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Sobhia ME, Kumar GS, Mallick A, Singh H, Kumar K, Chaurasiya M, Singh M, Gera N, Deverakonda S, Baghel V. Computational and Biological Investigations on Abl1 Tyrosine Kinase: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 22:38-51. [PMID: 33050861 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201013152513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abl1 tyrosine kinase is a validated target for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. It is a form of cancer that is difficult to treat and much research is being done to identify new molecular entities and to tackle drug resistance issues. In recent years, drug resistance of Abl1 tyrosine kinase has become a major healthcare concern. Second and third-generation TKI reported better responses against the resistant forms; still they had no impact on long-term survival prolongation. New compounds derived from natural products and organic small molecule inhibitors can lay the foundation for better clinical therapies in the future. Computational methods, experimental and biological studies can help us understand the mechanism of drug resistance and identify novel molecule inhibitors. ADMET parameters analysis of reported drugs and novel small molecule inhibitors can also provide valuable insights. In this review, available therapies, point mutations, structure-activity relationship and ADMET parameters of reported series of Abl1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors and drugs are summarised. We summarise in detail recent computational and molecular biology studies that focus on designing drug molecules, investigation of natural product compounds and organic new chemical entities. Current ongoing research suggests that selective targeting of Abl1 tyrosine kinase at the molecular level to combat drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masilamani Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - G Siva Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Antara Mallick
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Kranthi Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Meenakshi Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Monica Singh
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Narendra Gera
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Sindhuja Deverakonda
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Vinay Baghel
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
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2
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Yang M, Xi Q, Jia W, Wang X. Structure-based analysis and biological characterization of imatinib derivatives reveal insights towards the inhibition of wild-type BCR-ABL and its mutants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Malkhasian AY, Howlin BJ. Automated drug design of kinase inhibitors to treat Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 91:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
We present a number of techniques to analyze protein-ligand interactions in the context of medicinal chemistry: crystal Contract Preferences, Electrostatic Maps and pharmacophore screening using Hückel Theory. Contact Preferences is a statistical technique to predict hydrophobic and hydrophilic geometry in receptor active sites. Electrostatic Maps use the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation to model solvation effects and are particularly useful for predicting hydrophobic regions. Pharmacophore annotation with Hückel Theory provides finer detail of hydrogen bonding interactions, including CH..O interactions. Applications to AblK:Gleevec and CDK2 virtual screening are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Labute
- Chemical Computing Group Inc., 1010 Sherbrooke Street W, Suite 910, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2R7.
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5
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Kumar V, Kumar V, McGuire T, Coulter DW, Sharp JG, Mahato RI. Challenges and Recent Advances in Medulloblastoma Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:1061-1084. [PMID: 29061299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common childhood brain tumor, which occurs in the posterior fossa. MB tumors are highly heterogeneous and have diverse genetic make-ups, with differential microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles and variable prognoses. MB can be classified into four subgroups, each with different origins, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic targets. miRNA and small-molecule targeted therapies have emerged as a potential new therapeutic paradigm in MB treatment. However, the development of chemoresistance due to surviving cancer stem cells and dysregulation of miRNAs remains a challenge. Combination therapies using multiple drugs and miRNAs could be effective approaches. In this review we discuss various MB subtypes, barriers, and novel therapeutic options which may be less toxic than current standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Timothy McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Donald W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - John G Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Azevedo LD, Bastos MM, Vasconcelos FC, Hoelz LVB, Junior FPS, Dantas RF, de Almeida ACM, de Oliveira AP, Gomes LC, Maia RC, Boechat N. Imatinib derivatives as inhibitors of K562 cells in chronic myeloid leukemia. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Manchanda P, Parshad B, Kumar A, Tiwari RK, Shirazi AN, Parang K, Sharma SK. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of the Kinase Inhibition Potential of Pyridylpyrimidinylaminophenyl Derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28317151 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi India
