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Karak P, Sreelakshmi PA, Chakraborty B, Pal M, Khatua B, Lal Koner A, Choudhury J. Annulation-Induced Hidden Reactivity of the 1,2,4-Triazole Backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310603. [PMID: 37610555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles are an important class of compounds with widespread applications. Functionalization of the triazole backbone is thus of significant interest. In comparison to 1,2,3-triazoles, C-H activation-functionalization of the congeners 1,2,4-triazoles is surprisingly underdeveloped. Indeed, no such C-H activation-functionalization has been reported for 4-substituted 1,2,4-triazole cores. Furthermore, although denitrogenative ring-opening of 1,2,3-triazoles is well-explored, 1,2,4-triazole/triazolium substrates have not been known to exhibit N-N bond-cleaving ring-opening reactivity so far. In this work, we unveiled an unusual hidden reactivity of the 1,2,4-triazole backbone involving the elusive N-N bond-cleaving ring-opening reaction. This new reactivity was induced by a Satoh-Miura-type C-H activation-annulation at the 1,2,4-triazole motif appended with a pyridine directing group. This unique reaction allowed ready access to a novel class of unsymmetrically substituted 2,2'-dipyridylamines, with one pyridine ring fully-substituted with alkyl groups. The unsymmetrical 2,2'-dipyridylamines were utilized to access unsymmetrical boron-aza-dipyridylmethene fluorescent dyes. Empowered with desirable optical/physical properties such as large Stokes shifts and suitable hydrophobicity arising from optimal alkyl chain length at the fully-substituted pyridine-ring, these dyes were used for intracellular lipid droplet-selective imaging studies, which provided useful information toward designing suitable lipid droplet-selective imaging probes for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirudhan Karak
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - P A Sreelakshmi
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Barsha Chakraborty
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Manisha Pal
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Bitasik Khatua
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, India
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Spanka C, Glatthar R, Desrayaud S, Fendt M, Orain D, Troxler T, Vranesic I. Piperidyl amides as novel, potent and orally active mGlu5 receptor antagonists with anxiolytic-like activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:184-8. [PMID: 19931453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High throughput screening led to the identification of nicotinamide derivative 2 as a structurally novel mGluR5 antagonist. Optimization of the modular scaffold led to the discovery of 16m, a compound with high affinity for mGluR5 and excellent selectivity over other glutamate receptors. Compound 16m exhibits a favorable PK profile in rats, robust anxiolytic-like effects in three different animal models of fear and anxiety, as well as a good PK/PD correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Spanka
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
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Carroll FI. Antagonists at metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5: structure activity relationships and therapeutic potential for addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1141:221-32. [PMID: 18991960 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1441.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a result of intensive investigation, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, a number of potent and selective metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonists have been discovered. The structure activity relationship studies that led to the discovery of these mGluR5 antagonists are presented in this review. Results from studies on selected mGluR5 antagonists in animal models that simulate drug reward, reinforcement, and relapse appear promising. The comorbidity between drug abuse and anxiety and depression make drugs active in these disorders of great interest. Clinical studies showed that the mGluR5 antagonist fenobam was an active anxiolytic drug. Several new mGluR5 antagonists produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in animal models of these disorders. The results from the clinical and animal studies provide information for new approaches to finding mechanistically distinct pharmacotherapies to help patients achieve and maintain abstinence from cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, ethanol, and nicotine (smoking).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ivy Carroll
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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5
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Jaeschke G, Wettstein JG, Nordquist RE, Spooren W. mGlu5 receptor antagonists and their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bach P, Isaac M, Slassi A. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 modulators and their potential therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ceccarelli SM, Jaeschke G, Buettelmann B, Huwyler J, Kolczewski S, Peters JU, Prinssen E, Porter R, Spooren W, Vieira E. Rational design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship of benzoxazolones: New potent mglu5 receptor antagonists based on the fenobam structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1302-6. [PMID: 17189691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of potent and stable mGlu5 receptor antagonists was developed by combining information from a high-throughput screening campaign with the structure of the known anxiolytic fenobam. Representative compounds from this class show favorable pharmacokinetic properties and are active in an in vivo model of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona M Ceccarelli
- Pharmaceutical Division, Discovery Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd,CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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