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Abdallah DI, de Araujo ED, Patel NH, Hasan LS, Moriggl R, Krämer OH, Gunning PT. Medicinal chemistry advances in targeting class I histone deacetylases. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:757-779. [PMID: 37711592 PMCID: PMC10497394 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a class of zinc (Zn)-dependent metalloenzymes that are responsible for epigenetic modifications. HDACs are largely associated with histone proteins that regulate gene expression at the DNA level. This tight regulation is controlled by acetylation [via histone acetyl transferases (HATs)] and deacetylation (via HDACs) of histone and non-histone proteins that alter the coiling state of DNA, thus impacting gene expression as a downstream effect. For the last two decades, HDACs have been studied extensively and indicated in a range of diseases where HDAC dysregulation has been strongly correlated with disease emergence and progression-most prominently, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, HIV, and inflammatory diseases. The involvement of HDACs as regulators in these biochemical pathways established them as an attractive therapeutic target. This review summarizes the drug development efforts exerted to create HDAC inhibitors (HDACis), specifically class I HDACs, with a focus on the medicinal chemistry, structural design, and pharmacology aspects of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaaeldin I. Abdallah
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2E8, Canada
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Naman H. Patel
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Lina S. Hasan
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver H. Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2E8, Canada
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2
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Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in learning and memory, and their dysregulation has been linked to cognitive impairment in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on HDAC1 and HDAC2, highlighting recent progress on their roles in regulating brain function through distinct mechanisms, including gene repression and DNA repair pathways. Moreover, we discuss evidence demonstrating how HDAC1 and HDAC2 could be modulated and their potential as targets to combat memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Clauß O, Schäker-Hübner L, Wenzel B, Toussaint M, Deuther-Conrad W, Gündel D, Teodoro R, Dukić-Stefanović S, Ludwig FA, Kopka K, Brust P, Hansen FK, Scheunemann M. Development and Biological Evaluation of the First Highly Potent and Specific Benzamide-Based Radiotracer [ 18F]BA3 for Imaging of Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 in Brain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030324. [PMID: 35337122 PMCID: PMC8950173 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The degree of acetylation of lysine residues on histones influences the accessibility of DNA and, furthermore, the gene expression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are overexpressed in various tumour diseases, resulting in the interest in HDAC inhibitors for cancer therapy. The aim of this work is the development of a novel 18F-labelled HDAC1/2-specific inhibitor with a benzamide-based zinc-binding group to visualize these enzymes in brain tumours by positron emission tomography (PET). BA3, exhibiting high inhibitory potency for HDAC1 (IC50 = 4.8 nM) and HDAC2 (IC50 = 39.9 nM), and specificity towards HDAC3 and HDAC6 (specificity ratios >230 and >2080, respectively), was selected for radiofluorination. The two-step one-pot radiosynthesis of [18F]BA3 was performed in a TRACERlab FX2 N radiosynthesizer by a nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction. The automated radiosynthesis of [18F]BA3 resulted in a radiochemical yield of 1%, a radiochemical purity of >96% and a molar activity between 21 and 51 GBq/µmol (n = 5, EOS). For the characterization of BA3, in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out. The results of these pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies indicate a suitable inhibitory potency of BA3, whereas the applicability for non-invasive imaging of HDAC1/2 by PET requires further optimization of the properties of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Clauß
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Linda Schäker-Hübner
- Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (L.S.-H.); (F.K.H.)
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Daniel Gündel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Friedrich-Alexander Ludwig
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (L.S.-H.); (F.K.H.)
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (B.W.); (M.T.); (W.D.-C.); (D.G.); (R.T.); (S.D.-S.); (F.-A.L.); (K.K.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (M.S.)
