1
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Yuan XY, Li M, Yu X, Li H. Structural analysis, simulation, and molecular docking of aza-nitrile into cathepsins to explain the high selectivity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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2
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Newton GK, Perrior TR, Jenkins K, Major MR, Key RE, Stewart MR, Firth-Clark S, Lloyd SM, Zhang J, Francis-Newton NJ, Richardson JP, Chen J, Lai P, Garrod DR, Robinson C. The discovery of potent, selective, and reversible inhibitors of the house dust mite peptidase allergen Der p 1: an innovative approach to the treatment of allergic asthma. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9447-62. [PMID: 25365789 PMCID: PMC4257840 DOI: 10.1021/jm501102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Blocking
the bioactivity of allergens is conceptually attractive
as a small-molecule therapy for allergic diseases but has not been
attempted previously. Group 1 allergens of house dust mites (HDM)
are meaningful targets in this quest because they are globally prevalent
and clinically important triggers of allergic asthma. Group 1 HDM
allergens are cysteine peptidases whose proteolytic activity triggers
essential steps in the allergy cascade. Using the HDM allergen Der
p 1 as an archetype for structure-based drug discovery, we have identified
a series of novel, reversible inhibitors. Potency and selectivity
were manipulated by optimizing drug interactions with enzyme binding
pockets, while variation of terminal groups conferred the physicochemical
and pharmacokinetic attributes required for inhaled delivery. Studies
in animals challenged with the gamut of HDM allergens showed an attenuation
of allergic responses by targeting just a single component, namely,
Der p 1. Our findings suggest that these inhibitors may be used as
novel therapies for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary K Newton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Domainex Ltd. , 162 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GH, United Kingdom
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3
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Wiener JJ, Wickboldt AT, Nguyen S, Sun S, Rynberg R, Rizzolio M, Karlsson L, Edwards JP, Grice CA. Pyrazole-based arylalkyne Cathepsin S inhibitors. Part III: Modification of P4 region. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1070-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Azepanone-based inhibitors of human cathepsin S: optimization of selectivity via the P2 substituent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4409-15. [PMID: 21733692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of azepanone inhibitors of cathepsin S is described. Selectivity over both cathepsin K and cathepsin L was achieved by varying the P2 substituent. Ultimately, a balanced potency and selectivity profile was achieved in compound 39 possessing a 1-methylcyclohexyl alanine at P2 and nicotinamide as the P' substituent. The cellular potency of selected analogs is also described.
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5
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6
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Wiener JJ, Wickboldt AT, Wiener DK, Lee-Dutra A, Edwards JP, Karlsson L, Nguyen S, Sun S, Jones TK, Grice CA. Discovery and SAR of novel pyrazole-based thioethers as cathepsin S inhibitors. Part 2: Modification of P3, P4, and P5 regions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2375-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Löser R, Abbenante G, Madala PK, Halili M, Le GT, Fairlie DP. Noncovalent Tripeptidyl Benzyl- and Cyclohexyl-Amine Inhibitors of the Cysteine Protease Caspase-1. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2651-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901790w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Giovanni Abbenante
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Praveen K. Madala
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maria Halili
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Giang T. Le
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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8
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Ameriks MK, Axe FU, Bembenek SD, Edwards JP, Gu Y, Karlsson L, Randal M, Sun S, Thurmond RL, Zhu J. Pyrazole-based cathepsin S inhibitors with arylalkynes as P1 binding elements. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6131-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Ameriks MK, Cai H, Edwards JP, Gebauer D, Gleason E, Gu Y, Karlsson L, Nguyen S, Sun S, Thurmond RL, Zhu J. Pyrazole-based arylalkyne cathepsin S inhibitors. Part II: Optimization of cellular potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6135-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Ayesa S, Lindquist C, Agback T, Benkestock K, Classon B, Henderson I, Hewitt E, Jansson K, Kallin A, Sheppard D, Samuelsson B. Solid-phase parallel synthesis and SAR of 4-amidofuran-3-one inhibitors of cathepsin S: effect of sulfonamides P3 substituents on potency and selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 17:1307-24. [PMID: 19124252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Highly potent and selective 4-amidofuran-3-one inhibitors of cathepsin S are described. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of inhibitors with a sulfonamide moiety in the P3 position is presented. Several members of the series show sub-nanomolar inhibition of the target enzyme as well as an excellent selectivity profile and good cellular potency. Molecular modeling of the most interesting inhibitors describes interactions in the extended S3 pocket and explains the observed selectivity towards cathepsin K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ayesa
- Medivir AB, Lunastigen 7 SE-14144 Huddinge, Sweden
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11
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Wei J, Pio BA, Cai H, Meduna SP, Sun S, Gu Y, Jiang W, Thurmond RL, Karlsson L, Edwards JP. Pyrazole-based cathepsin S inhibitors with improved cellular potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5525-8. [PMID: 17822900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High potency pyrazole-based noncovalent inhibitors of human cathepsin S (CatS) were developed by modification of the benzo-fused 5-membered ring heterocycles found in earlier series of CatS inhibitors. Although substitutions on this heterocyclic framework had a moderate impact on enzymatic potency, dramatic effects on cellular activity were observed. Optimization afforded indole- and benzothiophene-derived analogues that were high affinity CatS inhibitors (IC(50)=20-40 nM) with good cellular potency (IC(50)=30-340 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Wei
