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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in the maintenance of muscle and bone and the support of male sexual-related functions, as well as in the progression of prostate cancer. Accordingly, AR-targeted therapies have been developed for the treatment of related human diseases and conditions. AR agonists are an important class of drugs in the treatment of bone loss and muscle atrophy. AR antagonists have also been developed for the treatment of prostate cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additionally, selective AR degraders (SARDs) have been reported. More recently, heterobifunctional degrader molecules of AR have been developed, and four such compounds are now in clinical development for the treatment of human prostate cancer. This review attempts to summarize the different types of compounds designed to target AR and the current frontiers of research on this important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Overview of the development of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) as pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis (1998–2021). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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3
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Sivaguru P, Bi X. Fluoroalkyl N-sulfonyl hydrazones: An efficient reagent for the synthesis of fluoroalkylated compounds. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Ostrovskii VS, Beletskaya IP, Titanyuk ID. Trifluoroacetaldehyde N-Tosylhydrazone as a Precursor of Trifluorodiazoethane in Reactions of Insertion into the Heteroatom–Hydrogen Bond. Org Lett 2019; 21:9080-9083. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Ostrovskii
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 11999, Russian Federation
| | - Irina P. Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 11999, Russian Federation
| | - Igor D. Titanyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow 11999, Russian Federation
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Xie MS, Guo Z, Qu GR, Guo HM. Regiodivergent Synthesis of Pyrazolines with a Quaternary Carbon Center via Cycloaddition of Diazoesters to N-Purine-Substituted Allenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5010-5014. [PMID: 30067368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diversity-oriented synthesis of pyrazoline derivatives that contain a quaternary carbon center has been achieved via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between N-purine-substituted allenes and α-alkyl/aryl diazoesters. Using Pd2(dba)3 as a catalyst, only 1-pyrazoline derivatives are produced in a regioselective manner. When DPPB is used as a catalyst, diverse 1-pyrazolines and 2-pyrazolines are obtained in moderate to good total yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Gui-Rong Qu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
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6
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Driowya M, Allouchi H, Gally JM, Bonnet P, Guillaumet G. Synthesis of novel series of 7,7′-(substituted methylene)bis-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles via an acid catalyzed one-pot three-component reaction. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05088g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid synthesis of new series of N-alkyl-2-aryl-5H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles has been achieved in high yields through a three-component reaction of 3-amino-4-substituted pyrazoles, aromatic aldehydes and isocyanides mediated by acid catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsine Driowya
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - Hassan Allouchi
- Laboratoire de Physique
- équipe RICM UMR-ISP 1282
- Université François Rabelais de Tours
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | - José Manuel Gally
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - Pascal Bonnet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
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Rahmati A, Eskandari-Vashareh M, Alizadeh-Kouzehrash M. Synthesis of 3-(benzylideneamino)-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carbonitriles via a four-component condensation reaction. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Zhang X, Allan GF, Tannenbaum P, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lai MT, Haynes-Johnson D, Bhattacharjee S, Lundeen SG, Sui Z. Pharmacological characterization of an imidazolopyrazole as novel selective androgen receptor modulator. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 134:51-8. [PMID: 23098693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are androgens with tissue-selective activity. SARMs that have anabolic activity on muscle while having minimal stimulatory activity on prostate are classified as SARM agonists. They can be used to prevent the loss of lean body mass that is associated with cancer, immunodeficiency, renal disease and aging. They may also have anabolic activity on bone; thus, unlike estrogens, they may reverse the loss of bone strength associated with aging or hypogonadism. Our in-house effort on SARM program discovers a nonsteroidal androgen receptor ligand with a unique imidazolopyrazole moiety in its structure. In vitro, this compound is a weak androgen receptor binder and a weak androgen agonist. Despite this, in orchidectomized mature rats it is an effective SARM agonist, with an ED(50) on levator ani muscle of 3.3mg/kg and an ED(50) on ventral prostate of >30mg/kg. It has its maximal effect on muscle at the dose of 10mg/kg. In addition, this compound has mixed agonistic and antagonistic activities on prostate, reducing the weight of that tissue in intact rats by 22% at 10mg/kg. The compound does not have significant effect on gonadotropin levels or testosterone levels in both orchidectomized and intact male rats. It does not have notable progestin, estrogen or glucocorticoid agonistic or antagonistic activity in rats. In a female sexual behavior model, it improves the sexual desire of ovariectomized female rats for sexually mature intact males over nonsexually ovariectomized females. Overall, the imidazolopyrazole is a potent prostate-sparing candidate for development as a SARM agonist with an appropriate pharmacological profile for clinical benefit in muscle-wasting conditions and female sexual function disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Welsh&McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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9