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4
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Cao F, Xiao Z, Chen S, Zhao C, Chen D, Haisma HJ, Dekker FJ. HDAC/MIF dual inhibitor inhibits NSCLC cell survival and proliferation by blocking the AKT pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105396. [PMID: 34649152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is one of the most common forms of lung cancer, and a leading cause of cancer death among human beings. There is an urgent demand for novel therapeutics for the treatment of NSCLC to enhance the efficacy of the currently applied Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy and to overcome therapy-resistance. Here, we report a novel small-molecule inhibitor that simultaneously targets histone deacetylase (HDAC) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The HDAC/MIF dual inhibitor proved to be toxic for EGFR mutated (H1650, TKI-resistant) or knock out (A549 EGFR-/-) NSCLC cell lines. Further experiments showed that HDAC inhibition inhibits cell survival and proliferation, while MIF inhibition downregulates pAKT or AKT expression level, which both interfere with cell survival. Furthermore, the combination treatment of TKI and HDAC/MIF dual inhibitor showed that the dual inhibitor enhanced TKI inhibitory efficacy, highlighting the advantages of HDAC/MIF dual inhibitor for more effective treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Cao
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhangping Xiao
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Siwei Chen
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chunlong Zhao
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Deng Chen
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hidde J Haisma
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
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5
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Skwarska A, Calder EDD, Sneddon D, Bolland H, Odyniec ML, Mistry IN, Martin J, Folkes LK, Conway SJ, Hammond EM. Development and pre-clinical testing of a novel hypoxia-activated KDAC inhibitor. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1258-1270.e13. [PMID: 33910023 PMCID: PMC8460716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated with therapy resistance and poor patient prognosis. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs, designed to selectively target hypoxic cells while sparing normal tissue, represent a promising treatment strategy. We report the pre-clinical efficacy of 1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole panobinostat (NI-Pano, CH-03), a novel bioreductive version of the clinically used lysine deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat. NI-Pano was stable in normoxic (21% O2) conditions and underwent NADPH-CYP-mediated enzymatic bioreduction to release panobinostat in hypoxia (<0.1% O2). Treatment of cells grown in both 2D and 3D with NI-Pano increased acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9, induced apoptosis, and decreased clonogenic survival. Importantly, NI-Pano exhibited growth delay effects as a single agent in tumor xenografts. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed the presence of sub-micromolar concentrations of panobinostat in hypoxic mouse xenografts, but not in circulating plasma or kidneys. Together, our pre-clinical results provide a strong mechanistic rationale for the clinical development of NI-Pano for selective targeting of hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skwarska
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ewen D D Calder
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Deborah Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Hannah Bolland
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Maria L Odyniec
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ishna N Mistry
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lisa K Folkes
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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6
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Zhang Y, Nalawansha DA, Herath KE, Andrade R, Pflum MKH. Differential profiles of HDAC1 substrates and associated proteins in breast cancer cells revealed by trapping. Mol Omics 2021; 17:544-553. [PMID: 33885658 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins, which regulate the acetylation state of proteins, are the targets of multiple clinical drugs for cancer treatment. Due to the heterogeneity of tumors, HDAC proteins play different roles in the progression of various cancer types. For example, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells are both triple negative breast cancer cells but belong to different subtypes that display different response to HDAC inhibitor drugs. To investigate the role of HDAC proteins in breast cancer, the substrate and associated proteins of HDAC1 in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and a normal breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A, were analyzed using substrate trapping mutants and proteomics-based mass spectrometry. All three cell lines demonstrated nonoverlapping substrate protein profiles. While both normal MCF10A and cancerous MDA-MB-468 cell lines contained similar HDAC1 associated proteins, including proteins associated with epigenetic and RNA processing mechanisms, the HDAC1 associated protein profile of MDA-MB-231 cells was devoid of expected epigenetic proteins. The variable associated protein profiles of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 suggest that HDAC1 plays distinct roles in breast cancer cell biology, which might affect cancer aggressiveness and HDAC inhibitor sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | | | - Kavinda E Herath
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Rafael Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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7
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Tapadar S, Fathi S, Wu B, Sun CQ, Raji I, Moore SG, Arnold RS, Gaul DA, Petros JA, Oyelere AK. Liver-Targeting Class I Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Potently Suppress Hepatocellular Tumor Growth as Standalone Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3095. [PMID: 33114147 PMCID: PMC7690782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in epigenetic regulation play critical roles in tumor development and progression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyl transferase (HAT) are functionally opposing epigenetic regulators, which control the expression status of tumor suppressor genes. Upregulation of HDAC activities, which results in silencing of tumor suppressor genes and uncontrolled proliferation, predominates in malignant tumors. Inhibition of the deacetylase activity of HDACs is a clinically validated cancer therapy strategy. However, current HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have elicited limited therapeutic benefit against solid tumors. Here, we disclosed a class of HDACi that are selective for sub-class I HDACs and preferentially accumulate within the normal liver tissue and orthotopically implanted liver tumors. We observed that these compounds possess exquisite on-target effects evidenced by their induction of dose-dependent histone H4 hyperacetylation without perturbation of tubulin acetylation status and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Representative compounds 2 and 3a are relatively non-toxic to mice and robustly suppressed tumor growths in an orthotopic model of HCC as standalone agents. Collectively, our results suggest that these compounds may have therapeutic advantage against HCC relative to the current systemic HDACi. This prospect merits further comprehensive preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Tapadar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.T.); (S.F.); (B.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.M.)