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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12
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Patterson AW, Wood WJL, Ellman JA. Substrate activity screening (SAS): a general procedure for the preparation and screening of a fragment-based non-peptidic protease substrate library for inhibitor discovery. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:424-33. [PMID: 17406604 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Substrate activity screening (SAS) is a fragment-based method for the rapid development of novel substrates and their conversion into non-peptidic inhibitors of Cys and Ser proteases. The method consists of three steps: (i) a library of N-acyl aminocoumarins with diverse, low-molecular-weight N-acyl groups is screened to identify protease substrates using a simple fluorescence-based assay; (ii) the identified N-acyl aminocoumarin substrates are optimized by rapid analog synthesis and evaluation; and (iii) the optimized substrates are converted into inhibitors by direct replacement of the aminocoumarin with known mechanism-based pharmacophores. This protocol describes a general procedure for the solid-phase synthesis of a library of N-acyl aminocoumarin substrates and the screening procedure to identify weak binding substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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13
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Chatterjee AK, Liu H, Tully DC, Guo J, Epple R, Russo R, Williams J, Roberts M, Tuntland T, Chang J, Gordon P, Hollenbeck T, Tumanut C, Li J, Harris JL. Synthesis and SAR of succinamide peptidomimetic inhibitors of cathepsin S. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2899-903. [PMID: 17382545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptidic, non-covalent inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin S (1 and 2) were investigated due to low oral bioavailability, leading to an improved series of peptidomimetic inhibitors. Utilizing phenyl succinamides as the P2 residue increased the oral exposure of this lead series of compounds, while retaining selective inhibition of the cathepsin S isoform. Concurrent investigation of the P1 and P2 subsites resulted in the discovery of several potent and selective inhibitors of cathepsin S with good pharmacokinetic properties due to the elimination of saturated aliphatic P2 residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab K Chatterjee
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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14
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Tully DC, Liu H, Chatterjee AK, Alper PB, Williams JA, Roberts MJ, Mutnick D, Woodmansee DH, Hollenbeck T, Gordon P, Chang J, Tuntland T, Tumanut C, Li J, Harris JL, Karanewsky DS. Arylaminoethyl carbamates as a novel series of potent and selective cathepsin S inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5107-11. [PMID: 16876407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 07/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel series of noncovalent inhibitors of cathepsin S. The synthesis of the peptidomimetic scaffold is described and structure-activity relationships of P3, P1, and P1' subunits are discussed. Lead optimization to a non-peptidic scaffold has resulted in a new class of potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable cathepsin S inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Tully
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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15
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Tully DC, Liu H, Chatterjee AK, Alper PB, Epple R, Williams JA, Roberts MJ, Woodmansee DH, Masick BT, Tumanut C, Li J, Spraggon G, Hornsby M, Chang J, Tuntland T, Hollenbeck T, Gordon P, Harris JL, Karanewsky DS. Synthesis and SAR of arylaminoethyl amides as noncovalent inhibitors of cathepsin S: P3 cyclic ethers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5112-7. [PMID: 16876402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of arylaminoethyl amide cathepsin S inhibitors are reported. Optimization of P3 and P2 groups to improve overall physicochemical properties resulted in significant improvements in oral bioavailability over early lead compounds. An X-ray structure of compound 37 bound to the active site of cathepsin S is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Tully
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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16
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Tully DC, Liu H, Alper PB, Chatterjee AK, Epple R, Roberts MJ, Williams JA, Nguyen KT, Woodmansee DH, Tumanut C, Li J, Spraggon G, Chang J, Tuntland T, Harris JL, Karanewsky DS. Synthesis and evaluation of arylaminoethyl amides as noncovalent inhibitors of cathepsin S. Part 3: Heterocyclic P3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1975-80. [PMID: 16446091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of N(alpha)-2-benzoxazolyl-alpha-amino acid-(arylaminoethyl)amides were identified as potent, selective, and noncovalent inhibitors of cathepsin S. Structure-activity relationships including strategies for modulating the selectivities among cathepsins S, K, and L, and in vivo pharmacokinetics are discussed. A X-ray structure of compound 3 bound to the active site of cathepsin S is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Tully
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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17
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Alper PB, Liu H, Chatterjee AK, Nguyen KT, Tully DC, Tumanut C, Li J, Harris JL, Tuntland T, Chang J, Gordon P, Hollenbeck T, Karanewsky DS. Arylaminoethyl amides as noncovalent inhibitors of cathepsin S. Part 2: Optimization of P1 and N-aryl. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1486-90. [PMID: 16412634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study of anilines led to the discovery of a metabolically robust fluoroindoline replacement for the alkoxy aniline toxicophore in 1. Investigations of the P1 pocket resulted in the discovery of a wide tolerance of functionality leading to the discovery of 11 as a potent and selective inhibitor of cathepsin S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip B Alper
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John J. Hopkins Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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