- Department of Chemistry; School of Chemical and Life Sciences; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Rakesh K. Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chapman University School of Pharmacy; Irvine CA USA
| | - Amir N. Shirazi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chapman University School of Pharmacy; Irvine CA USA
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chapman University School of Pharmacy; Irvine CA USA
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Damaraju VL, Weber D, Kuzma M, Cass CE, Sawyer MB. Selective Inhibition of Human Equilibrative and Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters by BCR-ABL Kinase Inhibitors: IDENTIFICATION OF KEY hENT1 AMINO ACID RESIDUES FOR INTERACTION WITH BCR-ABL KINASE INHIBITORS. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18809-17. [PMID: 27432881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nucleoside transporters (hNTs) mediate cellular influx of anticancer nucleoside drugs, including cytarabine, cladribine, and fludarabine. BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib and dasatinib inhibit fludarabine and cytarabine uptake. We assessed interactions of bosutinib, dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib with recombinant hNTs (hENT1, 2; hCNT1, -2, and -3) produced individually in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nilotinib inhibited hENT1-mediated uridine transport most potently (IC50 value, 0.7 μm) followed by ponatinib > bosutinib > dasatinib > imatinib. Imatinib inhibited hCNT2 with an IC50 value of 2.3 μm Ponatinib inhibited all five hNTs with the greatest effect seen for hENT1 (IC50 value, 9 μm). TKIs inhibited [(3)H]uridine uptake in a competitive manner. Studies in yeast with mutants at two amino acid residues of hENT1 (L442I, L442T, M33A, M33A/L442I) previously shown to be involved in uridine and dipyridamole binding, suggested that BCR-ABL TKIs interacted with Met(33) (TM1) and Leu(442) (TM11) residues of hENT1. In cultured human CEM lymphoblastoid cells, which possess a single hNT type (hENT1), accumulation of [(3)H]cytarabine, [(3)H]cladribine, or [(3)H]fludarabine was reduced by each of the five TKIs, and also caused a reduction in cell surface expression of hENT1 protein. In conclusion, BCR-ABL TKIs variously inhibit five different hNTs, cause a decrease in cell surface hENT1 expression, and decrease uridine accumulation when presented together with uridine or when given before uridine. In experiments with mutant hENT1, we showed for the first time interaction of Met(33) (involved in dipyridamole binding) with BCR-ABL inhibitors and reduced interaction with M33A mutant hENT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya L Damaraju
- From the Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Dwayne Weber
- From the Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Michelle Kuzma
- From the Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Carol E Cass
- From the Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Michael B Sawyer
- From the Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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9
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Terentjeva S, Muceniece D, Petushkova J, Lūsis V. Synthesis of Novel 3-Substituted Benzamides Related to Imatinib. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14576998046299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twelve new 3-substituted benzamide derivatives structurally related to tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib have been synthesised by a Cu(I)-catalysed coupling of three previously synthesised (5-iodo-2-methylphenyl)-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)-6-perfluoroalkylpyrimidin-2-yl]amines with four synthesised 3-substituted 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Terentjeva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles St., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Dzintra Muceniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles St., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | | | - Viesturs Lūsis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles St., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
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10
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Chiarenza A, Manetti F, Petricci E, Ruat M, Naldini A, Taddei M, Carraro F. Novel Acylguanidine Derivatives Targeting Smoothened Induce Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149919. [PMID: 26934052 PMCID: PMC4774938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most relevant therapeutic approaches to treat CML rely on the administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like Imatinib, which are able to counteract the activity of Bcr-Abl protein increasing patient's life expectancy and survival. Unfortunately, there are some issues TKIs are not able to address; first of all TKIs are not so effective in increasing survival of patients in blast crisis, second they are not able to eradicate leukemic stem cells (LSC) which represent the major cause of disease relapse, and third patients often develop resistance to TKIs due to mutations in the drug binding site. For all these reasons it's of primary interest to find alternative strategies to treat CML. Literature shows that Hedgehog signaling pathway is involved in LSC maintenance, and pharmacological inhibition of Smoothened (SMO), one of the key molecules of the pathway, has been demonstrated to reduce Bcr-Abl positive bone marrow cells and LSC. Consequently, targeting SMO could be a promising way to develop a new treatment strategy for CML overcoming the limitations of current therapies. In our work we have tested some compounds able to inhibit SMO, and among them MRT92 appears to be a very potent SMO antagonist. We found that almost all our compounds were able to reduce Gli1 protein levels in K-562 and in KU-812 CML cell lines. Furthermore, they were also able to increase Gli1 and SMO RNA levels, and to reduce cell proliferation and induce apoptosis/autophagy in both the tested cell lines. Finally, we demonstrated that our compounds were able to modulate the expression of some miRNAs related to Hedgehog pathway such as miR-324-5p and miR-326. Being Hedgehog pathway deeply implicated in the mechanisms of CML we may conclude that it could be a good therapeutic target for CML and our compounds seem to be promising antagonists of such pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Smoothened Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Chiarenza
