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Nikas SP, Ji L, Liu Y, Georgiadis MO, Dopeshwarkar A, Straiker A, Kudalkar S, Sadybekov AV, Dvorakova M, Katritch V, Mackie K, Marnett L, Makriyannis A. Chiral Me-2-arachidonoyl Glycerols: The First Potent Endocannabinoid Glyceride Templates with Stability to COX-2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:965-971. [PMID: 38894922 PMCID: PMC11181503 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) is the principal endogenously produced ligand for the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors (CBRs). The lack of potent and efficacious 2-AG ligands with resistance against metabolizing enzymes represents a significant void in the armamentarium of research tools available for studying eCB system molecular constituents and their function. Herein we report the first endocannabinoid glyceride templates with remarkably high potency and efficacy at CBRs. Two of our lead chiral 2-AG analogs, namely, (13S)- and (13R)-Me-2-AGs, potently inhibit excitatory neurotransmission via CB1 while they are endowed with excellent resistance to the oxidizing enzyme COX-2. Our SAR results are supported by docking studies of the key analog and 2-AG on the crystal structures of CB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros P. Nikas
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lipin Ji
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yingpeng Liu
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Markos-Orestis Georgiadis
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Amey Dopeshwarkar
- Department
of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular
Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alex Straiker
- Department
of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular
Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Shalley Kudalkar
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anastasiia V. Sadybekov
- Department
of Quantitative and Computational Biology, and Department of Chemistry,
Bridge Institute, Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Michaela Dvorakova
- Department
of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular
Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department
of Quantitative and Computational Biology, and Department of Chemistry,
Bridge Institute, Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department
of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular
Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lawrence Marnett
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Center
for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Dang HT, Kang GJ, Yoo ES, Hong J, Choi JS, Kim HS, Chung HY, Jung JH. Evaluation of endogenous fatty acid amides and their synthetic analogues as potential anti-inflammatory leads. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:1520-7. [PMID: 21257314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of endogenous fatty acid amides and their analogues (1-78) were prepared, and their inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells were evaluated. Their inhibitory activity on the pro-inflammatory chemokine MDC in IFN-γ-activated HaCaT cells was also examined. The results showed that the activity is strongly dependent on the nature of the fatty acid part of the molecules. As expected, the amides derived from enone fatty acids showed significant activity and were more active than those derived from other types of fatty acids. A variation of the amine headgroup also altered bioactivity profile remarkably, possibly by modulating cell permeability. Regarding the amine part of the molecules, N-acyl dopamines exhibited the most potent activity (IC(50) ∼2 μM). This is the first report of the inhibitory activity of endogenous fatty acid amides and their analogues on the production of nitric oxide, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and the chemokine MDC. This study suggests that the enone fatty acid-derived amides (such as N-acyl ethanolamines and N-acyl amino acids) and N-acyl dopamines may be potential anti-inflammatory leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung The Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Hanus LO. Pharmacological and therapeutic secrets of plant and brain (endo)cannabinoids. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:213-71. [PMID: 18777572 DOI: 10.1002/med.20135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on the chemistry and pharmacology of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids has reached enormous proportions, with approximately 15,000 articles on Cannabis sativa L. and cannabinoids and over 2,000 articles on endocannabinoids. The present review deals with the history of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, its uses, constituent compounds and their biogeneses, and similarity to compounds from Radula spp. In addition, details of the pharmacology of natural cannabinoids, as well as synthetic agonists and antagonists are presented. Finally, details regarding the pioneering isolation of the endocannabinoid anandamide, as well as the pharmacology and potential therapeutic uses of endocannabinoid congeners are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumír Ondrej Hanus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Suhara Y, Oka S, Kittaka A, Takayama H, Waku K, Sugiura T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of several structural analogs of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:854-67. [PMID: 17110113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG (1)) is an endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). There is growing evidence that 2-arachidonoylglycerol plays important physiological and pathophysiological roles in various mammalian tissues and cells, though the details remain to be clarified. In this study, we synthesized several remarkable analogs of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, closely related in chemical structure to 2-arachidonoylglycerol: an analog containing an isomer of arachidonic acid with migrated olefins (2-AGA118 (3)), an analog containing a one-carbon shortened fatty acyl moiety (2-AGA113 (4)), an analog containing an one-carbon elongated fatty acyl moiety (2-AGA114 (5)), a hydroxy group-containing analog (2-AGA105 (6)), a ketone group-containing analog (2-AGA109 (7)), and a methylene-linked analog (2-AGA104 (8)). We evaluated their biological activities as cannabinoid receptor agonists using NG108-15 cells which express the CB1 receptor and HL-60 cells which express the CB2 receptor. Notably, these structural analogs of 2-arachidonoylglycerol exhibited only weak agonistic activities toward either the CB1 receptor or the CB2 receptor, which is in good contrast to 2-arachidonoylglycerol which acted as a full agonist at these cannabinoid receptors. These results clearly indicate that the structure of 2-arachidonoylglycerol is strictly recognized by the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and provide further evidence that the cannabinoid receptors are primarily the intrinsic receptors for 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Suhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmcaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan
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