- Sophia Bioscience, Inc. 311 Ferst Drive NW, Ste. L1325A, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Shaghayegh Fathi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.T.); (S.F.); (B.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Bocheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.T.); (S.F.); (B.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Carrie Q. Sun
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.Q.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Idris Raji
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.T.); (S.F.); (B.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.T.); (S.F.); (B.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Rebecca S. Arnold
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.Q.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - David A. Gaul
- Sophia Bioscience, Inc. 311 Ferst Drive NW, Ste. L1325A, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - John A. Petros
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.Q.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Adegboyega K. Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (S.T.); (S.F.); (B.W.); (I.R.); (S.G.M.)
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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8
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Smalley JP, Cowley SM, Hodgkinson JT. Bifunctional HDAC Therapeutics: One Drug to Rule Them All? Molecules 2020; 25:E4394. [PMID: 32987782 PMCID: PMC7583022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes play crucial roles in epigenetic gene expression and are an attractive therapeutic target. Five HDAC inhibitors have been approved for cancer treatment to date, however, clinical applications have been limited due to poor single-agent drug efficacy and side effects associated with a lack of HDAC isoform or complex selectivity. An emerging strategy aiming to address these limitations is the development of bifunctional HDAC therapeutics-single molecules comprising a HDAC inhibitor conjugated to another specificity targeting moiety. This review summarises the recent advancements in novel types of dual-targeting HDAC modulators, including proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), with a focus on HDAC isoform and complex selectivity, and the future potential of such bifunctional molecules in achieving enhanced drug efficacy and therapeutic benefits in treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Smalley
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, George Porter Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Shaun M. Cowley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK;
| | - James T. Hodgkinson
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, George Porter Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
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9
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of coumarin-based N-hydroxycinnamamide derivatives as novel histone deacetylase inhibitors with anticancer activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Kavianpour P, Gemmell MCM, Kahlert JU, Rendina LM. Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) Inhibitors Containing Boron. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2786-2791. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poya Kavianpour
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney The University of Sydney F11, Eastern Avenue Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Madeleine C. M. Gemmell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney The University of Sydney F11, Eastern Avenue Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Jan U. Kahlert
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney The University of Sydney F11, Eastern Avenue Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Louis M. Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney The University of Sydney F11, Eastern Avenue Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Camperdown NSW 2050 Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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11
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Zwinderman MRH, de Weerd S, Dekker FJ. Targeting HDAC Complexes in Asthma and COPD. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:19. [PMID: 34968229 PMCID: PMC8594684 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Around three million patients die due to airway inflammatory diseases each year. The most notable of these diseases are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, new therapies are urgently needed. Promising targets are histone deacetylases (HDACs), since they regulate posttranslational protein acetylation. Over a thousand proteins are reversibly acetylated, and acetylation critically influences aberrant intracellular signaling pathways in asthma and COPD. The diverse set of selective and non-selective HDAC inhibitors used in pre-clinical models of airway inflammation show promising results, but several challenges still need to be overcome. One such challenge is the design of HDAC inhibitors with unique selectivity profiles, such as selectivity towards specific HDAC complexes. Novel strategies to disrupt HDAC complexes should be developed to validate HDACs further as targets for new anti-inflammatory pulmonary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank J. Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (M.R.H.Z.) (S.d.W.)