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Petricci
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS, UMR-9197, Neuroscience Paris- Saclay Institute, Molecules Circuits Department, Signal Transduction and Developmental Neuropharmacology Team, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antonella Naldini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taddei
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Carraro
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
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11
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Di Stefano C, Mirone G, Perna S, Marfe G. The roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis and drug resistance of chronic myelogenous leukemia (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 35:614-24. [PMID: 26718125 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the accumulation of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) myeloid cells. Ph+ cells occur via a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 resulting in constitutively active BCR-ABL fusion protein. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used against the kinase activity of BCR-ABL protein for the effective treatment of CML. However, the development of drug resistance, caused by different genetic mechanisms, is the major issue in the clinical application of TKIs. These mechanisms include changes in expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short non-coding regulatory RNAs that control gene expression and play an important role in cancer development and progression. In the present review, we highlight the roles of miRNAs both in the progression and chemotherapy-resistance of CML. Our understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the use of this knowledge not only in the treatment of patients with CML, but also in other type of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Di Stefano
- Department of Hematology, 'Tor Vergata' University, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mirone
- Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, I-00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Perna
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marfe
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
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12
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Fong CW. Binding energies of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Error assessment of computational methods for imatinib and nilotinib binding. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 58:40-54. [PMID: 26025598 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The binding energies of imatinib and nilotinib to tyrosine kinase have been determined by quantum mechanical (QM) computations, and compared with literature binding energy studies using molecular mechanics (MM). The potential errors in the computational methods include these critical factors. Errors in X-ray structures such as structural distortions and steric clashes give unrealistically high van der Waals energies, and erroneous binding energies.MM optimization gives a very different configuration to the QM optimization for nilotinib, whereas the imatinib ion gives similar configurations. Solvation energies are a major component of the overall binding energy. The QM based solvent model (PCM/SMD) gives different values from those used in the implicit PBSA solvent MM models. A major error in inhibitor—kinase binding lies in the non-polar solvation terms. Solvent transfer free energies and the required empirical solvent accessible surface area factors for nilotinib and imatinib ion to give the transfer free energies have been reverse calculated. These values differ from those used in the MM PBSA studies.An intertwined desolvation—conformational binding selectivity process is a balance of thermodynamic desolvation and intramolecular conformational kinetic control.The configurational entropies (TΔS) are minor error sources.
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Dong J, Lu W, Pan X, Su P, Shi Y, Wang J, Zhang J. Discovery of novel Bcr-Abl inhibitors targeting myristoyl pocket and ATP site. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6876-84. [PMID: 25464886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bcr-Abl plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and development of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Inhibition of Bcr-Abl has great potential for therapeutic intervention in CML. In order to obtain novel and potent Bcr-Abl inhibitors, twenty seven 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated herein. The biological results indicated that four compounds of them (C4, C5, C16, and C23) were potent Bcr-Abl inhibitors which were comparable to positive control. Moreover, C4 and C5 displayed promising antiproliferative activity against K562 cells. The results suggested that these 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidines could serve as promising leads for further optimization of Bcr-Abl inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Wen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Ping Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Yaling Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, PR China.
