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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in the maintenance of muscle and bone and the support of male sexual-related functions, as well as in the progression of prostate cancer. Accordingly, AR-targeted therapies have been developed for the treatment of related human diseases and conditions. AR agonists are an important class of drugs in the treatment of bone loss and muscle atrophy. AR antagonists have also been developed for the treatment of prostate cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additionally, selective AR degraders (SARDs) have been reported. More recently, heterobifunctional degrader molecules of AR have been developed, and four such compounds are now in clinical development for the treatment of human prostate cancer. This review attempts to summarize the different types of compounds designed to target AR and the current frontiers of research on this important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Overview of the development of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) as pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis (1998–2021). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Temerdashev AZ, Dmitrieva EV. Methods for the Determination of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820070187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Driowya M, Guillot R, Bonnet P, Guillaumet G. Development of Novel and Efficient Processes for the Synthesis of 5-Amino and 5-Iminoimidazo[1,2- a]imidazoles via Three-Component Reaction Catalyzed by Zirconium(IV) Chloride. Front Chem 2019; 7:457. [PMID: 31338360 PMCID: PMC6628877 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
General and efficient approaches for the synthesis of new 5-amino and 5-iminoimidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles were developed through a three-component reaction of 1-unsubstituted 2-aminoimidazoles with various aldehydes and isocyanides mediated by zirconium(IV) chloride. The protocols were established considering the reactivity of the starting substrate, which varies depending on the presence of a substituent on the 2-aminoimidazole moiety. A library of new N-fused ring systems with wide structural diversification, novel synthetic, and potential pharmacological interest was obtained in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsine Driowya
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay, France
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
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5
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6
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Wang C, Zhao Q, Vargas M, Jones JO, White KL, Shackleford DM, Chen G, Saunders J, Ng ACF, Chiu FCK, Dong Y, Charman SA, Keiser J, Vennerstrom JL. Revisiting the SAR of the Antischistosomal Aryl Hydantoin (Ro 13-3978). J Med Chem 2016; 59:10705-10718. [PMID: 27933964 PMCID: PMC5150661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
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The aryl hydantoin 1 (Ro 13-3978) was identified in
the early 1980s as a promising antischistosomal lead compound. However,
this series of aryl hydantoins produced antiandrogenic side effects
in the host, a not unexpected outcome given their close structural
similarity to the antiandrogenic drug nilutamide. Building on the
known SAR of this compound series, we now describe a number of analogs
of 1 designed to maximize structural diversity guided
by incorporation of substructures and functional groups known to diminish
ligand–androgen receptor interactions. These analogs had calculated
polar surface area (PSA), measured LogD7.4, aqueous kinetic
solubility, and estimated plasma protein binding values in ranges
predictive of good ADME profiles. The principal SAR insight was that
the hydantoin core of 1 is required for high antischistosomal
activity. We identified several compounds with high antischistosomal
efficacy that were less antiandrogenic than 1. These
data provide direction for the ongoing optimization of antischistosomal
hydantoins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Mireille Vargas
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute , Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel , CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy O Jones
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Karen L White
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David M Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gong Chen
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Saunders
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alice C F Ng
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Francis C K Chiu
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus) , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical Institute , Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel , CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan L Vennerstrom
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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7
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Zhang X, Allan GF, Tannenbaum P, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lai MT, Haynes-Johnson D, Bhattacharjee S, Lundeen SG, Sui Z. Pharmacological characterization of an imidazolopyrazole as novel selective androgen receptor modulator. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 134:51-8. [PMID: 23098693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are androgens with tissue-selective activity. SARMs that have anabolic activity on muscle while having minimal stimulatory activity on prostate are classified as SARM agonists. They can be used to prevent the loss of lean body mass that is associated with cancer, immunodeficiency, renal disease and aging. They may also have anabolic activity on bone; thus, unlike estrogens, they may reverse the loss of bone strength associated with aging or hypogonadism. Our in-house effort on SARM program discovers a nonsteroidal androgen receptor ligand with a unique imidazolopyrazole moiety in its structure. In vitro, this compound is a weak androgen receptor binder and a weak androgen agonist. Despite this, in orchidectomized mature rats it is an effective SARM agonist, with an ED(50) on levator ani muscle of 3.3mg/kg and an ED(50) on ventral prostate of >30mg/kg. It has its maximal effect on muscle at the dose of 10mg/kg. In addition, this compound has mixed agonistic and antagonistic activities on prostate, reducing the weight of that tissue in intact rats by 22% at 10mg/kg. The compound does not have significant effect on gonadotropin levels or testosterone levels in both orchidectomized and intact male rats. It does not have notable progestin, estrogen or glucocorticoid agonistic or antagonistic activity in rats. In a female sexual behavior model, it improves the sexual desire of ovariectomized female rats for sexually mature intact males over nonsexually ovariectomized females. Overall, the imidazolopyrazole is a potent prostate-sparing candidate for development as a SARM agonist with an appropriate pharmacological profile for clinical benefit in muscle-wasting conditions and female sexual function disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Welsh&McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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8