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12
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Won HR, Lee DH, Yeon SK, Ryu HW, Kim GW, Kwon SH. HDAC6‑selective inhibitor synergistically enhances the anticancer activity of immunomodulatory drugs in multiple myeloma. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:499-512. [PMID: 31268156 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonselective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have therapeutic effects, but exhibit dose‑limiting toxicities in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The present study investigated the interaction between the HDAC6 inhibitor, A452, and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) on dexamethasone (Dex)‑sensitive and ‑resistant MM cells compared with the current clinically tested HDAC6 inhibitor, ACY‑1215. It was shown that the combination of the HDAC6‑selective inhibitor, A452, with either of the IMiDs tested (lenalidomide or pomalidomide) led to the synergistic inhibition of cell growth, a decrease in the viability of MM cells and in an increase in the levels of apoptosis. Furthermore, enhanced cell death was associated with the inactivation of AKT and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Of note, A452 in combination with IMiDs induced synergistic MM cytotoxicity without altering the expression of cereblon and thereby, the synergistic downregulation of IKAROS family zinc finger (IKZF)1/3, c‑Myc and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). Furthermore, combined treatment with A452 and IMiDs induced the synergistic upregulation of PD‑L1. More importantly, this combination treatment was effective in the Dex‑resistant MM cells. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that A452 is more effective as an anticancer agent than ACY‑1215. Taken together, these findings suggest that a combination of the HDAC6‑selective inhibitor, A452, and IMiDs may prove to be beneficial in the treatment of patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Won
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Keun Yeon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Woon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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13
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Inhibitory selectivity among class I HDACs has a major impact on inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:457-466. [PMID: 31181405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in cancer, degenerative diseases and inflammation. The currently applied HDAC inhibitors in the clinic lack selectivity among HDAC isoforms, which limits their application for novel indications such as inflammatory diseases. Recent, literature indicates that HDAC 3 plays an important role among class I HDACs in gene expression in inflammation. In this perspective, the development and understanding of inhibitory selectivity among HDACs 1, 2 and 3 and their respective influence on gene expression need to be characterized to facilitate drug discovery. Towards this aim, we synthesized nine structural analogues of the class I HDAC inhibitor Entinostat and investigated their selectivity profile among HDACs 1, 2 and 3. We found that we can explain the observed structure activity relationships by small structural and conformational differences between HDAC 1 and HDAC 3 in the 'lid' interacting region. Cell-based studies indicated, however, that application of inhibitors with improved HDAC 3 selectivity did not provide an anti-inflammatory response in contrast to expectations from biochemical evidence in literature. Altogether, in this study, we identified structure activity relationships among class I HDACs and we connected isoform selectivity among class I HDACs with pro- and anti-inflammatory gene transcription in macrophages.
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14
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Yang F, Zhao N, Ge D, Chen Y. Next-generation of selective histone deacetylase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19571-19583. [PMID: 35519364 PMCID: PMC9065321 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02985k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are clinically validated epigenetic drug targets for cancer treatment. HDACs inhibitors (HDACis) have been successfully applied against a series of cancers. First-generation inhibitors are mainly pan-HDACis that target multiple isoforms which might lead to serious side effects. At present, the next-generation HDACis are mainly focused on being class- or isoform-selective which can provide improved risk–benefit profiles compared to non-selective inhibitors. Because of the rapid development in next-generation HDACis, it is necessary to have an updated and state-of-the-art overview. Here, we summarize the strategies and achievements of the selective HDACis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are clinically validated epigenetic drug targets for cancer treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Di Ge
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
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15
