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A novel intravenous vehicle for preclinical cardiovascular screening of small molecule drug candidates in rat. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 82:62-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Synthesis and SAR of 4-aminocyclopentapyrrolidines as orally active N-type calcium channel inhibitors for inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4857-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gong L, Han X, Silva T, Tan YC, Goyal B, Tivitmahaisoon P, Trejo A, Palmer W, Hogg H, Jahagir A, Alam M, Wagner P, Stein K, Filonova L, Loe B, Makra F, Rotstein D, Rapatova L, Dunn J, Zuo F, Porto JD, Wong B, Jin S, Chang A, Tran P, Hsieh G, Niu L, Shao A, Reuter D, Hermann J, Kuglstatter A, Goldstein D. Development of indole/indazole-aminopyrimidines as inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK): Optimization for JNK potency and physicochemical properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3565-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Strittmatter F, Walther S, Gratzke C, Göttinger J, Beckmann C, Roosen A, Schlenker B, Hedlund P, Andersson KE, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Inhibition of adrenergic human prostate smooth muscle contraction by the inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, SP600125 and BI-78D3. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1926-35. [PMID: 22364229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE α(1) -Adrenoceptor-induced contraction of prostate smooth muscle is mediated by calcium- and Rho kinase-dependent mechanisms. In addition, other mechanisms, such as activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) may be involved. Here, we investigated whether JNK participates in α(1)-adrenoceptor-induced contraction of human prostate smooth muscle. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prostate tissue was obtained from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Effects of the JNK inhibitors SP600125 (50 µM) and BI-78D3 (30 µM) on contractions induced by phenylephrine, noradrenaline and electric field stimulation (EFS) were studied in myographic measurements. JNK activation by noradrenaline (30 µM) and phenylephrine (10 µM), and the effects of JNK inhibitors of c-Jun phosphorylation were assessed by Western blot analyses with phospho-specific antibodies. Expression of JNK was studied by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence double staining. KEY RESULTS The JNK inhibitors SP600125 and BI-78D3 reduced phenylephrine- and noradrenaline-induced contractions of human prostate strips. In addition, SP600125 reduced EFS-induced contraction of prostate strips. Stimulation of prostate tissue with noradrenaline or phenylephrine in vitro resulted in activation of JNK. Incubation of prostate tissue with SP600125 or BI-78D3 reduced the phosphorylation state of c-Jun. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the expression of JNK in smooth muscle cells of human prostate tissue. Fluorescence staining showed that α(1A)-adrenoceptors and JNK are expressed in the same cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of JNK is involved in α(1)-adrenoceptor-induced prostate smooth muscle contraction. Models of α(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated prostate smooth muscle contraction should include this JNK-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Strittmatter
- Department of Urology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Gong L, Tan YC, Boice G, Abbot S, McCaleb K, Iyer P, Zuo F, Dal Porto J, Wong B, Jin S, Chang A, Tran P, Hsieh G, Niu L, Shao A, Reuter D, Lukacs CM, Ursula Kammlott R, Kuglstatter A, Goldstein D. Discovery of a novel series of 4-quinolone JNK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7381-7. [PMID: 23142618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of highly selective JNK inhibitors based on the 4-quinolone scaffold was designed and synthesized. Structure based drug design was utilized to guide the compound design as well as improvements in the physicochemical properties of the series. Compound (13c) has an IC(50) of 62/170 nM for JNK1/2, excellent kinase selectivity and impressive efficacy in a rodent asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Beebe X, Darczak D, Henry RF, Vortherms T, Janis R, Namovic M, Donnelly-Roberts D, Kage KL, Surowy C, Milicic I, Niforatos W, Swensen A, Marsh KC, Wetter JM, Franklin P, Baker S, Zhong C, Simler G, Gomez E, Boyce-Rustay JM, Zhu CZ, Stewart AO, Jarvis MF, Scott VE. Synthesis and SAR of 4-aminocyclopentapyrrolidines as N-type Ca2+ channel blockers with analgesic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4128-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A-1048400 is a novel, orally active, state-dependent neuronal calcium channel blocker that produces dose-dependent antinociception without altering hemodynamic function in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 83:406-18. [PMID: 22153861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels on sensory nerves attenuates neurotransmitter release and membrane hyperexcitability associated with chronic pain states. Identification of small molecule Ca²⁺ channel blockers that produce significant antinociception in the absence of deleterious hemodynamic effects has been challenging. In this report, two novel structurally related compounds, A-686085 and A-1048400, were identified that potently block N-type (IC₅₀=0.8 μM and 1.4 μM, respectively) and T-type (IC₅₀=4.6 μM and 1.2 μM, respectively) Ca²⁺ channels in FLIPR based Ca²⁺ flux assays. A-686085 also potently blocked L-type Ca²⁺ channels (EC₅₀=0.6 μM), however, A-1048400 was much less active in blocking this channel (EC₅₀=28 μM). Both compounds dose-dependently reversed tactile allodynia in a model of capsaicin-induced secondary hypersensitivity with similar potencies (EC₅₀=300-365 ng/ml). However, A-686085 produced dose-related decreases in mean arterial pressure at antinociceptive plasma concentrations in the rat, while A-1048400 did not significantly alter hemodynamic function at supra-efficacious plasma concentrations. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that A-1048400 blocks native N- and T-type Ca²⁺ currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (IC₅₀=3.0 μM and 1.6 μM, respectively) in a voltage-dependent fashion. In other experimental pain models, A-1048400 dose-dependently attenuated nociceptive, neuropathic and inflammatory pain at doses that did not alter psychomotor or hemodynamic function. The identification of A-1048400 provides further evidence that voltage-dependent inhibition of neuronal Ca²⁺ channels coupled with pharmacological selectivity vs. L-type Ca²⁺ channels can provide robust antinociception in the absence of deleterious effects on hemodynamic or psychomotor function.