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14
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Fan J, Dong X, Zhang W, Zeng X, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Gao H, Zhao W, Ju D. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor Thiotanib targets Bcr-Abl and induces apoptosis and autophagy in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9763-75. [PMID: 25200837 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by abnormal Bcr and Abl genes and enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. Anti-CML therapy has been much improved along with the applications of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which selectively target Bcr-Abl and have a cytotoxic effect on CML. Recently, four-membered heterocycles as "compact modules" have attracted much interest in drug discovery. Grafting these small four-membered heterocycles onto a molecular scaffold could probably provide compounds that retain notable activity and populate chemical space otherwise not previously accessed. Accordingly, a novel TKI, Thiotanib, has been designed and synthesized. It selectively targets Bcr-Abl, inducing growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of CML cells. Meanwhile, the compound Thiotanib could also induce autophagy in CML cells. Interestingly, inhibition of autophagy promotes Thiotanib-induced apoptosis with no further activation of caspase 3, while inhibition of caspases did not affect the cell survival of CML cells. Moreover, the compound Thiotanib could inhibit phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, increase beclin-1 and Vps34, and block the formation of the Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 complex. This indicates the probable pathway of autophagy initiation. Our results highlight a new approach for TKI reforming and further provide an indication of the efficacy enhancement of TKIs in combination with autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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15
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Analysis of surface area features of structurally diverse molecules for Bcr/Abl kinase inhibitory activity and antiproliferative activity. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Luo Y, Liu H, Lu W. Design and Synthesis of NewImatinibAnalogs Containing Thiazolyl Moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei Lu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, iAIR; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
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17
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Mughal A, Aslam HM, Khan AMH, Saleem S, Umah R, Saleem M. Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors- current status. Infect Agent Cancer 2013; 8:23. [PMID: 23787070 PMCID: PMC3706229 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcr-Abl plays a central role in the development of chromosome positive leukaemia. Chronic Myeloid leukaemia occurs due to increase proliferation and resistance to apoptosis by Bcr-Abl positive cells. Imatinib (STI571) is the first drug in the family of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors while Nilotinib (AMN107) and Dasatinib (BMS-345825) are second generation drugs that are intended to have less resistance and intolerance than imatinib. Ponatinib (AP24534) an orally active Bcr-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and Bafetinib (INNO-406) have efficacy against various point mutations in the Bcr-Abl kinase. 1, 3, 4 thiadiazole derivatives has also displayed moderate inhibitory action on both Abl and Src kinase family. However there are varieties of Bcr-Abl inhibitors but Nilotinib is still the frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Mughal
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Shafaq Saleem
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ribak Umah
- Final Year Student Of Dinajpur Medical College, Dakshin Dinajpur District, West Bengal, Bangladesh
| | - Maria Saleem
- First Year Student of Karachi Medical And Dental College, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Lambert GK, Duhme-Klair AK, Morgan T, Ramjee MK. The background, discovery and clinical development of BCR-ABL inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:992-1000. [PMID: 23769978 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The story of the inhibition of BCR-ABL as a treatment for chronic myelogenous leukaemia serves to illustrate key aspects of the kinase drug discovery and development process. Firstly, elucidation of the disease mechanism enabled identification of the molecular target(s) which catalysed pharmaceutical research and resulted in Gleevec(®) (Novartis) as the first FDA approved BCR-ABL inhibitor. However, clinical success was soon tempered by the emergence of drug resistance through various mechanisms. Using rational drug design, several hypotheses were devised to overcome resistance issues leading to the development of second generation inhibitors, providing clinicians and patients with greater therapeutic choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma K Lambert
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Cyclofluidic Limited, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
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19
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Abstract
VEGF is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As an essential receptor protein tyrosine kinase propagating cellular signal transduction processes, VEGFR-2 is a central target for drug discovery against tumor-associated angiogenesis. Since the autophosphorylation of VEGFR-2 represents a key step in this signal pathway that contributes to angiogenesis, the discovery of small molecule inhibitors that block this reaction has attracted great interest for novel drugs research and development. Advances in the understanding of catalytic cleft and the conformational changes of DFG motif have resulted in the development of small molecule inhibitors known as type I and type II. High-resolution crystal structures of various inhibitors in complex with the receptor offer an insight into the relationship among binding modes, inhibition mechanisms, activity, selectivity and resistance. To control selectivity, improve activity and introduce intellectual property novelty, the strategies for the further development are discussed through structural and conformational analysis in this review.
