1
|
Pu X, Li H, Colacot TJ. Heck Alkynylation (Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling) of Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides, Using Pd Complexes of t-Bu2(p-NMe2C6H4)P: Understanding the Structure–Activity Relationships and Copper Effects. J Org Chem 2013; 78:568-81. [PMID: 23234595 DOI: 10.1021/jo302195y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Pu
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies,
2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, United States
| | - Hongbo Li
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies,
2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, United States
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies,
2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gregory KJ, Noetzel MJ, Rook JM, Vinson PN, Stauffer SR, Rodriguez AL, Emmitte KA, Zhou Y, Chun AC, Felts AS, Chauder BA, Lindsley CW, Niswender CM, Conn PJ. Investigating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 allosteric modulator cooperativity, affinity, and agonism: enriching structure-function studies and structure-activity relationships. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:860-75. [PMID: 22863693 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery programs increasingly are focusing on allosteric modulators as a means to modify the activity of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets. Allosteric binding sites are topographically distinct from the endogenous ligand (orthosteric) binding site, which allows for co-occupation of a single receptor with the endogenous ligand and an allosteric modulator that can alter receptor pharmacological characteristics. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) inhibit and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) enhance the affinity and/or efficacy of orthosteric agonists. Established approaches for estimation of affinity and efficacy values for orthosteric ligands are not appropriate for allosteric modulators, and this presents challenges for fully understanding the actions of novel modulators of GPCRs. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu(5)) is a family C GPCR for which a large array of allosteric modulators have been identified. We took advantage of the many tools for probing allosteric sites on mGlu(5) to validate an operational model of allosterism that allows quantitative estimation of modulator affinity and cooperativity values. Affinity estimates derived from functional assays fit well with affinities measured in radioligand binding experiments for both PAMs and NAMs with diverse chemical scaffolds and varying degrees of cooperativity. We observed modulation bias for PAMs when we compared mGlu(5)-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation data. Furthermore, we used this model to quantify the effects of mutations that reduce binding or potentiation by PAMs. This model can be applied to PAM and NAM potency curves in combination with maximal fold-shift data to derive reliable estimates of modulator affinities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gichinga MG, Olson JP, Butala E, Navarro HA, Gilmour BP, Mascarella SW, Carroll FI. Synthesis and Evaluation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Antagonists Based on Fenobam(). ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:882-884. [PMID: 22523618 DOI: 10.1021/ml200162f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to discover potent and selective metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonists, 15 tetrahydropyrimidinone analogues of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-urea (fenobam) were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for antagonism of glutamate-mediated mobilization of internal calcium in an mGluR5 in vitro efficacy assay. The IC(50) value for 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-methyl-4-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine)urea (4g) was essentially identical to that of fenobam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moses G. Gichinga
- Center for Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute,
P.O. Box 12194, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jeremy P. Olson
- Center for Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute,
P.O. Box 12194, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Elizabeth Butala
- Center for Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute,
P.O. Box 12194, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Hernán A. Navarro
- Center for Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute,
P.O. Box 12194, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Brian P. Gilmour
- Center for Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute,
P.O. Box 12194, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - S. Wayne Mascarella
- Center for Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute,
P.O. Box 12194, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - F. Ivy Carroll
- Center for Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute,
P.O. Box 12194, Research
Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carroll FI. Antagonists at metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5: structure activity relationships and therapeutic potential for addiction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1141:221-32. [PMID: 18991960 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1441.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a result of intensive investigation, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, a number of potent and selective metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) antagonists have been discovered. The structure activity relationship studies that led to the discovery of these mGluR5 antagonists are presented in this review. Results from studies on selected mGluR5 antagonists in animal models that simulate drug reward, reinforcement, and relapse appear promising. The comorbidity between drug abuse and anxiety and depression make drugs active in these disorders of great interest. Clinical studies showed that the mGluR5 antagonist fenobam was an active anxiolytic drug. Several new mGluR5 antagonists produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects in animal models of these disorders. The results from the clinical and animal studies provide information for new approaches to finding mechanistically distinct pharmacotherapies to help patients achieve and maintain abstinence from cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, ethanol, and nicotine (smoking).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ivy Carroll
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Micheli F, Bertani B, Bozzoli A, Crippa L, Cavanni P, Di Fabio R, Donati D, Marzorati P, Merlo G, Paio A, Perugini L, Zarantonello P. Phenylethynyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine: A new potent and selective tool in the mGluR5 antagonists arena. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1804-9. [PMID: 18304814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Galatsis P, Yamagata K, Wendt JA, Connolly CJ, Mickelson JW, Milbank JB, Bove SE, Knauer CS, Brooker RM, Augelli-Szafran CE, Schwarz RD, Kinsora JJ, Kilgore KS. Synthesis and SAR comparison of regioisomeric aryl naphthyridines as potent mGlu5 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6525-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
7
|
Wendt JA, Deeter SD, Bove SE, Knauer CS, Brooker RM, Augelli-Szafran CE, Schwarz RD, Kinsora JJ, Kilgore KS. Synthesis and SAR of 2-aryl pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potent mGlu5 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5396-9. [PMID: 17723296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of potent 2-aryl pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine mGlu5 receptor antagonists are described. The synthesis and pharmacological activities of these analogs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research & Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Milbank JBJ, Knauer CS, Augelli-Szafran CE, Sakkab-Tan AT, Lin KK, Yamagata K, Hoffman JK, Zhuang N, Thomas J, Galatsis P, Wendt JA, Mickelson JW, Schwarz RD, Kinsora JJ, Lotarski SM, Stakich K, Gillespie KK, Lam WW, Mutlib AE. Rational design of 7-arylquinolines as non-competitive metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4415-8. [PMID: 17590335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rational replacement of the alkyne linker of mGluR5 antagonist MPEP gave 7-arylquinolines. SAR optimization gave an orally active compound with high affinity for the MPEP binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared B J Milbank
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ceccarelli SM, Jaeschke G, Buettelmann B, Huwyler J, Kolczewski S, Peters JU, Prinssen E, Porter R, Spooren W, Vieira E. Rational design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship of benzoxazolones: New potent mglu5 receptor antagonists based on the fenobam structure. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1302-6. [PMID: 17189691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of potent and stable mGlu5 receptor antagonists was developed by combining information from a high-throughput screening campaign with the structure of the known anxiolytic fenobam. Representative compounds from this class show favorable pharmacokinetic properties and are active in an in vivo model of anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona M Ceccarelli
- Pharmaceutical Division, Discovery Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd,CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bach P, Nilsson K, Wållberg A, Bauer U, Hammerland LG, Peterson A, Svensson T, Osterlund K, Karis D, Boije M, Wensbo D. A new series of pyridinyl-alkynes as antagonists of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4792-5. [PMID: 16839764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and some structure-activity relationships for a new series of propargyl ethers as mGluR5 antagonists are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bach
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Pepparedsleden 1, S-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|