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Zhao WN, Ghosh B, Tyler M, Lalonde J, Joseph NF, Kosaric N, Fass DM, Tsai LH, Mazitschek R, Haggarty SJ. Class I Histone Deacetylase Inhibition by Tianeptinaline Modulates Neuroplasticity and Enhances Memory. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2262-2273. [PMID: 29932631 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Through epigenetic and other regulatory functions, the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family of enzymes has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for central nervous system and other disorders. Here we report on the synthesis and functional characterization of new HDAC inhibitors based structurally on tianeptine, a drug used primarily to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) that has a poorly understood mechanism of action. Since the chemical structure of tianeptine resembles certain HDAC inhibitors, we profiled the in vitro HDAC inhibitory activity of tianeptine and demonstrated its ability to inhibit the lysine deacetylase activity of a subset of class I HDACs. Consistent with a model of active site Zn2+ chelation by the carboxylic acid present in tianeptine, newly synthesized analogues containing either a hydroxamic acid or ortho-aminoanilide exhibited increased potency and selectivity among the HDAC family. This in vitro potency translated to improved efficacy in a panel of high-content imaging assays designed to assess HDAC target engagement and functional effects on critical pathways involved in neuroplasticity in both primary mouse neurons and, for the first time, human neurons differentiated from pluripotent stem cells. Most notably, tianeptinaline, a class I HDAC-selective analogue of tianeptine, but not tianeptine itself, increased histone acetylation, and enhanced CREB-mediated transcription and the expression of Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein). Systemic in vivo administration of tianeptinaline to mice confirmed its brain penetration and was found to enhance contextual fear conditioning, a behavioral test of hippocampal-dependent memory. Tianeptinaline and its derivatives provide new pharmacological tools to dissect chromatin-mediated neuroplasticity underlying memory and other epigenetically related processes implicated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ning Zhao
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Marshall Tyler
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Nadine F. Joseph
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nina Kosaric
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Daniel M. Fass
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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16
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Lee DH, Won HR, Ryu HW, Han JM, Kwon SH. The HDAC6 inhibitor ACY‑1215 enhances the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:844-854. [PMID: 29749542 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ACY‑1215, also known as ricolinostat, is a leading histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor, which is currently being tested in clinical trials for hematological malignancies. Previous studies have reported that ACY‑1215 is not potent enough as a monotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), which generally requires combination therapy for successful treatment. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether the synergistic interaction detected between ACY‑1215 and anticancer agents in hematological cancers could occur in solid tumors. The results of the present study indicated that ACY‑1215 exerted a potent synergistic anti-proliferative effect when used in combination with anticancer agents in CRC cells. The combination of ACY‑1215 and oxaliplatin was more potent than either drug alone, as indicated by an increase in apoptotic cells and their effects on the apoptotic pathway; ACY‑1215 and oxaliplatin cotreatment activated caspase‑3 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase, increased B‑cell lymphoma (Bcl)‑2 homologous antagonist/killer expression, and decreased Bcl‑extra large protein, phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphorylated-protein kinase B expression. In addition, combined treatment of ACY‑1215 and anticancer agents induced synergistic upregulation of programmed death‑ligand 1. These findings suggested that a therapeutic strategy that combines ACY‑1215 and oxaliplatin warrants attention for the treatment of solid tumors, including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Won
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hirata Y, Sasaki T, Kanki H, Choong CJ, Nishiyama K, Kubo G, Hotei A, Taniguchi M, Mochizuki H, Uesato S. New 5-Aryl-Substituted 2-Aminobenzamide-Type HDAC Inhibitors with a Diketopiperazine Group and Their Ameliorating Effects on Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Cell Death. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1400. [PMID: 29362442 PMCID: PMC5780423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously synthesized new 5-thienyl-substituted 2-aminobenzamide-type HDAC1, 2 inhibitors with the (4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1-carboxamido) methyl group. K-560 (1a) protected against neuronal cell death in a Parkinson’s disease model by up-regulating the expression of XIAP. This finding prompted us to design new K-560-related compounds. We examined the structure activity relationship (SAR) for the neuronal protective effects of newly synthesized and known K-560 derivatives after cerebral ischemia. Among them, K-856 (8), containing the (4-methyl-2,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl) methyl group, exhibited a promising neuronal survival activity. The SAR study strongly suggested that the attachment of a monocyclic 2,3- or 2,5-diketopiperazine group to the 2-amino-5-aryl (but not 2-nitro-5-aryl) scaffold is necessary for K-560-related compounds to exert a potent neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hirata
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan.,Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Kanki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chi-Jing Choong
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Genki Kubo
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Ayana Hotei
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinichi Uesato
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan. .,Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.
