Erratum to “Synthesis and evaluation of phenoxy acetic acid derivatives as anti-mycobacterial agents”

Two Alkaloids From Delphinium brunonianum Royle, Their Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Stress Activity via NF-κB Signaling Pathway

In this study, we isolated and identified four compounds in Delphinium brunonianum Royle, and they were Delbrunine (1), 4-O-α-D-Glucosyl benzoic acid (2), Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) and Eldeline (4). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was screened in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 2 and 3 were weak, and 1, 4 had good anti-inflammatory activity. The macrophage inflammation model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by ELISA kits, qRT-PCR experiment and western blot experiment. And the anti-oxidative stress activity was assessed by flow cytometry. The results showed that compounds 1, 4 could significantly inhibit the elevation of inflammatory factors nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and also had obvious inhibitory effects on the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). In addition, compounds 1 and 4 could effectively inhibit the overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW264.7 cells that activated by LPS. These results indicated that compounds 1 and 4 may exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Synthesis, 3D-QSAR and Molecular Docking Study of Nopol-Based 1,2,4-Triazole-Thioether Compounds as Potential Antifungal Agents

Cytochrome bc 1 complex is an important component of cellular respiratory chain, and it is also an important target enzyme to inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. Using cytochrome bc 1 complex as the target enzyme, twenty-three novel nopol-based 1,2,4-triazole-thioether compounds were designed and synthesized from natural preponderant resource β-pinene, and their structures were confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. The in vitro antifungal activity of the target compounds 5a-5w was preliminarily evaluated against eight plant pathogens at the concentration of 50 µg/ml. The bioassay results showed that the target compounds exhibited the best antifungal activity against Physalospora piricola, in which compounds 5b (R= o-CH3 Ph), 5e (R= o-OCH3 Ph), 5h (R= o-F Ph), 5m (R= o-Br Ph), 5o (R= m,m-OCH3 Ph), and 5r (R= p-OH Ph) had inhibition rates of 91.4, 83.3, 86.7, 83.8, 91.4 and 87.3%, respectively, much better than that of the positive control chlorothalonil. Also, compound 5a (R= Ph) had inhibition rate of 87.9% against Rhizoeotnia solani, and compound 5b (R= o-CH3 Ph) had inhibition rates of 87.6 and 89% against Bipolaris maydis and Colleterichum orbicala, respectively. In order to develop novel and promising antifungal compounds against P. piricola, the analysis of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) was carried out using the CoMFA method on the basis of their antifungal activity data, and a reasonable and effective 3D-QSAR model (r 2 = 0.944, q 2 = 0.685) has been established. In addition, the theoretical study of molecular docking revealed that the target compounds could bind to and interact with the site of cytochrome bc 1 complex.