1
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Pyrazines with terminal donor groups for third-order nonlinear optics: effect of graphene oxide on nonlinear absorption. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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Lall MS, Bassyouni A, Bradow J, Brown M, Bundesmann M, Chen J, Ciszewski G, Hagen AE, Hyek D, Jenkinson S, Liu B, Obach RS, Pan S, Reilly U, Sach N, Smaltz DJ, Spracklin DK, Starr J, Wagenaar M, Walker GS. Late-Stage Lead Diversification Coupled with Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Identify New Structure–Activity Relationship Vectors at Nanomole-Scale Synthesis: Application to Loratadine, a Human Histamine H1 Receptor Inverse Agonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7268-7292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder S. Lall
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Asser Bassyouni
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Bradow
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Maria Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Bundesmann
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jinshan Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory Ciszewski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne E. Hagen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dennis Hyek
- Spectrix Analytical Services, LLC, 410 Sackett Point Road, Bldg 20, North Haven, Connecticut 06473, United States
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Spectrix Analytical Services, LLC, 410 Sackett Point Road, Bldg 20, North Haven, Connecticut 06473, United States
| | - R. Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Senliang Pan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Usa Reilly
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Neal Sach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel J. Smaltz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas K. Spracklin
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeremy Starr
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Melissa Wagenaar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory S. Walker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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3
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Razmara Z, Poorsargol M. Ultrasonic‐assisted synthesis of supramolecular copper (II) complex a precursor for the preparation of octahedron Cu
2
O nanoparticles applicable in the adsorption and photodegradation of Rhodamine B. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Razmara
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zabol P.O. Box 98613‐35856 Zabol Iran
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4
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Khafizova LO, Shaibakova MG, Dzhemilev UM. A New One-Pot Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrazines by the Ti-Catalyzed Reaction of Aromatic and Benzyl-Substituted Nitriles with EtAlCl 2. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila O. Khafizova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis; Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya 450075 Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Mariya G. Shaibakova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis; Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya 450075 Ufa Russian Federation
| | - Usein M. Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis; Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya 450075 Ufa Russian Federation
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5
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Tran SB, Maxwell BD, Burrell R, Bonacorsi SJ. The syntheses of isotopically labelled CB-1 antagonists for the treatment of obesity. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:665-672. [PMID: 27624665 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BMS-725519, BMS-811064, and BMS-812204 are potent and selective central cannabinoid receptor antagonists that have been investigated for the treatment of human obesity. To further understand their biotransformation profiles, radiolabelled and stable-labelled products were required. This paper describes the utility of [14 C]1,1-carbonyldiimidazole as a radiolabelling reagent for the syntheses of carbonyl-labelled [14 C]BMS-725519, [14 C]BMS-811064, and [14 C]BMS-812204. The syntheses of stable-labelled [13 C6 ]BMS-725519 and [13 CD313 CD2 ]BMS-812204 synthesized from of [13 C6 ]4-chloroacetophenone and [13 CD313 CD2 ]iodoethane, respectively, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Tran
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms - Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Brad D Maxwell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms - Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Richard Burrell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms - Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, P.O. Box 5100, Wallingford, CT, 06492, USA
| | - Samuel J Bonacorsi
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms - Radiochemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
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6
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Chylewska A, Sikorski A, Ogryzek M, Makowski M. Attractive S⋯π and π-π interactions in the pyrazine-2-thiocarboxamide structure: Experimental and computational studies in the context of crystal engineering and microbiological properties. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Sharma MK, Murumkar PR, Kuang G, Tang Y, Yadav MR. Identifying the structural features and diversifying the chemical domain of peripherally acting CB1 receptor antagonists using molecular modeling techniques. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A four featured pharmacophore and predictive 3D-QSAR models were developed which were used for virtual screening of the Asinex database to get chemically diverse hits of peripherally active CB1 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guanglin Kuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai–200237
- China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai–200237
- China
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- The M. S. University of Baroda
- Vadodara–390 001
- India
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8
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Chylewska A, Ogryzek M, Głębocka A, Sikorski A, Turecka K, Raczyńska ED, Makowski M. Crystalline pyrazine-2-amidoxime isolated by diffusion method and its structural and behavioral analysis in the context of crystal engineering and microbiological activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10537h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical characterizations of PAOX were obtained both in solid-state and solution, and its two anti-conformers were observed in the X-ray. Its antimicrobial properties were tested against reference strains of bacteria and yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Artur Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdansk