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Lim AKH, Ma FY, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Ozols E, Young MJ, Bennett BL, Friedman GC, Tesch GH. Evaluation of JNK blockade as an early intervention treatment for type 1 diabetic nephropathy in hypertensive rats. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34:337-46. [PMID: 21876346 DOI: 10.1159/000331058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is activated in human kidney diseases and promotes renal injury in experimental glomerulonephritis. In this study, we examined whether JNK signaling plays a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy or in regulating hypertension, which exacerbates diabetic renal injury. METHODS Diabetes was induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) using streptozotocin. At week 16 of diabetes, rats with equivalent hyperglycemia and albuminuria were randomized into groups which received no treatment, vehicle alone or a selective JNK inhibitor (CC-930, 60 mg/kg/bid) for 10 weeks. These rats were assessed for hypertension and progression of renal damage. RESULTS At week 16, diabetic rats showed increased kidney JNK activation compared with nondiabetic controls. Effective JNK inhibition was demonstrated at week 26 by reductions in c-Jun phosphorylation. CC-930 did not affect blood pressure, kidney hypertrophy, glomerular hyperfiltration, podocyte loss, glomerular fibrosis or tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic SHR. However, CC-930 reduced macrophages and ccl2 mRNA levels in diabetic kidneys. In contrast, CC-930 exacerbated albuminuria at week 26, which was associated with reduced glomerular mRNA levels of the podocyte-specific molecules, nephrin and podocin. CONCLUSION JNK inhibition does not prevent the progression of early diabetic renal injury in hypertensive rats, which contrasts with the ability of JNK inhibition to suppress albuminuria and injury in experimental glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy K H Lim
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Siddiqui MA, Reddy PA. Small molecule JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3005-12. [PMID: 20146479 DOI: 10.1021/jm9003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Arshad Siddiqui
- Merck Research Laboratories, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.
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Bogoyevitch MA, Ngoei KR, Zhao TT, Yeap YY, Ng DC. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling: Recent advances and challenges. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:463-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Segreti JA, Marsh KC, Polakowski JS, Fryer RM. Evoked Changes in Cardiovascular Function in Rats by Infusion of Levosimendan, OR-1896 [(R)-N-(4-(4-Methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)phenyl)acetamide], OR-1855 [(R)-6-(4-Aminophenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one], Dobutamine, and Milrinone: Comparative Effects on Peripheral Resistance, Cardiac Output, dP/dt, Pulse Rate, and Blood Pressure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:331-40. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.132530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bogoyevitch MA, Arthur PG. Inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinases: JuNK no more? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2007; 1784:76-93. [PMID: 17964301 PMCID: PMC7185448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) have been the subject of intense interest since their discovery in the early 1990s. Major research programs have been directed to the screening and/or design of JNK-selective inhibitors and testing their potential as drugs. We begin this review by considering the first commercially-available JNK ATP-competitive inhibitor, SP600125. We focus on recent studies that have evaluated the actions of SP600125 in lung, brain, kidney and liver following exposure to a range of stress insults including ischemia/reperfusion. In many but not all cases, SP600125 administration has proved beneficial. JNK activation can also follow infection, and we next consider recent examples that demonstrate the benefits of SP600125 administration in viral infection. Additional ATP-competitive JNK inhibitors have now been described following high throughput screening of small molecule libraries, but information on their use in biological systems remains limited and thus these inhibitors will require further evaluation. Peptide substrate-competitive ATP-non-competitive inhibitors of JNK have also now been described, and we discuss the recent advances in the use of JNK inhibitory peptides in the treatment of neuronal death, diabetes and viral infection. We conclude by raising a number of questions that should be considered in the quest for JNK-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Chapter 17 MAP Kinase Inhibitors in Inflammation and Autoimmune Disorders. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(07)42017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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