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Meyers MJ, Arhancet GB, Hockerman SL, Chen X, Long SA, Mahoney MW, Rico JR, Garland DJ, Blinn JR, Collins JT, Yang S, Huang HC, McGee KF, Wendling JM, Dietz JD, Payne MA, Homer BL, Heron MI, Reitz DB, Hu X. Discovery of (3S,3aR)-2-(3-Chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-3-cyclopentyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[g]indazole-7-carboxylic Acid (PF-3882845), an Orally Efficacious Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) Antagonist for Hypertension and Nephropathy. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5979-6002. [PMID: 20672822 DOI: 10.1021/jm100505n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J. Meyers
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Graciela B. Arhancet
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Susan L. Hockerman
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Scott A. Long
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Matthew W. Mahoney
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Joseph R. Rico
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Danny J. Garland
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - James. R. Blinn
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Joe T. Collins
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Shengtian Yang
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Horng-Chih Huang
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Kevin F. McGee
- Albany Molecular Research, Inc., 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 12203
| | - Jay M. Wendling
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Jessica D. Dietz
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Maria A. Payne
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Bruce L. Homer
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Marcia I. Heron
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - David B. Reitz
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Xiao Hu
- St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
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Min L, Yanase T, Tanaka T, Fan W, Nomura M, Kawate H, Okabe T, Takayanagi R, Nawata H. A novel synthetic androgen receptor ligand, S42, works as a selective androgen receptor modulator and possesses metabolic effects with little impact on the prostate. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5606-16. [PMID: 19854864 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel synthetic steroid, S42, as a promising candidate of selective androgen receptor (AR) modulator. Results of the whole-cell binding assay using COS-7 cells exogenously expressing various steroid receptors indicated that S42 specifically binds to AR and progesterone receptor. When orchiectomized Sprague Dawley rats were administered with S42 for 3 wk, the muscle weight of the levator ani was increased as markedly as that induced by 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), but the weight of the prostate was not elevated at any doses in contrast to DHT. The plasma concentrations of gonadotropin and adiponectin, those down-regulated by DHT, were unaffected by S42. In addition, although the plasma triglyceride level was unaffected by DHT, it was significantly reduced by S42. This effect of S42 was associated with suppression of the SRBP-1c-mediated lipogenic and insulin-desensitizing pathway in the liver and visceral fat. Taken together, S42 works as an AR agonist in muscle and as an AR antagonist in the prostate, pituitary gland, and liver, accompanying beneficial potentials on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Min
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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11
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Zhang X, Lanter JC, Sui Z. Recent advances in the development of selective androgen receptor modulators. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:1239-58. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770902994397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Jones A, Coss CC, Narayanan R, He Y, Hwang DJ, Dalton JT, Miller DD. Nonsteroidal Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs): Dissociating the Anabolic and Androgenic Activities of the Androgen Receptor for Therapeutic Benefit. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3597-617. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900280m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Mohler
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Casey E. Bohl
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Amanda Jones
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Yali He
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Dong Jin Hwang
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - James T. Dalton
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Duane D. Miller