- 80-308 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine
- 80-416 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Ewa. D. Raczyńska
- Department of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences
- 02-776 Warszawa
- Poland
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9
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Petrosyan A, Ehlers P, Reimann S, Ghochikyan TV, Saghyan AS, Spannenberg A, Lochbrunner S, Langer P. Synthesis of tetraaryl- and tetraalkenylpyrazines by Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of tetrachloropyrazine. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Prospective therapeutic agents for obesity: Molecular modification approaches of centrally and peripherally acting selective cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:298-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Nikishkin NI, Huskens J, Verboom W. Transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrazines. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3583-602. [PMID: 23632914 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed reactions are generally used for carbon-carbon bond formation on pyrazines and include, but are not limited to, classical palladium-catalyzed reactions like Sonogashira, Heck, Suzuki, and Stille reactions. Also a few examples of carbon-heteroatom bond formation in pyrazines are known. This perspective reviews recent progress in the field of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions on pyrazine systems. It deals with the most important C-C- and C-X-bond formation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai I Nikishkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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12
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Ellsworth BA, Sher PM, Wu X, Wu G, Sulsky RB, Gu Z, Murugesan N, Zhu Y, Yu G, Sitkoff DF, Carlson KE, Kang L, Yang Y, Lee N, Baska RA, Keim WJ, Cullen MJ, Azzara AV, Zuvich E, Thomas MA, Rohrbach KW, Devenny JJ, Godonis HE, Harvey SJ, Murphy BJ, Everlof GG, Stetsko PI, Gudmundsson O, Johnghar S, Ranasinghe A, Behnia K, Pelleymounter MA, Ewing WR. Reductions in log P Improved Protein Binding and Clearance Predictions Enabling the Prospective Design of Cannabinoid Receptor (CB1) Antagonists with Desired Pharmacokinetic Properties. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9586-600. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4010835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Ellsworth
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Philip M. Sher
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Ximao Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Gang Wu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Richard B. Sulsky
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Zhengxiang Gu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Natesan Murugesan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Yeheng Zhu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Guixue Yu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Doree F. Sitkoff
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Kenneth E. Carlson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Liya Kang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Yifan Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Ning Lee
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Rose A. Baska
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - William J. Keim
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Mary Jane Cullen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Anthony V. Azzara
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Eva Zuvich
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Michael A. Thomas
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Rohrbach
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - James J. Devenny
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Helen E. Godonis
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Susan J. Harvey
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Brian J. Murphy
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Gerry G. Everlof
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Paul I. Stetsko
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Olafur Gudmundsson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Susan Johnghar
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Asoka Ranasinghe
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Kamelia Behnia
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Mary Ann Pelleymounter
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - William R. Ewing
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
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13
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Fatima Z, Srinivasan T, Koorathota S, Thennarasu S, Velmurugan D. N-tert-Butyl-2-(2,6-di-chloro-phen-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-amine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o949-o950. [PMID: 23795110 PMCID: PMC3685091 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813013640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the title compound, C16H16Cl2N4, the imidazole ring mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 70.01 (1)° with the phenyl ring. The Cl atoms deviate by -0.0472 (6) and 0.0245 (8) Å from the plane of their attached benzene ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via pairs of C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Fatima
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Thothadri Srinivasan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Suman Koorathota
- Organic Chemistry Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Sathiah Thennarasu
- Organic Chemistry Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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14
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Srinivasan T, Kalpana V, Rajakumar P, Velmurugan D. Methyl 3,5-bis[(3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)oxy]benzoate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o777. [PMID: 23723921 PMCID: PMC3648301 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813010465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C16H10Cl2N4O4, the pyrazine rings make dihedral angles of 67.82 (9) and 75.91 (9)° with the benzene ring, while the dihedral angle between the pyrazine rings is 44.69 (10)°. The methoxycarbonyl group makes a dihedral angle of 16.82 (8)° with the benzene ring to which it is attached. In the crystal, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules, forming chains running along the ab plane.