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Patching SG. Efficient syntheses of 13C- and 14C-labelled 5-benzyl and 5-indolylmethyl L-hydantoins. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Jones LH, Summerhill NW, Swain NA, Mills JE. Aromatic chloride to nitrile transformation: medicinal and synthetic chemistry. MEDCHEMCOMM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the medicinal and synthetic chemistry relevance of replacing an aromatic chloride motif with an aromatic nitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn H. Jones
- Sandwich Chemistry
- World Wide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Ltd
- Sandwich
- United Kingdom
| | | | - Nigel A. Swain
- Sandwich Chemistry
- World Wide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Ltd
- Sandwich
- United Kingdom
| | - James E. Mills
- Sandwich Chemistry
- World Wide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Ltd
- Sandwich
- United Kingdom
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10
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Zhang X, Lanter JC, Sui Z. Recent advances in the development of selective androgen receptor modulators. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:1239-58. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770902994397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Jones A, Coss CC, Narayanan R, He Y, Hwang DJ, Dalton JT, Miller DD. Nonsteroidal Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs): Dissociating the Anabolic and Androgenic Activities of the Androgen Receptor for Therapeutic Benefit. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3597-617. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900280m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Mohler
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Casey E. Bohl
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Amanda Jones
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Yali He
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Dong Jin Hwang
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - James T. Dalton
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Duane D. Miller
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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12
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Sumoto K, Fujisaki F, Shoji K. A Synthetic Application of β-Aminoalanines to Some New 5-Dialkylaminomethyl-3-phenylhydantoin Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Narayanan R, He Y, Hwang DJ, Dalton JT, Miller DD. Nonsteroidal Tissue‐Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527623297.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Narayanan R, Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Miller DD, Dalton JT. Selective androgen receptor modulators in preclinical and clinical development. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2008; 6:e010. [PMID: 19079612 PMCID: PMC2602589 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the function of several organs including primary and accessory sexual organs, skeletal muscle, and bone, making it a desirable therapeutic target. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) bind to the AR and demonstrate osteo- and myo-anabolic activity; however, unlike testosterone and other anabolic steroids, these nonsteroidal agents produce less of a growth effect on prostate and other secondary sexual organs. SARMs provide therapeutic opportunities in a variety of diseases, including muscle wasting associated with burns, cancer, or end-stage renal disease, osteoporosis, frailty, and hypogonadism. This review summarizes the current standing of research and development of SARMs, crystallography of AR with SARMs, plausible mechanisms for their action and the potential therapeutic indications for this emerging class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Narayanan
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Allan G, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lai MT, Haynes-Johnson D, Bhattacharjee S, Ng R, Sui Z, Lundeen S. A selective androgen receptor modulator with minimal prostate hypertrophic activity restores lean body mass in aged orchidectomized male rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 110:207-13. [PMID: 18502117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are required for the maintenance of normal sexual activity in adulthood and for enhancing muscle growth and lean body mass in adolescents and adults. Androgen receptor (AR) ligands with tissue selectivity (selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs) have potential for treating muscle wasting, hypogonadism of aging, osteoporosis, female sexual dysfunction, and other indications. JNJ-37654032 is a nonsteroidal AR ligand with mixed agonist and antagonist activity in androgen-responsive cell-based assays. It is an orally active SARM with muscle selectivity in orchidectomized rat models. It stimulated growth of the levator ani muscle with ED(50) 0.8 mg/kg, stimulating maximal growth at a dose of 3mg/kg. In contrast, it stimulated ventral prostate growth to 21% of its full size at 3mg/kg. At the same time, JNJ-37654032 reduced prostate weight in intact rats by 47% at 3mg/kg, while having no inhibitory effect on muscle. Using magnetic resonance imaging to monitor body composition, JNJ-37654032 restored about 20% of the lean body mass lost following orchidectomy in aged rats. JNJ-37654032 reduced follicle-stimulating hormone levels in orchidectomized rats and reduced testis size in intact rats. JNJ-37654032 is a potent prostate-sparing SARM with the potential for clinical benefit in muscle-wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Allan
- Reproductive Therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 1000 U.S. Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ, USA.
