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Liang H, Du J, Elhassan RM, Hou X, Fang H. Recent progress in development of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:61-76. [PMID: 33183110 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1850693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is a part of the CDK-activating kinase family (CAK) which has a key role in the cell cycle and transcriptional regulation. Several lines of evidence suggest that CDK7 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer. CDK7 selective inhibitors such as SY-5609 and CT7001 are in clinical development. Areas covered: We explore the biology of CDK7 and its role in cancer and follow this with an evaluation of the preclinical and clinical progress of CDK7 inhibitors, and their potential in the clinic. We searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials to identify relevant data from the database inception to 14 October 2020. Expert opinion: CDK7 inhibitors are next generation therapeutics for cancer. However, there are still challenges which include selectively, side effects, and drug resistance. Nevertheless, with ongoing clinical development of these inhibitors and greater analysis of their target, CDK7 inhibitors will become a promising approach for treatment of cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jintong Du
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University , Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Reham M Elhassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China
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Mustière R, Vanelle P, Primas N. Plasmodial Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Malaria: Recent Developments. Molecules 2020; 25:E5949. [PMID: 33334080 PMCID: PMC7765515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in reducing malaria cases and ensuing deaths is threatened by factors like mutations that induce resistance to artemisinin derivatives. Multiple drugs are currently in clinical trials for malaria treatment, including some with novel mechanisms of action. One of these, MMV390048, is a plasmodial kinase inhibitor. This review lists the recently developed molecules which target plasmodial kinases. A systematic review of the literature was performed using CAPLUS and MEDLINE databases from 2005 to 2020. It covers a total of 60 articles and describes about one hundred compounds targeting 22 plasmodial kinases. This work highlights the strong potential of compounds targeting plasmodial kinases for future drug therapies. However, the majority of the Plasmodium kinome remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France;
| | - Nicolas Primas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France;
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Moolman C, van der Sluis R, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. An Update on Development of Small-Molecule Plasmodial Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:E5182. [PMID: 33171706 PMCID: PMC7664427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria control relies heavily on the small number of existing antimalarial drugs. However, recurring antimalarial drug resistance necessitates the continual generation of new antimalarial drugs with novel modes of action. In order to shift the focus from only controlling this disease towards elimination and eradication, next-generation antimalarial agents need to address the gaps in the malaria drug arsenal. This includes developing drugs for chemoprotection, treating severe malaria and blocking transmission. Plasmodial kinases are promising targets for next-generation antimalarial drug development as they mediate critical cellular processes and some are active across multiple stages of the parasite's life cycle. This review gives an update on the progress made thus far with regards to plasmodial kinase small-molecule inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantalle Moolman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (C.M.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Rencia van der Sluis
- Focus Area for Human Metabolomics, Biochemistry, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;
| | - Richard M. Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (C.M.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Lesetja J. Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (C.M.); (R.M.B.)
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4
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Abstract
Malaria is one of the most impacting public health problems in tropical and subtropical areas of the globe, with approximately 200 million cases worldwide annually. In the absence of an effective vaccine, rapid treatment is vital for effective malaria control. However, parasite resistance to currently available drugs underscores the urgent need for identifying new antimalarial therapies with new mechanisms of action. Among potential drug targets for developing new antimalarial candidates, protein kinases are attractive. These enzymes catalyze the phosphorylation of several proteins, thereby regulating a variety of cellular processes and playing crucial roles in the development of all stages of the malaria parasite life cycle. Moreover, the large phylogenetic distance between Plasmodium species and its human host is reflected in marked differences in structure and function of malaria protein kinases between the homologs of both species, indicating that selectivity can be attained. In this review, we describe the functions of the different types of Plasmodium kinases and highlight the main recent advances in the discovery of kinase inhibitors as potential new antimalarial drug candidates.