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15
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Srinivasan T, Kalpana V, Rajakumar P, Velmurugan D. 1,3-Bis[(3-chloro-pyrazin-2-yl)-oxy]benzene. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o815. [PMID: 23723951 PMCID: PMC3648331 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681301129x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H8Cl2N4O2, contains one half-mol-ecule, the complete mol-ecule being generated by the operation of a twofold rotation axis. The Cl atom deviates significantly from the plane of the pyrazine ring [0.0215 (4) Å]. The central benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 72.82 (7)° with the plane of the pyrazine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thothadri Srinivasan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Venkatesan Kalpana
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Perumal Rajakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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16
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Srinivasan T, Kalpana V, Rajakumar P, Velmurugan D. 8,15-Dioxa-10,13-di-aza-tetra-cyclo-[14.4.0.0(2,7).0(9,14)]icosa-1(16),2,4,6,9(14),10,12,17,19-nona-ene. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o813-4. [PMID: 23723950 PMCID: PMC3648330 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813011318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C16H10N2O2, contains one half-molecule, the complete molecule being generated by twofold rotation symmetry. The plane of the pyrazine ring forms a dihedral angle of 64.87 (6)° with that of the benzene ring, and the planes of the two benzene rings are inclined to one another by 54.20 (6)°. The O atom deviates from the plane of the benzene ring by 0.1549 (8) Å. There are no significant intermolecular interactions in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thothadri Srinivasan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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17
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Srinivasan T, Kalpana V, Rajakumar P, Velmurugan D. 1,4-Bis(3-chloropyrazin-2-yloxy)benzene. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o611. [PMID: 23634136 PMCID: PMC3629649 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813007824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H8Cl2N4O2, the pyrazine rings are orthogonal to the benzene ring, making dihedral angles of 88.42 (8) and 89.22 (8)°. The Cl atoms attached to the pyrazine rings deviate by −0.0597 (5) and 0.0009 (5) Å from the ring plane. The crystal structure features C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
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18
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Fatima Z, Srinivasan T, Koorathota S, Thennarasu S, Velmurugan D. N-tert-Butyl-2-[4-(dimethyl-amino)-phen-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-amine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o612-3. [PMID: 23634137 PMCID: PMC3629650 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813007861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the title compound, C18H23N5, the imidazole ring makes a dihedral angles of 3.96 (8) and 19.02 (8)°, respectively, with the pyrazine and benzene rings while the dihedral angle between the pyrazine and benzene rings is 16.96 (7)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [010]. These chains are linked by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming two-dimensional networks lying parallel to (001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Fatima
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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19
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In silico investigation of interactions between human cannabinoid receptor-1 and its antagonists. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3831-45. [PMID: 22402754 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB(1)) is widely expressed in the central nervous system and plays a vital role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure. CB(1) antagonists such as Rimonabant have been used in clinic to inhibit food intake, and therefore reduce body weight in obese animals and humans. To investigate the binding modes of CB(1) antagonists to the receptor, both receptor- and ligand-based methods were implemented in this study. At first, a pharmacophore model was generated based on 31 diverse CB(1) antagonists collected from literature. A test set validation and a simulated virtual screening evaluation were then performed to verify the reliability and discriminating ability of the pharmacophore. Meanwhile, the homology model of CB(1) receptor was constructed based on the crystal structure of human β (2) adrenergic receptor (β (2)-AR). Several classical antagonists were then docked into the optimized homology model with induced fit docking method. A hydrogen bond between the antagonists and Lys192 on the third transmembrane helix of the receptor was formed in the docking study, which has proven to be critical for receptor-ligand interaction by biological experiments. The structure obtained from induced fit docking was then confirmed to be a reliable model for molecular docking from the result of the simulated virtual screening. The consistency between the pharmacophore and the homology structure further proved the previous observation. The built receptor structure and antagonists' pharmacophore should be useful for the understanding of inhibitory mechanism and development of novel CB(1) antagonists.
