group. Comparing to piperidinylamide, the tropanylamide scaffold is much more rigid, which presents less opportunity for the inhibitor to bind with off-target proteins, such as cytochrome P450, SSAO, and hERG potassium channel. The proposed binding mode was further confirmed by an in-house X-ray structure through co-crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyan Liang
- Molecular Innovative Therapeutics, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
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18
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Liang G, Aldous S, Merriman G, Levell J, Pribish J, Cairns J, Chen X, Maignan S, Mathieu M, Tsay J, Sides K, Rebello S, Whitely B, Morize I, Pauls HW. Structure-based library design and the discovery of a potent and selective mast cell β-tryptase inhibitor as an oral therapeutic agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1049-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Liang G, Choi-Sledeski YM, Poli GB, Chen X, Minnich A, Wang Q, Tsay J, Sides K, Vaz RJ. Structure-based design, synthesis, and profiling of a β-tryptase inhibitor with a spiro-piperidineamide scaffold, benzylamine P1 group, and a substituted indole P4 group. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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A conformationally constrained inhibitor with an enhanced potency for β-tryptase and stability against semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6721-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Kobayashi K, Fukamachi S, Konishi H. One-Pot Synthesis of 1-Arylindole-3-carboxylates from 2-(2-Isocyanophenyl)acetates. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Park CM, Kim SY, Park WK, Park NS, Seong CM. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid pyridine-3-ylamides: A novel series of 5-HT2C receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3844-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Barluenga J, Tomás-Gamasa M, Moriel P, Aznar F, Valdés C. Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions with Carbonyls: Application in a Very Efficient Synthesis of 4-Aryltetrahydropyridines. Chemistry 2008; 14:4792-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Melkonyan FS, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Synthesis of N-Substituted Indole-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives via Cu(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of Aryl Bromides. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4275-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800630v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander V. Karchava
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Marina A. Yurovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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25
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Costanzo MJ, Yabut SC, Zhang HC, White KB, de Garavilla L, Wang Y, Minor LK, Tounge BA, Barnakov AN, Lewandowski F, Milligan C, Spurlino JC, Abraham WM, Boswell-Smith V, Page CP, Maryanoff BE. Potent, nonpeptide inhibitors of human mast cell tryptase. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel spirocyclic piperidine amide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2114-21. [PMID: 18272363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have explored a series of spirocyclic piperidine amide derivatives (5) as tryptase inhibitors. Thus, 4 (JNJ-27390467) was identified as a potent, selective tryptase inhibitor with oral efficacy in two animal models of airway inflammation (sheep and guinea pig asthma models). An X-ray co-crystal structure of 4 x tryptase revealed a hydrophobic pocket in the enzyme's active site, which is induced by the phenylethynyl group and is comprised of amino acid residues from two different monomers of the tetrameric protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Costanzo
- Research and Early Development, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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26
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Hou DR, Wang MS, Chung MW, Hsieh YD, Gavin HH. Formation of 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisoindoles by Palladium-Catalyzed Hydride Reduction. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9231-9. [PMID: 17958373 DOI: 10.1021/jo7016845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan 320
| | - Ming-Shiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan 320
| | - Ming-Wen Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan 320
| | - Yih-Dar Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan 320
| | - Hui-Hsu Gavin
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan 320
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27
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Lindsay KB, Ferrando F, Christensen KL, Overgaard J, Roca T, Bennasar ML, Skrydstrup T. SmI2-Promoted Radical Addition Reactions with N-(2-Indolylacyl)oxazolidinones: Synthesis of Bisindole Compounds. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4181-8. [PMID: 17455981 DOI: 10.1021/jo070273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of N-acyl oxazolidinones of N-benzyl 2-indolecarboxylic acids varying in the substitution pattern of the indole ring with samarium diiodide at -78 degrees C led to the formation of two indole dimer products. The major product isolated in yields from 55 to 59% represents an unsymmetrical dimer arising from 1,4-addition to the 2-indolecarboxylic acid derivative of a possible ketyl-type radical anion intermediate originating from the reduction of the exocyclic carbonyl group of the N-acyl oxazolidinone. The minor dimer, represented by a symmetrical diketone, was produced in yields ranging from 11 to 23%. Even in the presence of an alpha,beta-unsaturated amide, dimerization was the preferred pathway rather than the formation of a gamma-keto amide. Upon treatment with acid, the unsymmetrical indole dimer cyclized to form a diindolequinone. Finally, the N-acyl oxazolidinones of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 3-indolecarboxylic acid preferred in both cases to undergo C-C bond formation with an acrylamide in the presence of SmI2 rather than dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl B Lindsay
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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28
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Lee CS, Liu W, Sprengeler PA, Somoza JR, Janc JW, Sperandio D, Spencer JR, Green MJ, McGrath ME. Design of novel, potent, and selective human beta-tryptase inhibitors based on alpha-keto-[1,2,4]-oxadiazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4036-40. [PMID: 16714109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel alpha-keto-[1,2,4]-oxadiazoles has been synthesized as human tryptase inhibitors for evaluation as a new class of anti-asthmatic agent. The inhibitor design is focused on using a prime-side hydrophobic pocket and the S2 pocket of beta-tryptase to achieve inhibition potency and selectivity over other serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Celera, 180 Kimball Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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