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20
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel acrylamide analogues as inhibitors of BCR–ABL kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5279-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder that affects 5000 new patients per year in the United States. Prior to 10 years ago, durable remission was rare and patients often underwent bone marrow transplantation with substantial morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, CML has been the epicenter of exciting advances in cancer therapy with the discovery of the Bcr-Abl gene fusion and the subsequent development of imatinib mesylate, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to target the kinase activity of the bcr-abl protein product. Despite unprecedented durability for complete hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular responses seen with front-line imatinib therapy, many patients require alternative therapy because of drug intolerance, suboptimal response, primary resistance, secondary resistance, or progression to advanced phase disease. Further, up to 5% of patients present with advanced disease that does not sustain a durable response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Thus, up to one third of CML patients require alternate therapy. Chronic myeloid leukemia has become an exemplary model system for understanding molecular targeting and overcoming mechanisms of drug resistance. This review will discuss potential mechanisms of resistance and ongoing research into novel targets and agents for CML resistant to standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameek Roychowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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Lu T, Qiao YY, Shen PW. Molecular path for ligand search. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Valeyev NV, Aleksandrov A. An atomistic model for simulations of nilotinib and nilotinib/kinase binding. Theor Chem Acc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-011-0931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Komarova NL. Mathematical modeling of cyclic treatments of chronic myeloid leukemia. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2011; 8:289-306. [PMID: 21631131 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2011.8.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic treatment strategies in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) are characterized by alternating applications of two (or more) different drugs, given one at a time. One of the main causes for treatment failure in CML is the generation of drug resistance by mutations of cancerous cells. We use mathematical methods to develop general guidelines on optimal cyclic treatment scheduling, with the aim of minimizing the resistance generation. We define a condition on the drugs' potencies which allows for a relatively successful application of cyclic therapies. We find that the best strategy is to start with the stronger drug, but use longer cycle durations for the weaker drug. We further investigate the situation where a degree of cross-resistance is present, such that certain mutations cause cells to become resistant to both drugs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Komarova
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States.
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25
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26
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Vizirianakis IS, Chatzopoulou M, Bonovolias ID, Nicolaou I, Demopoulos VJ, Tsiftsoglou AS. Toward the development of innovative bifunctional agents to induce differentiation and to promote apoptosis in leukemia: clinical candidates and perspectives. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6779-810. [PMID: 20925433 DOI: 10.1021/jm100189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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27
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Aleksandrov A, Simonson T. A molecular mechanics model for imatinib and imatinib:kinase binding. J Comput Chem 2010; 31:1550-60. [PMID: 20020482 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib is an important anticancer drug, which binds specifically to the Abl kinase and blocks its signalling activity. To model imatinib:protein interactions, we have developed a molecular mechanics force field for imatinib and four close analogues, which is consistent with the CHARMM force field for proteins and nucleic acids. Atomic charges and Lennard-Jones parameters were derived from a supermolecule ab initio approach. We considered the ab initio energies and geometries of a probe water molecule interacting with imatinib fragments at 32 different positions. We considered both a neutral and a protonated imatinib. The final RMS deviation between the ab initio and force field energies, averaged over both forms, was 0.2 kcal/mol. The model also reproduces the ab initio geometry and flexibility of imatinib. To apply the force field to imatinib:Abl simulations, it is also necessary to determine the most likely imatinib protonation state when it binds to Abl. This was done using molecular dynamics free energy simulations, where imatinib is reversibly protonated during a series of MD simulations, both in solution and in complex with Abl. The simulations indicate that imatinib binds to Abl in its protonated, positively-charged form. To help test the force field and the protonation prediction, we did MD free energy simulations that compare the Abl binding affinities of two imatinib analogs, obtaining good agreement with experiment. Finally, two new imatinib variants were considered, one of which is predicted to have improved Abl binding. This variant could be of interest as a potential drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Aleksandrov
- Department of Biology, Laboratoire de Biochimie (CNRS UMR7654), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, 91128, France
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28
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Xu G, Shen H, Tong T, Lu A, Gou S. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spectral Characterization of Flumatinib Mesylate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903289248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Kumar KN, Sreeramamurthy K, Palle S, Mukkanti K, Das P. Dithiocarbamate and DBU-promoted amide bond formation under microwave condition. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chang S, Yin SL, Wang J, Jing YK, Dong JH. Design and synthesis of novel 2-phenylaminopyrimidine (PAP) derivatives and their antiproliferative effects in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Molecules 2009; 14:4166-79. [PMID: 19924055 PMCID: PMC6254841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 2-phenylaminopyrimidine (PAP) derivatives structurally related to STI-571 were designed and synthesized. The abilities of these compounds to inhibit proliferation were tested in human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. (E)-3-(2-bromophenyl)-N-[4-methyl-3-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)phenyl]acrylamide(12d) was the most effective cell growth inhibitor and was 3-fold more potent than STI-571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S-L.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Shi-Liang Yin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S-L.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S-L.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yong-Kui Jing
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; E-Mail: (Y-K.J.)