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Murray RG, Whitehead DM, Le Strat F, Conway SJ. Facile one-pot synthesis of 5-substituted hydantoins. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:988-91. [PMID: 18327322 DOI: 10.1039/b719675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
5-Substituted and 5,5-disubstituted hydantoins are synthesised from the corresponding aldehydes or ketones, using a one-pot, gallium(III) triflate-catalysed procedure that is compatible with a range of substrates and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross G Murray
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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17
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Allan GF, Tannenbaum P, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lai MT, Haynes-Johnson D, Bhattacharjee S, Zhang X, Sui Z, Lundeen SG. A selective androgen receptor modulator with minimal prostate hypertrophic activity enhances lean body mass in male rats and stimulates sexual behavior in female rats. Endocrine 2007; 32:41-51. [PMID: 17992601 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-9005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) ligands with tissue selectivity (selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs) have potential for treating muscle wasting, hypogonadism of aging, osteoporosis, female sexual dysfunction, and other indications. JNJ-28330835 is a nonsteroidal AR ligand with mixed agonist and antagonist activity in androgen-responsive cell-based assays. It is an orally active SARM with muscle selectivity in orchidectomized rat models. It stimulated growth of the levator ani muscle, stimulating maximal growth at a dose of 10 mg/kg. At the same time, JNJ-28330835 reduced prostate weight in intact rats by a mean of 30% at 10 mg/kg, while having no inhibitory effect on muscle. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor body composition, it prevented half of the loss of lean body mass associated with orchidectomy, and restored about 30% of lost lean mass to aged orchidectomized rats. It had agonist effects on markers of both osteoclast and osteoblast activity, suggesting that it reduces bone turnover. In a model of sexual behavior, JNJ-28330835 enhanced the preference of ovariectomized female rats for sexually intact male rats over nonsexual orchidectomized males. JNJ-28330835 is a prostate-sparing SARM with the potential for clinically beneficial effects in muscle-wasting diseases and sexual function disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Allan
- Reproductive Therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Raritan, NJ, 08869, USA.
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18
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Higuchi RI, Thompson AW, Chen JH, Caferro TR, Cummings ML, Deckhut CP, Adams ME, Tegley CM, Edwards JP, López FJ, Kallel EA, Karanewsky DS, Schrader WT, Marschke KB, Zhi L. Potent, nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) based on 8H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3-f]quinolin-8-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5442-6. [PMID: 17703938 PMCID: PMC2739385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of androgen receptor modulators based on 8H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3-f]quinolin-8-ones was synthesized and evaluated in an androgen receptor transcriptional activation assay. The most potent analogues from the series exhibited single-digit nanomolar potency in vitro. Compound 18h demonstrated full efficacy in the maintenance of muscle weight, at 10 mg/kg, with reduced activity in prostate weight in an in vivo model of androgen action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Higuchi
- Discovery Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, 10275 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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19
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van Oeveren A, Pio BA, Tegley CM, Higuchi RI, Wu M, Jones TK, Marschke KB, Negro-Vilar A, Zhi L. Discovery of an androgen receptor modulator pharmacophore based on 2-quinolinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1523-6. [PMID: 17257838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of alkylamino-2-quinolinone compounds (3) was discovered as androgen receptor modulators based on an early linear tricyclic quinoline pharmacophore (1). The series demonstrated selective high binding affinity to androgen receptor and potent receptor modulating activities in the cotransfection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan van Oeveren
- Discovery Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, 10275 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Ng RA, Lanter JC, Alford VC, Allan GF, Sbriscia T, Lundeen SG, Sui Z. Synthesis of potent and tissue-selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs): 2-(2,2,2)-Trifluoroethyl-benzimidazole scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1784-7. [PMID: 17197181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vivo SAR of 2-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethyl-benzimidazoles are described. Prostate antagonism and/or levator ani agonism can be modulated by varying the substitution at the 2-position of 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazoles. Potent androgen agonists on the muscle were discovered that strongly bind to the androgen receptor (2-17 nM) and show potent in vivo efficacy (0.03-0.11 mg/day). True SARMs showing both prostate antagonism and levator ani agonism were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Ng
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Drug Discovery, 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA
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Ng RA, Guan J, Alford VC, Lanter JC, Allan GF, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lundeen SG, Sui Z. Synthesis and SAR of potent and selective androgen receptor antagonists: 5,6-Dichloro-benzimidazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:784-8. [PMID: 17095226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vivo SAR of 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole derivatives as novel selective androgen receptor antagonists are described. During screening of 2-alkyl benzimidazoles, it was found that a trifluoromethyl group greatly enhances antagonist activity in the prostate. Benzimidazole 1 is a potent AR antagonist in the rat prostate (ID50 = 0.15 mg/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Ng
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Drug Discovery, 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA
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Ng RA, Guan J, Alford VC, Lanter JC, Allan GF, Sbriscia T, Lundeen SG, Sui Z. 2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole derivatives as potent androgen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:955-8. [PMID: 17134895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vivo SAR of N-benzyl, N-aceto, and N-ethylene ether derivatives of 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole as novel androgen receptor antagonists are described. SAR studies led to the discovery of 4-bromo-benzyl benzimidazole 17 as a more potent androgen receptor antagonist in the rat prostate (ID(50)=0.13mg/day), compared with bicalutamide (ID(50)=0.23mg/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Ng
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Drug Discovery, 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA
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Zhang X, Li X, Allan GF, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lundeen SG, Sui Z. Serendipitous discovery of novel imidazolopyrazole scaffold as selective androgen receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:439-43. [PMID: 17079140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel imidazolopyrazole derivative has been fortuitously discovered as potent selective androgen receptor modulator with in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Zhang
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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