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Aneja B, Kumar B, Jairajpuri MA, Abid M. A structure guided drug-discovery approach towards identification of Plasmodium inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19673f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of inhibitors from natural, semisynthetic or synthetic sources against key targets ofPlasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Aneja
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Bhumika Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mohamad Aman Jairajpuri
- Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
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6
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Gao F, Liu H, Li L, Guo J, Wang Y, Zhao M, Peng S. Design, synthesis, and testing of an isoquinoline-3-carboxylic-based novel anti-tumor lead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4434-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Selective inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum glycogen synthase-3 (PfGSK-3): New antimalarial agents? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1644-9. [PMID: 25861860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum glycogen synthase kinase-3 (PfGSK-3) is one of the eukaryotic protein kinases that were identified as essential for the parasite causing malaria tropica. Although the physiological functions of PfGSK-3 are still unknown, it had been suggested as a putative target for novel antimalarial drugs. The high structural similarity of PfGSK-3 and its human orthologue HsGSK-3 makes the development of selective PfGSK-3 inhibitors a challenging task. Actually, established GSK-3 inhibitors are either unselective or are more potent for inhibition of the mammalian GSK-3. A high throughput screening campaign identified thieno[2,3-b]pyridines as a new class of PfGSK-3 inhibitors. Systematic variation of the substitution pattern at the parent scaffold led to compounds which selectively inhibited the plasmodial enzyme. These compounds also exhibited activity against erythrocyte stages of the parasites. A hypothetical explanation for the selectivity of the new antimalarial compounds was enunciated based on the results of docking a selective inhibitor into a PfGSK-3 homology model and by comparison of the results with an X-ray structure of HsGSK-3 co-crystallized with a similar but unselective compound. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Inhibitors of Protein Kinases.
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Houzé S, Hoang NT, Lozach O, Le Bras J, Meijer L, Galons H, Demange L. Several human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, structurally related to roscovitine, are new anti-malarial agents. Molecules 2014; 19:15237-57. [PMID: 25251193 PMCID: PMC6271241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190915237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Africa, malaria kills one child each minute. It is also responsible for about one million deaths worldwide each year. Plasmodium falciparum, is the protozoan responsible for the most lethal form of the disease, with resistance developing against the available anti-malarial drugs. Among newly proposed anti-malaria targets, are the P. falciparum cyclin-dependent kinases (PfCDKs). There are involved in different stages of the protozoan growth and development but share high sequence homology with human cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). We previously reported the synthesis of CDKs inhibitors that are structurally-related to (R)-roscovitine, a 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine, and they showed activity against neuronal diseases and cancers. In this report, we describe the synthesis and the characterization of new CDK inhibitors, active in reducing the in vitro growth of P. falciparum (3D7 and 7G8 strains). Six compounds are more potent inhibitors than roscovitine, and three exhibited IC50 values close to 1 µM for both 3D7 and 7G8 strains. Although, such molecules do inhibit P. falciparum growth, they require further studies to improve their selectivity for PfCDKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Houzé
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, CNR du Paludisme, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat & UMR 216 IRD, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris 75006, France.
| | - Nha-Thu Hoang
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75270, France.
| | - Olivier Lozach
- Protein Phosphorylation and Human Diseases Group, CNRS, USR 3151, Station biologique, Roscoff 29680, France.
| | - Jacques Le Bras
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, CNR du Paludisme, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat & UMR 216 IRD, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris 75006, France.
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Protein Phosphorylation and Human Diseases Group, CNRS, USR 3151, Station biologique, Roscoff 29680, France.
| | - Hervé Galons
- ManRos Therapeutics, Hôtel de Recherche, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff 29680, France.
| | - Luc Demange
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75270, France.