| | - Jin-Hua Dong
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; E-Mails: (S.C.); (S-L.Y.); (J.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86 2423986402; Fax: +86 2423904249
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31
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Huang WS, Zhu X, Wang Y, Azam M, Wen D, Sundaramoorthi R, Thomas RM, Liu S, Banda G, Lentini SP, Das S, Xu Q, Keats J, Wang F, Wardwell S, Ning Y, Snodgrass JT, Broudy MI, Russian K, Daley GQ, Iuliucci J, Dalgarno DC, Clackson T, Sawyer TK, Shakespeare WC. 9-(Arenethenyl)purines as dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitors targeting the inactive conformation: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4743-56. [PMID: 19572547 DOI: 10.1021/jm900166t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of potent dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitors based on a 9-(arenethenyl)purine core has been identified. Unlike traditional dual Src/Abl inhibitors targeting the active enzyme conformation, these inhibitors bind to the inactive, DFG-out conformation of both kinases. Extensive SAR studies led to the discovery of potent and orally bioavailable inhibitors, some of which demonstrated in vivo efficacy. Once-daily oral administration of inhibitor 9i (AP24226) significantly prolonged the survival of mice injected intravenously with wild type Bcr-Abl expressing Ba/F3 cells at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In a separate model, oral administration of 9i to mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of Src Y527F expressing NIH 3T3 cells elicited dose-dependent tumor shrinkage with complete tumor regression observed at the highest dose. Notably, several inhibitors (e.g., 14a, AP24163) exhibited modest cellular potency (IC50 = 300-400 nM) against the Bcr-Abl mutant T315I, a variant resistant to all currently marketed therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Huang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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32
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Ivanov AS, Shishkov SV. Synthesis of imatinib: a convergent approach revisited. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Katsoulas A, Rachid Z, McNamee JP, Williams C, Jean-Claude BJ. Combi-targeting concept: an optimized single-molecule dual-targeting model for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:1033-43. [PMID: 18483293 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of Bcr-Abl by the inhibitor Imatinib has proven efficacious in the therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However resistance to the drug emerges at the advanced phases of the disease. Therefore, novel therapy models remained to be designed. We have developed a novel dual targeted agent termed "combi-molecule" designed to not only block Bcr-Abl but also damage DNA. ZRF1, the first optimized prototype of the approach, was "programmed" to degrade into another inhibitor ZRF0 plus a methyl diazonium species. It was approximately 2-fold stronger Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor than Imatinib and a more potent DNA-damaging agent than Temodal. In the p53 wild-type Mo7p210 cells, the potency of ZRF1 was approximately 1,000-fold superior to that of the equieffective combinations of Imatinib plus Temodal. More importantly, its superior potency over Imatinib was more pronounced in Bcr-Abl-positive cells coexpressing wild-type p53. Studies to rationalize these results showed that, through its Bcr-Abl inhibitory function, it down-regulated p53. However, sufficient level of the latter protein was available for transactivating p21 and Bax, which are required for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The results suggest that, in p53 wild-type cells, apoptosis is induced not only through Bcr-Abl inhibition but also through the p53-controlled DNA-damaging pathway, leading to an additive effect that translates into enhanced cell death. The study conclusively showed that p53 is a major determinant for the cytotoxic advantages of the novel combi-molecular approach in CML, a disease in which 70% to 85% of all the cases express wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Katsoulas
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, McGill University Health Center/Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West, M7.19, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
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34
