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Reboud-Ravaux M. [The proteasome - structural aspects and inhibitors: a second life for a validated drug target]. Biol Aujourdhui 2021; 215:1-23. [PMID: 34397372 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is the central component of the adaptable ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) discovered in the 1980's. It sustains protein homeostasis (proteostasis) under a large variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Its dysregulation has been often associated to various human diseases. Its potential regulation by modulators has emerged as promising avenue to develop treatments of various pathologies. The FDA approval in 2003 of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to treat multiple myeloma, then mantle lymphoma in 2006, has considerably increased the clinical interest of proteasome inhibition. Second-generation proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib) have been approved to overcome bortezomib resistance and improved toxicity profile and route of administration. Selective inhibition of immunoproteasome is a promising approach towards the development of immunomodulatory drugs. The design of these drugs relies greatly on the elucidation of high-resolution structures of the targeted proteasomes. The ATPase-dependent 26S proteasome (2.4 MDa) consists of a 20S proteolytic core and one or two 19S regulatory particles. The 20S core contains three types of catalytic sites. In recent years, due to technical advances especially in atomic cryo-electron microscopy, significant progress has been made in the understanding of 26S proteasome structure and its dynamics. Stepwise conformational changes of the 19S particle induced by ATP hydrolysis lead to substrate translocation, 20S pore opening and processive protein degradation by the 20S proteolytic subunits (2β1, 2β2 and 2β5). A large variety of structurally different inhibitors, both natural products or synthetic compounds targeting immuno- and constitutive proteasomes, has been discovered. The latest advances in this drug discovery are presented. Knowledge about structures, inhibition mechanism and detailed biological regulations of proteasomes can guide strategies for the development of next-generation inhibitors to treat human diseases, especially cancers, immune disorders and pathogen infections. Proteasome activators are also potentially applicable to the reduction of proteotoxic stresses in neurodegeneration and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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2
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Dumond J, Tronchet JMJ, Kirkiacharian S, Seman M, Reboud-Ravaux M. Insights into Biophysical Methods to Study Interactions Between HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190723121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Reverse Transcriptase (RT) of immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) remains an essential target for new antiretroviral therapies. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (or NNRTIs) constitute a major class of RT inhibitors whose characterization is essential.Introduction:Several biochemical, biological, and biophysical methods have been previously used to analyze the biological effects of NNRTIs. We explored here the use of surface plasmonic resonance to characterize the affinity of RT towards selected NNRTIs and compared the results with those obtained with in vitro and in cellulo assays.Methods:The solubility and stability in buffers of the tested NNRTIs were assessed by spectrophotometry and fluorescence. Surface plasmonic resonance experiments to study direct NNRTIs binding to immobilized RT and intramolecular quenching of RT tryptophan fluorescence were used to determine the KA association constants (= 1/KD) between RT and the inhibitors. The in vitro inhibition constants of RT were determined using kinetics and the effects on three other potential targets (proteasome, HIV-1 integrase, and HIV-1 protease) were analyzed.Results:The results obtained with two typical molecules belonging to our previous N-hydroxyureido acylnucleoside derivatives series using the above biophysical assays matched those obtained in in vitro and previous in cellulo assays.Conclusion:Surface plasmonic resonance provides reliable thermodynamic information on the interaction of RT with NNRTIs and appears as a useful method for understanding their inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dumond
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS, Adaptation biologique et Vieillissement, 7 quai Saint Bernard 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Serge Kirkiacharian
- Faculte de Pharmacie Paris-Sud. Laboratoire de Chimie Therapeutique. 5 rue Jean- Baptiste Clement 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Michel Seman
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U905, Pathophysiology Biotherapy of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases, Faculte de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Rouen, 22 Boulevard Gambetta 76183 Rouen Cedex, France
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS, Adaptation biologique et Vieillissement, 7 quai Saint Bernard 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Desvergne A, Cheng Y, Grosay-Gaudrel S, Maréchal X, Reboud-Ravaux M, Genin E, Vidal J. Noncovalent Fluorescent Probes of Human Immuno- and Constitutive Proteasomes. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9211-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5011429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Desvergne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, 7 Quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yan Cheng
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, 7 Quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Grosay-Gaudrel
- Université de Rennes 1, CPM, Bâtiment 10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 6510, Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Maréchal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, 7 Quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Integrated Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, 7 Quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Genin
- Université de Rennes 1, CPM, Bâtiment 10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 6510, Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Joëlle Vidal
- Université de Rennes 1, CPM, Bâtiment 10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 6510, Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, 35042 Rennes, France
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4
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Micale N, Scarbaci K, Troiano V, Ettari R, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Peptide-Based Proteasome Inhibitors in Anticancer Drug Design. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1001-69. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Micale
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Kety Scarbaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Valeria Troiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute; Università degli Studi di Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
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5