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Fugel W, Oberholzer AE, Gschloessl B, Dzikowski R, Pressburger N, Preu L, Pearl LH, Baratte B, Ratin M, Okun I, Doerig C, Kruggel S, Lemcke T, Meijer L, Kunick C. 3,6-Diamino-4-(2-halophenyl)-2-benzoylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles are selective inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum glycogen synthase kinase-3. J Med Chem 2013; 56:264-75. [PMID: 23214499 DOI: 10.1021/jm301575n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum is the infective agent responsible for malaria tropica. The glycogen synthase kinase-3 of the parasite (PfGSK-3) was suggested as a potential biological target for novel antimalarial drugs. Starting from hit structures identified in a high-throughput screening campaign, 3,6-diamino-4-(2-halophenyl)-2-benzoylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles were discovered as a new class of PfGSK-3 inhibitors. Being less active on GSK-3 homologues of other species, the title compounds showed selectivity in favor of PfGSK-3. Taking into account the X-ray structure of a related molecule in complex with human GSK-3 (HsGSK-3), a model was computed for the comparison of inhibitor complexes with the plasmodial and human enzymes. It was found that subtle differences in the ATP-binding pockets are responsible for the observed PfGSK-3 vs HsGSK-3 selectivity. Representatives of the title compound class exhibited micromolar IC₅₀ values against P. falciparum erythrocyte stage parasites. These results suggest that inhibitors of PfGSK-3 could be developed as potential antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Fugel
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Abstract
Malaria, the disease caused by infection with protozoan parasites from the genus Plasmodium, claims the lives of nearly 1 million people annually. Developing nations, particularly in the African Region, bear the brunt of this malaria burden. Alarmingly, the most dangerous etiologic agent of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, is becoming increasingly resistant to current first-line antimalarials. In light of the widespread devastation caused by malaria, the emergence of drug-resistant P. falciparum strains, and the projected decrease in funding for malaria eradication that may occur over the next decade, the identification of promising new targets for antimalarial drug design is imperative. P. falciparum kinases have been proposed as ideal drug targets for antimalarial drug design because they mediate critical cellular processes within the parasite and are, in many cases, structurally and mechanistically divergent when compared with kinases from humans. Identifying a molecule capable of inhibiting the activity of a target enzyme is generally an arduous and expensive process that can be greatly aided by utilizing in silico drug design techniques. Such methods have been extensively applied to human kinases, but as yet have not been fully exploited for the exploration and characterization of antimalarial kinase targets. This review focuses on in silico methods that have been used for the evaluation of potential antimalarials and the Plasmodium kinases that could be explored using these techniques.
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A class of novel N-isoquinoline-3-carbonyl-l-amino acid benzylesters: Synthesis, anti-tumor evaluation and 3D QSAR analysis. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1672-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Caridha D, Kathcart AK, Jirage D, Waters NC. Activity of substituted thiophene sulfonamides against malarial and mammalian cyclin dependent protein kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3863-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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The malarial CDK Pfmrk and its effector PfMAT1 phosphorylate DNA replication proteins and co-localize in the nucleus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2010; 172:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lowell JE, Earl CD. Leveraging biotech's drug discovery expertise for neglected diseases. Nat Biotechnol 2009; 27:323-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt0409-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Geyer JA, Keenan SM, Woodard CL, Thompson PA, Gerena L, Nichols DA, Gutteridge CE, Waters NC. Selective inhibition of Pfmrk, a Plasmodium falciparum CDK, by antimalarial 1,3-diaryl-2-propenones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1982-5. [PMID: 19250824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin dependent protein kinases, Pfmrk and PfPK5, most likely play an essential role in cell cycle control and differentiation in Plasmodium falciparum and are thus an attractive target for antimalarial drug development. Various 1,3-diaryl-2-propenones (chalcone derivatives) which selectivity inhibit Pfmrk in the low micromolar range (over PfPK5) are identified. Molecular modeling shows a pair of amino acid residues within the Pfmrk active site which appear to confer this selectivity. Predicted interactions between the chalcones and Pfmrk correlate well with observed potency. Pfmrk inhibition and activity against the parasite in vitro correlate weakly. Several mechanisms of action have been suggested for chalcone derivatives and our study suggests that kinase inhibition may be an additional mechanism of antimalarial activity for this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Geyer
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
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Leroy D, Doerig C. Drugging the Plasmodium kinome: the benefits of academia-industry synergy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2008; 29:241-9. [PMID: 18394721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major killer in many parts of the world. Recently, the development of nonprofit organisations aimed at fighting this deadly scourge incited academic and industrial scientists to merge their expertise in drug-target validation and lead discovery. Expectations are clear: identification and characterisation of new molecules showing high efficacy, low toxicity and little propensity to induce resistance in the parasite. In this context, protein kinase inhibitors represent an attractive possibility. Here, we compare traditional target-based drug-discovery approaches with innovative exploratory paths (parallel screening, cell-based assays, integrated systems biology and allosteric inhibition) and discuss the benefits of acadaemia-industry cooperation. Early characterisation of distribution, metabolism, pharmacokinetic (DMPK) and toxicology parameters are considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Leroy
- Merck-Serono International S.A., Geneva Research Center, 9, Chemin des Mines, Case postale 54, CH-1211 Genève 20, Switzerland.
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