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Letourneau JJ, Jokiel P, Olson J, Riviello CM, Ho KK, McAleer L, Yang J, Swanson RN, Baker J, Cowley P, Edwards D, Ward N, Ohlmeyer MH, Webb ML. Identification and hit-to-lead optimization of a novel class of CB1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5449-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xing ZY, Yu DC, Li LJ, Liu HY, Zhang JF. N′-[1-(4-Aminophenyl)ethyl]pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o544. [PMID: 21580315 PMCID: PMC2983521 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810004083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C13H13N5O, crystallizes with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dihedral angles between the pyrazine ring and the 4-aminolphenyl ring are 2.5 (1) and 6.5 (1)° in the two molecules.
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22
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Senger S. Using Tversky similarity searches for core hopping: finding the needles in the haystack. J Chem Inf Model 2009; 49:1514-24. [PMID: 19453147 DOI: 10.1021/ci900092y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of Daylight fingerprints and the Tversky coefficient is a powerful method for performing core hopping, that is, scaffold (or lead) hopping where the main structural difference between the query and bioactive target molecule is located in the central core of the molecular structure. However, a major disadvantage of this approach is the fact that a large number of false positives (in the context of core hopping) are retrieved. The tool we have developed and which is described here can be used to postprocess the hits from Daylight Tversky similarity searches by fragmenting the molecules and subsequently annotating them in a way that assists the users in removing false positives and enables them to better focus on molecules of interest. To validate our approach, we have selected four biological targets for which scaffold hopping examples have been reported. We present results from searches in databases containing published activity data and the subsequent analysis of the hits aimed at establishing the potential of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Senger
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.
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23
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Lange JHM, Kruse CG. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists in therapeutic and structural perspectives. CHEM REC 2008; 8:156-68. [PMID: 18563799 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The observed antiobesity effect of rimonabant (1) in a pharmacological rodent model 10 years ago has led to a surge in the search for novel cannabinoid CB1 antagonists as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. Rimonabant showed clinical efficacy in the treatment of obesity and also improved cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists have also good prospects in other therapeutic areas, including smoking and alcohol addiction as well as cognitive impairment. Solvay's research achievements in this fast-moving field are reported in relation with the current state of the art. Several medicinal chemistry strategies have been pursued. The application of the concept of conformational constraint led to the discovery of more rigid analogs of the prototypic CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant. Replacement of the central heterocyclic pyrazole ring in rimonabant yielded imidazoles, triazoles, and thiazoles as selective CB1 receptor antagonists. Dedicated medium-throughput screening efforts delivered one 3,4-diarylpyrazoline hit. Its poor pharmacokinetic properties were successfully optimized which led to the discovery of orally active and highly CB1/CB2 receptor selective analogs in this series. Regioisomeric 1,5-diarylpyrazolines, 1,2-diarylimidazolines, and water-soluble imidazoles have been designed as novel CB1 receptor antagonist structure classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos H M Lange
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands.
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Wustrow DJ, Maynard GD, Yuan J, Zhao H, Mao J, Guo Q, Kershaw M, Hammer J, Brodbeck RM, Near KE, Zhou D, Beers DS, Chenard BL, Krause JE, Hutchison AJ. Aminopyrazine CB1 receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3376-81. [PMID: 18448340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5,6-diaryl-2-amino-pyrazines were prepared and found to have antagonist-like properties at the CB1 receptor. Subsequent SAR studies optimized both receptor potency and drug-like properties including solubility and Cytochrome-P450 inhibition potential. Optimized compounds were demonstrated to be inverse agonists and compared in vivo with rimonabant for their ability to inhibit food intake, to occupy central CB1 receptors and to influence hormonal markers associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wustrow
- Neurogen Corporation, 35 Northeast Industrial Road, Branford CT 06405, USA.
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Ślusarczyk M, De Borggraeve WM, Hoornaert G, Deroose F, Linders JTM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Methylene-Bridged Analogs of the Potent Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist Rimonabant. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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