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Niwa T, Asaki T, Kimura S. NS-187 (INNO-406), a Bcr-Abl/Lyn Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2007. [DOI: 10.4137/117739010700200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases catalyze the transfer of the γ-phosphoryl group of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the hydroxyl groups of protein side chains, and they play critical roles in regulating cellular signal transduction and other biochemical processes. They are attractive targets for today's drug discovery and development, and many pharmaceutical companies are intensively developing various kinds of protein kinase inhibitors. A good example is the recent success with the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (Gleevec™) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Though imatinib has dramatically improved the treatment of Bcr-Abl-positive chronic myeloid leukemia, resistance is often found in patients with advanced-stage disease. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this resistance, including point mutations within the Abl kinase domain, amplification of the bcr-abl gene, overexpression of the corresponding mRNA, increased drug efflux mediated by P-glycoprotein, and activation of the Src-family kinase (SFK) Lyn. We set out to develop a novel drug whose affinity for Abl is higher than that of imatinib and whose specificity in inhibiting Lyn is higher than that of SFK/Abl inhibitors such as dasatinib (Sprycel™) or bosutinib (SKI-606). Our work has led to the development of NS-187 (INNO-406), a novel Abl/Lyn dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor with clinical prospects. To provide an overview of how a selective kinase inhibitor has been developed, this review presents chemical-modification studies carried out with the guidance of molecular modeling, the structural basis for the high potency and selectivity of NS-187 based on the X-ray structure of the NS-187/Abl complex, and the biological profiling of NS-187, including site-directed mutagenesis experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Niwa
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. 14, Nishinosho-Monguchi-Cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asaki
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. 14, Nishinosho-Monguchi-Cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8507, Japan
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35
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Maekawa T, Ashihara E, Kimura S. The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib and promising new agents against Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias. Int J Clin Oncol 2007; 12:327-40. [PMID: 17929114 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-007-0699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was the first human malignant disease to be linked to a single, acquired genetic abnormality. Identification of the Bcr-Abl kinase fusion protein and its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CML provided new opportunities to develop molecular-targeted therapies. Imatinib mesylate (IM, Gleevec, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland), which specifically inhibits the autophosphorylation of the Abl TK, has improved the treatment of CML. However, resistance is often reported in patients with advanced-stage disease. Several novel TK inhibitors have been developed that override IM resistance mechanisms caused by point mutations within the Abl kinase domain. Inhibitors of Abl TK are divided into two main groups, namely, ATP-competitive and ATP noncompetitive inhibitors. The ATP-competitive inhibitors fall into two subclasses, the Src/Abl inhibitors, and the 2-phenylaminopyrimidine-based compounds. Dasatinib (formerly BMS-354825), AP23464, SKI-606, and PD166326 are classified as Src/Abl inhibitors, while nilotinib (AMN107) and INNO-406 (NS-187) belong to the latter subclass of inhibitors. Of these agents, dasatinib and nilotinib underwent clinical trials earlier than the others and favorable results are now accumulating. Clinical studies of the other compounds, including SKI-606 and INNO-406, have been performed in rapid succession. Because of their strong affinities for the ATP-binding site compared to IM, most ATP-competitive inhibitors may be effective in IM-resistant patients. However, an ATP-competitive inhibitor that can inhibit the phosphorylation of T315I Bcr-Abl has not yet been developed. Instead, ATP noncompetitive inhibitors, such as ON012380, Aurora kinase inhibitor MK0457 (VX-680), and p38 MAP kinase inhibitor BIRB-796, have been developed to address this problem. This review provides an update on the underlying pathophysiologies of disease progression and IM resistance, and discusses the development of new targeted TK inhibitors for managing CML and the importance of future strategies targeting CML stem cells.
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MESH Headings
- Benzamides
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Maekawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku 606-8507, Japan.