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Bordessa A, Keita M, Maréchal X, Formicola L, Lagarde N, Rodrigo J, Bernadat G, Bauvais C, Soulier JL, Dufau L, Milcent T, Crousse B, Reboud-Ravaux M, Ongeri S. α- and β-hydrazino acid-based pseudopeptides inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of the eukaryotic 20S proteasome. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:505-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Hasegawa M, Yasuda Y, Tanaka M, Nakata K, Umeda E, Wang Y, Watanabe C, Uetake S, Kunoh T, Shionyu M, Sasaki R, Shiina I, Mizukami T. A novel tamoxifen derivative, ridaifen-F, is a nonpeptidic small-molecule proteasome inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 71:290-305. [PMID: 24321833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In a survey of nonpeptide noncovalent inhibitors of the human 20S proteasome, we found that a novel tamoxifen derivative, RID-F (compound 6), inhibits all three protease activities of the proteasome at submicromolar levels. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that a RID-F analog (RID-F-S*4, compound 25) is the smallest derivative compound capable of inhibiting proteasome activity, with a potency similar to that of RID-F. Kinetic analyses of the inhibition mode and competition experiments involving biotin-belactosin A (a proteasome inhibitor) binding indicated that the RID-F derivatives interact with the protease subunits in a different manner. Culturing of human cells with these compounds resulted in accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and induction of apoptosis. Thus, the RID-F derivatives may be useful lead chemicals for the generation of a new class of proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hasegawa
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan.
| | - Yukari Yasuda
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Kenya Nakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Eri Umeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shoko Uetake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kunoh
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shionyu
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Sasaki
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Tamio Mizukami
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
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7
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Ozcan S, Kazi A, Marsilio F, Fang B, Guida WC, Koomen J, Lawrence HR, Sebti SM. Oxadiazole-isopropylamides as potent and noncovalent proteasome inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3783-805. [PMID: 23547706 DOI: 10.1021/jm400221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Screening of the 50000 ChemBridge compound library led to the identification of the oxadiazole-isopropylamide 1 (PI-1833) which inhibited chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity (IC50 = 0.60 μM) with little effects on the other two major proteasome proteolytic activities, trypsin-like (T-L) and postglutamyl-peptide-hydrolysis-like (PGPH-L). LC-MS/MS and dialysis show that 1 is a noncovalent and rapidly reversible CT-L inhibitor. Focused library synthesis provided 11ad (PI-1840) with CT-L activity (IC50 = 27 nM). Detailed SAR studies indicate that the amide moiety and the two phenyl rings are sensitive toward modifications. Hydrophobic residues, such as propyl or butyl in the para position (not ortho or meta) of the A-ring and a m-pyridyl group as B-ring, significantly improve activity. Compound 11ad (IC50 = 0.37 μM) is more potent than 1 (IC50 = 3.5 μM) at inhibiting CT-L activity in intact MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells and inhibiting their survival. The activity of 11ad warrants further preclinical investigation of this class as noncovalent proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Ozcan
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center , 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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8
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Desvergne A, Genin E, Maréchal X, Gallastegui N, Dufau L, Richy N, Groll M, Vidal J, Reboud-Ravaux M. Dimerized Linear Mimics of a Natural Cyclopeptide (TMC-95A) Are Potent Noncovalent Inhibitors of the Eukaryotic 20S Proteasome. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3367-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4002007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Desvergne
- Enzymologie
Moléculaire
et Fonctionnelle, UR4, University Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Case 256, 7 Quai
Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Emilie Genin
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS-UMR 6510, Bâtiment
10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Maréchal
- Enzymologie
Moléculaire
et Fonctionnelle, UR4, University Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Case 256, 7 Quai
Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nerea Gallastegui
- Center for Integrated Protein
Science, Department Chemie Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichetenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Laure Dufau
- Enzymologie
Moléculaire
et Fonctionnelle, UR4, University Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Case 256, 7 Quai
Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Richy
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS-UMR 6510, Bâtiment
10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein
Science, Department Chemie Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichetenbergstrasse
4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Joëlle Vidal
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS-UMR 6510, Bâtiment
10A, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Enzymologie
Moléculaire
et Fonctionnelle, UR4, University Paris 6, Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Case 256, 7 Quai
Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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9
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Maréchal X, Pujol A, Richy N, Genin E, Basse N, Reboud-Ravaux M, Vidal J. Noncovalent inhibition of 20S proteasome by pegylated dimerized inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:322-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Bazzaro M, Anchoori RK, Mudiam MKR, Issaenko O, Kumar S, Karanam B, Lin Z, Isaksson Vogel R, Gavioli R, Destro F, Ferretti V, Roden RBS, Khan SR. α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl system of chalcone-based derivatives is responsible for broad inhibition of proteasomal activity and preferential killing of human papilloma virus (HPV) positive cervical cancer cells. J Med Chem 2010; 54:449-56. [PMID: 21186794 DOI: 10.1021/jm100589p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have potential for the treatment of cervical cancer. We describe the synthesis and biological characterization of a new series of 1,3-diphenylpropen-1-one (chalcone) based derivatives lacking the boronic acid moieties of the previously reported chalcone-based proteasome inhibitor 3,5-bis(4-boronic acid benzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one and bearing a variety of amino acid substitutions on the amino group of the 4-piperidone. Our lead compound 2 (RA-1) inhibits proteasomal activity and has improved dose-dependent antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties in cervical cancer cells containing human papillomavirus. Further, it induces synergistic killing of cervical cancer cell lines when tested in combination with an FDA approved proteasome inhibitor. Exploration of the potential mechanism of proteasomal inhibition by our lead compound using in silico docking studies suggests that the carbonyl group of its oxopiperidine moiety is susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the γ-hydroxythreonine side chain within the catalytic sites of the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.
