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Zhang X, Guo J, Cheng F, Li S. Cytochrome P450 enzymes in fungal natural product biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1072-1099. [PMID: 33710221 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to the end of 2020 Fungal-derived polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenoids and their hybrids contribute significantly to the chemical space of total natural products. Cytochrome P450 enzymes play essential roles in fungal natural product biosynthesis with their broad substrate scope, great catalytic versatility and high frequency of involvement. Due to the membrane-bound nature, the functional and mechanistic understandings for fungal P450s have been limited for quite a long time. However, recent technical advances, such as the efficient and precise genome editing techniques and the development of several filamentous fungal strains as heterologous P450 expression hosts, have led to remarkable achievements in fungal P450 studies. Here, we provide a comprehensive review to cover the most recent progresses from 2015 to 2020 on catalytic functions and mechanisms, research methodologies and remaining challenges in the fast-growing field of fungal natural product biosynthetic P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China. and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China. and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Huang YS, Liu JQ, Zhang LJ, Lu HL. Synthesis of 1-Indanones from Benzoic Acids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202369w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Huang
- Guangdong Medical College School of Pharmacy, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Medical College School of Pharmacy, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lang-Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Medical College School of Pharmacy, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - He-Lin Lu
- Guangdong Medical College School of Pharmacy, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Cao S, Ross L, Tamayo G, Clardy J. Asterogynins: secondary metabolites from a Costa Rican endophytic fungus. Org Lett 2010; 12:4661-3. [PMID: 20839869 PMCID: PMC2951720 DOI: 10.1021/ol101972g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic fungus isolated from the small palm Asterogyne martiana produced two unusual steroid-like metabolites, asterogynin A (1) and asterogynin B (2), along with the known compounds viridiol (3) and viridin (4). Asterogynins A and B were characterized by NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis.
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Sheth RA, Mahmood U. Optical molecular imaging and its emerging role in colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G807-20. [PMID: 20595618 PMCID: PMC3774281 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00195.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The advent of molecular therapies targeted against specific, stereotyped cellular mutations that occur in this disease has ushered in new hope for treatment options. However, key questions regarding optimal dosing schedules, dosing duration, and patient selection remain unanswered. In this review, we describe how recent advances in molecular imaging, specifically optical molecular imaging with fluorescent probes, offer potential solutions to these questions. We begin with an overview of optical molecular imaging, including discussions on the various methods of design for fluorescent probes and the clinically relevant imaging systems that have been built to image them. We then focus on the relevance of optical molecular imaging to colorectal cancer. We review the most recent data on how this imaging modality has been applied to the measurement of treatment efficacy for currently available as well as developmental molecularly targeted therapies. We then conclude with a discussion on how this imaging approach has already begun to be translated clinically for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Sheth
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Posternak AG, Garlyauskayte RY, Yagupolskii LM. BTISA-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts bimolecular cyclization of cinnamic acid under superelectrophilic solvation conditions. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yuan H, Pupo MT, Blois J, Smith A, Weissleder R, Clardy J, Josephson L. A stabilized demethoxyviridin derivative inhibits PI3 kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4223-7. [PMID: 19523825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The viridins like demethoxyviridin (Dmv) and wortmannin (Wm) are nanomolar inhibitors of the PI3 kinases, a family of enzymes that play key roles in a host of regulatory processes. Central to the use of these compounds to investigate the role of PI3 kinase in biological systems, or as scaffolds for drug development, are the interrelated issues of stability, chemical reactivity, and bioactivity as inhibitors of PI3 kinase. We found that Dmv was an even more potent inhibitor of PI3 kinase than Wm. However, Dmv was notably less stable than Wm in PBS, with a half-life of 26min versus Wm's half-life of 3470min. Dmv, like Wm, disappeared in culture media with a half-life of less than 1min. To overcome Dmv's instability, it was esterified at the C1 position, and then reacted with glycine at the C20 position. The resulting Dmv derivative, termed SA-DmvC20-Gly had a half-life of 218min in PBS and 64min in culture media. SA-DmvC20-Gly underwent an exchange reaction at the C20 position with N-acetyl lysine in a manner similar to a WmC20 derivative, WmC20-Proline. SA-DmvC20-Gly inhibited PI3 kinase with an IC(50) of 44nM, compared to Wm's IC(50) of 12nM. These results indicate that the stability of Dmv can be manipulated by reactions at the C1 and C20 positions, while substantially maintaining its ability to inhibit PI3 kinase. Our results indicate it may be possible to obtain stabilized Dmv derivatives for use as PI3 kinase inhibitors in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hushan Yuan
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
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Insights into the PI3-K-PKB-mTOR signalling pathway from small molecules. J Chem Biol 2008; 1:49-62. [PMID: 19568798 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-008-0008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the progress that has been made in understanding the PI3-K-PKB-mTOR signalling pathway by using small molecules as pharmacological probes. It briefly covers the structural characteristics, regulation of and downstream effects of several key regulators of PI3-K-PKB-mTOR signalling, then highlights the use of small molecules (by structural type) to selectively modulate specific components of the pathway.