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Rachid Z, Katsoulas A, Williams C, Larroque AL, McNamee J, Jean-Claude BJ. Optimization of novel combi-molecules: Identification of balanced and mixed bcr-abl/DNA targeting properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4248-53. [PMID: 17572088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steps toward the identification of combi-molecules with strong abl tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitory property and significant DNA damaging potential are described. The optimized combi-molecule 13a was shown to induce approximately twofold stronger abl TK inhibitory activity than Gleevec and high levels of DNA damage in chronic myelogenous leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Rachid
- Cancer Drug Research Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, McGill University/Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West Rm. M-719, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 1A1
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37
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Horio T, Hamasaki T, Inoue T, Wakayama T, Itou S, Naito H, Asaki T, Hayase H, Niwa T. Structural factors contributing to the Abl/Lyn dual inhibitory activity of 3-substituted benzamide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2712-7. [PMID: 17376680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Revised: 02/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate why 3-substituted benzamide derivatives show dual inhibition of Abl and Lyn protein tyrosine kinases, we determined their inhibitory activities against Abl and Lyn, carried out molecular modeling, and conducted a structure-activity relationship study with the aid of a newly determined X-ray structure of the Abl/Lyn dual inhibitor INNO-406 (formerly known as NS-187) bound to human Abl. We found that this series of compounds interacted with both kinases in very similar ways, so that they can inhibit both kinases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Horio
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd., 3-14-1 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan
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38
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San Juan AA. Structural investigation of PAP derivatives by CoMFA and CoMSIA reveals novel insight towards inhibition of Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:482-93. [PMID: 17446106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling by 3D-QSAR comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were employed on a series of phenylaminopyrimidine-based (PAP) Bcr-Abl inhibitors. The chemical structures of 63 PAP analogues were aligned using a template extracted from the crystal structure of STI571 bound to Abl kinase. Subsequently, the structures built were divided into training and test sets that include 53 and 10 compounds, respectively. Statistical results showed that the 3D-QSAR models generated from CoMSIA were superior to CoMFA (CoMSIA; q2=0.66, r2=0.94, N=3, F=139.09, r2pred=0.64 while CoMFA; q2=0.53, r2=0.73, N=3, F=43.53, r2pred=0.61). Based on the contour interpretation, the attachment of hydrophobic and bulky groups to the phenyl and pyrrolidine (D- and E-ring of NS-187, respectively) along with highly electronegative groups around the D-ring are important structural features for the design of second-generation Bcr-Abl inhibitors. The generated models are predictive based on reproducible values of the predicted compared with experimental activities in the test set. Further, the complementary analysis of contour maps to the Bcr-Abl binding site suggested the anchor points for binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amor A San Juan
- Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, South Korea.
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Manetti F, Pucci A, Magnani M, Locatelli GA, Brullo C, Naldini A, Schenone S, Maga G, Carraro F, Botta M. Inhibition of Bcr-Abl Phosphorylation and Induction of Apoptosis by Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines in Human Leukemia Cells. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:343-53. [PMID: 17295370 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, previously found to be Src inhibitors, was tested for their ability to inhibit proliferation of three Bcr-Abl-positive human leukemia cell lines (K-562, KU-812, and MEG-01), on the basis of the experimental evidence that various Src inhibitors are also active against Bcr-Abl kinase (the so called dual Src/Abl inhibitors). They reduce Bcr-Abl tyrosine phosphorylation and promote apoptosis of the Bcr-Abl-expressing cells. A cell-free enzymatic assay on isolated c-Abl confirmed that such compounds directly inhibit Abl activity. Finally, molecular modeling simulations were also performed to hypothesize the binding mode of the compounds into the Abl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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40
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Kimura S, Niwa T, Hirabayashi K, Maekawa T. Development of NS-187, a potent and selective dual Bcr-Abl/Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Naito H, Kimura S, Nakaya Y, Naruoka H, Kimura S, Ito S, Wakayama T, Maekawa T, Hirabayashi K. In vivo antiproliferative effect of NS-187, a dual Bcr-Abl/Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on leukemic cells harbouring Abl kinase domain mutations. Leuk Res 2006; 30:1443-6. [PMID: 16546254 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib often relapse due to point mutations in the Abl kinase domain. We herein examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of a Bcr-Abl/Lyn dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor, NS-187, on seven mutated Bcr-Abl proteins. NS-187 inhibited both Tyr393-phosphorylated and Tyr393-unphosphorylated Abl, resulting in significant in vitro growth inhibition of cells expressing six of seven mutated Bcr-Abl kinases, though not T315I. Furthermore, NS-187 prolonged the survival of mice injected with leukemic cells expressing all mutated Bcr-Abl tested except T315I, and its efficacy correlated well with its in vitro effects.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Benzamides
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia/drug therapy
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mutation
- Phosphorylation
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Survival Rate
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- src-Family Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Naito
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14 Nishinosho Mongucgi-Cho, Minami-Ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
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