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11
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Basse N, Montes M, Maréchal X, Qin L, Bouvier-Durand M, Genin E, Vidal J, Villoutreix BO, Reboud-Ravaux M. Novel Organic Proteasome Inhibitors Identified by Virtual and in Vitro Screening. J Med Chem 2009; 53:509-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9011092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Basse
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, UR4, UPMC-Université de Paris 6, Case 256, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Matthieu Montes
- Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques in Silico, Université Paris Diderot, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Maréchal
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, UR4, UPMC-Université de Paris 6, Case 256, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lixian Qin
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, UR4, UPMC-Université de Paris 6, Case 256, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Michelle Bouvier-Durand
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, UR4, UPMC-Université de Paris 6, Case 256, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Emilie Genin
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, CNRS-UMR 6510, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, case 1012, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Vidal
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, CNRS-UMR 6510, Université de Rennes 1, Campus Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, case 1012, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno O. Villoutreix
- Inserm UMR-S 973, Molécules Thérapeutiques in Silico, Université Paris Diderot, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, UR4, UPMC-Université de Paris 6, Case 256, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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13
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Formicola L, Maréchal X, Basse N, Bouvier-Durand M, Bonnet-Delpon D, Milcent T, Reboud-Ravaux M, Ongeri S. Novel fluorinated pseudopeptides as proteasome inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:83-6. [PMID: 19041239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 11/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Formicola
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud 11, UMR-CNRS 8076, Molécules Fluorées et Chimie Médicinale, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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14
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Towards the control of intracellular protein turnover: mitochondrial Lon protease inhibitors versus proteasome inhibitors. Biochimie 2007; 90:260-9. [PMID: 18021745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis results from the combination of protein biogenesis processes and protein quality control mechanisms, which contribute to the functional state of cells under normal and stress conditions. Proteolysis constitutes the final step by which short-lived, misfolded and damaged intracellular proteins are eliminated. Protein turnover and oxidatively modified protein degradation are mainly achieved by the proteasome in the cytosol and nucleus of eukaryotic cells while several ATP-dependent proteases including the matrix protease Lon take part in the mitochondrial protein degradation. Moreover, Lon protease seems to play a major role in the elimination of oxidatively modified proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. Specific inhibitors are commonly used to assess cellular functions of proteolytic systems as well as to identify their protein substrates. Here, we present and discuss known proteasome and Lon protease inhibitors. To date, very few inhibitors of Lon have been described and no specific inhibitors of this protease are available. The current knowledge on both catalytic mechanisms and inhibitors of these two proteases is first described and attempts to define specific non-peptidic inhibitors of the human Lon protease are presented.
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15
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Basse N, Piguel S, Papapostolou D, Ferrier-Berthelot A, Richy N, Pagano M, Sarthou P, Sobczak-Thépot J, Reboud-Ravaux M, Vidal J. Linear TMC-95-Based Proteasome Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2842-50. [PMID: 17511440 DOI: 10.1021/jm0701324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and evaluated 45 linear analogues of the natural constrained cyclopeptide TMC-95A. These synthetically less demanding molecules are based on the tripeptide sequence Y-N-W of TMC-95A. Structural variations in the amino acid side chains and termini greatly influenced both the efficiency and selectivity of action on a given type of active site. Inhibition constants were submicromolar (Ki approximately 300 nM) despite the absence of the entropically favorable constrained conformation that is characteristic of TMC-95A and its cyclic analogues. These linear compounds were readily prepared and reasonably stable in culture medium and could be optimized to inhibit one, two, or all three proteasome catalytic sites. Cytotoxicity assays performed on a series of human tumor cell lines identified the most potent inhibitors in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Basse
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, FRE 2852, CNRS, Université de Paris VI, Institut Jacques Monod, T43, 2 Place Jussieu, F 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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