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Barnes KR, Blois J, Smith A, Yuan H, Reynolds F, Weissleder R, Cantley LC, Josephson L. Fate of a bioactive fluorescent wortmannin derivative in cells. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 19:130-7. [PMID: 17988080 DOI: 10.1021/bc7002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on NBD-Wm, a fluorescent wortmannin (Wm) probe that maintains the bioactivity of Wm as an inhibitor of PI3 kinase and as an antiproliferative agent. The attachment of the NBD fluorochrome permits NBD-Wm in cells to be monitored by NBD fluorescence-based methods such as FACS or fluorescence microscopy or with an anti-NBD antibody. The fluorescence of NBD-Wm treated cells reached a peak at 1.5 h and then decreased because of the extrusion of a fluorescent compound into the culture media. Cells accumulated NBD-Wm to levels about 30-fold higher than those in the media. NBD-Wm modified five major proteins, with the modification of the catalytic subunit of PI3 kinase being a minor band. The bioactivity of NBD-Wm, coupled with a variety of techniques available for determining its disposition, suggest that NBD-Wm can be a useful tool in understanding the mechanism of action of viridins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Barnes
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Marone R, Cmiljanovic V, Giese B, Wymann MP. Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase: moving towards therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1784:159-85. [PMID: 17997386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) orchestrate cell responses including mitogenic signaling, cell survival and growth, metabolic control, vesicular trafficking, degranulation, cytoskeletal rearrangement and migration. Deregulation of the PI3K pathway occurs by activating mutations in growth factor receptors or the PIK3CA locus coding for PI3Kalpha, by loss of function of the lipid phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome ten (PTEN/MMAC/TEP1), by the up-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), or the impairment of the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1/2). All these events are linked to growth and proliferation, and have thus prompted a significant interest in the pharmaceutical targeting of the PI3K pathway in cancer. Genetic targeting of PI3Kgamma (p110gamma) and PI3Kdelta (p110delta) in mice has underlined a central role of these PI3K isoforms in inflammation and allergy, as they modulate chemotaxis of leukocytes and degranulation in mast cells. Proof-of-concept molecules selective for PI3Kgamma have already successfully alleviated disease progress in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. As targeting PI3K moves forward to therapy of chronic, non-fatal disease, safety concerns for PI3K inhibitors increase. Many of the present inhibitor series interfere with target of rapamycin (TOR), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK(cs)) and activity of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene product (ATM). Here we review the current disease-relevant knowledge for isoform-specific PI3K function in the above mentioned diseases, and review the progress of >400 recent patents covering pharmaceutical targeting of PI3K. Currently, several drugs targeting the PI3K pathway have entered clinical trials (phase I) for solid tumors and suppression of tissue damage after myocardial infarction (phases I,II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Marone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
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Sani Souna Sido A, Chassaing S, Kumarraja M, Pale P, Sommer J. Solvent-dependent behavior of arylvinylketones in HUSY-zeolite: a green alternative to liquid superacid medium. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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