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Narayanan R, He Y, Hwang DJ, Dalton JT, Miller DD. Nonsteroidal Tissue‐Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527623297.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Narayanan R, Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Miller DD, Dalton JT. Selective androgen receptor modulators in preclinical and clinical development. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2008; 6:e010. [PMID: 19079612 PMCID: PMC2602589 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the function of several organs including primary and accessory sexual organs, skeletal muscle, and bone, making it a desirable therapeutic target. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) bind to the AR and demonstrate osteo- and myo-anabolic activity; however, unlike testosterone and other anabolic steroids, these nonsteroidal agents produce less of a growth effect on prostate and other secondary sexual organs. SARMs provide therapeutic opportunities in a variety of diseases, including muscle wasting associated with burns, cancer, or end-stage renal disease, osteoporosis, frailty, and hypogonadism. This review summarizes the current standing of research and development of SARMs, crystallography of AR with SARMs, plausible mechanisms for their action and the potential therapeutic indications for this emerging class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Narayanan
- Preclinical Research and Development, GTx, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Adrenal cortex. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:284-299. [PMID: 18438178 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283040e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Allan G, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lai MT, Haynes-Johnson D, Bhattacharjee S, Ng R, Sui Z, Lundeen S. A selective androgen receptor modulator with minimal prostate hypertrophic activity restores lean body mass in aged orchidectomized male rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 110:207-13. [PMID: 18502117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are required for the maintenance of normal sexual activity in adulthood and for enhancing muscle growth and lean body mass in adolescents and adults. Androgen receptor (AR) ligands with tissue selectivity (selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs) have potential for treating muscle wasting, hypogonadism of aging, osteoporosis, female sexual dysfunction, and other indications. JNJ-37654032 is a nonsteroidal AR ligand with mixed agonist and antagonist activity in androgen-responsive cell-based assays. It is an orally active SARM with muscle selectivity in orchidectomized rat models. It stimulated growth of the levator ani muscle with ED(50) 0.8 mg/kg, stimulating maximal growth at a dose of 3mg/kg. In contrast, it stimulated ventral prostate growth to 21% of its full size at 3mg/kg. At the same time, JNJ-37654032 reduced prostate weight in intact rats by 47% at 3mg/kg, while having no inhibitory effect on muscle. Using magnetic resonance imaging to monitor body composition, JNJ-37654032 restored about 20% of the lean body mass lost following orchidectomy in aged rats. JNJ-37654032 reduced follicle-stimulating hormone levels in orchidectomized rats and reduced testis size in intact rats. JNJ-37654032 is a potent prostate-sparing SARM with the potential for clinical benefit in muscle-wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Allan
- Reproductive Therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 1000 U.S. Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ, USA.
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Allan GF, Tannenbaum P, Sbriscia T, Linton O, Lai MT, Haynes-Johnson D, Bhattacharjee S, Zhang X, Sui Z, Lundeen SG. A selective androgen receptor modulator with minimal prostate hypertrophic activity enhances lean body mass in male rats and stimulates sexual behavior in female rats. Endocrine 2007; 32:41-51. [PMID: 17992601 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-9005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) ligands with tissue selectivity (selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs) have potential for treating muscle wasting, hypogonadism of aging, osteoporosis, female sexual dysfunction, and other indications. JNJ-28330835 is a nonsteroidal AR ligand with mixed agonist and antagonist activity in androgen-responsive cell-based assays. It is an orally active SARM with muscle selectivity in orchidectomized rat models. It stimulated growth of the levator ani muscle, stimulating maximal growth at a dose of 10 mg/kg. At the same time, JNJ-28330835 reduced prostate weight in intact rats by a mean of 30% at 10 mg/kg, while having no inhibitory effect on muscle. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor body composition, it prevented half of the loss of lean body mass associated with orchidectomy, and restored about 30% of lost lean mass to aged orchidectomized rats. It had agonist effects on markers of both osteoclast and osteoblast activity, suggesting that it reduces bone turnover. In a model of sexual behavior, JNJ-28330835 enhanced the preference of ovariectomized female rats for sexually intact male rats over nonsexual orchidectomized males. JNJ-28330835 is a prostate-sparing SARM with the potential for clinically beneficial effects in muscle-wasting diseases and sexual function disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F Allan
- Reproductive Therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., Raritan, NJ, 08869, USA.
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18
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Ng RA, Guan J, Alford VC, Lanter JC, Allan GF, Sbriscia T, Lundeen SG, Sui Z. 2-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole derivatives as potent androgen receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:955-8. [PMID: 17134895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vivo SAR of N-benzyl, N-aceto, and N-ethylene ether derivatives of 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5,6-dichloro-benzimidazole as novel androgen receptor antagonists are described. SAR studies led to the discovery of 4-bromo-benzyl benzimidazole 17 as a more potent androgen receptor antagonist in the rat prostate (ID(50)=0.13mg/day), compared with bicalutamide (ID(50)=0.23mg/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Ng
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Drug Discovery, 665 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA
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