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18
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The structural requirements of histone deacetylase inhibitors: C4-modified SAHA analogs display dual HDAC6/HDAC8 selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1790-1806. [PMID: 29150330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes govern the post-translational acetylation state of lysine residues on protein substrates, leading to regulatory changes in cell function. Due to their role in cancers, HDAC proteins have emerged as promising targets for cancer treatment. Four HDAC inhibitors have been approved as anti-cancer therapeutics, including SAHA (Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, Vorinostat, Zolinza). SAHA is a nonselective HDAC inhibitor that targets most of the eleven HDAC isoforms. The nonselectivity of SAHA might account for its clinical side effects, but certainly limits its use as a chemical tool to study cancer-related HDAC cell biology. Herein, the nonselective HDAC inhibitor SAHA was modified at the C4 position of the linker to explore activity and selectivity. Several C4-modified SAHA analogs exhibited dual HDAC6/8 selectivity. Interestingly, (R)-C4-benzyl SAHA displayed 520- to 1300-fold selectivity for HDAC6 and HDAC8 over HDAC1, 2, and 3, with IC50 values of 48 and 27 nM with HDAC6 and 8, respectively. In cellulo testing of the inhibitors was consistent with the observed in vitro selectivity. Docking studies provided a structural rationale for selectivity. The C4-SAHA analogs represent useful chemical tools to understand the role of HDAC6 and HDAC8 in cancer biology and exciting lead compounds for targeting of both HDAC6 and HDAC8 in various cancers.
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19
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Bourguet E, Ozdarska K, Moroy G, Jeanblanc J, Naassila M. Class I HDAC Inhibitors: Potential New Epigenetic Therapeutics for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). J Med Chem 2017; 61:1745-1766. [PMID: 28771357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a serious public health issue, and discovery of new therapies is a pressing necessity. Alcohol exposure has been widely demonstrated to modulate epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone acetylation/deacetylation balance, in part via histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. Epigenetic factors have been suggested to play a key role in AUD. To date, 18 different mammalian HDAC isoforms have been identified, and these have been divided into four classes. Since recent studies have suggested that both epigenetic mechanisms underlying AUD and the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) in different animal models of AUD may involve class I HDACs, we herein report the development of class I HDACIs, including information regarding their structure, potency, and selectivity. More effort is required to improve the selectivity, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity profiles of HDACIs to achieve a better understanding of their efficacy in reducing addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bourguet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312-CNRS, UFR Pharmacie , Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims Cedex , France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche-Champagne Ardenne Picardie Santé (SFR-CAP Santé) , 51095 Reims Cedex , France
| | - Katarzyna Ozdarska
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312-CNRS, UFR Pharmacie , Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims Cedex , France.,Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis , Medical University of Warsaw , S. Banacha 1 , 02-097 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Gautier Moroy
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico (MTi), INSERM UMR-S 973 , Université Paris Diderot , 35 rue Hélène Brion , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Jérôme Jeanblanc
- INSERM ERi 24, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP) , Université de Picardie Jules Verne, C.U.R.S. (Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé) , Chemin du Thil , 80000 Amiens , France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche-Champagne Ardenne Picardie Santé (SFR-CAP Santé) , 51095 Reims Cedex , France
| | - Mickaël Naassila
- INSERM ERi 24, Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances (GRAP) , Université de Picardie Jules Verne, C.U.R.S. (Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé) , Chemin du Thil , 80000 Amiens , France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche-Champagne Ardenne Picardie Santé (SFR-CAP Santé) , 51095 Reims Cedex , France
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20
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Design, synthesis and tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of 3-nitro-2 H -cheromene derivatives as histone deacetylaes inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Ryu HW, Shin DH, Lee DH, Choi J, Han G, Lee KY, Kwon SH. HDAC6 deacetylates p53 at lysines 381/382 and differentially coordinates p53-induced apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2017; 391:162-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Design, synthesis and anti-tumor activity study of novel histone deacetylase inhibitors containing isatin-based caps and o-phenylenediamine-based zinc binding groups. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2981-2994. [PMID: 28511906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a hot topic of epigenetic studies, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are related to lots of diseases, especially cancer. Further researches indicated that different HDAC isoforms played various roles in a wide range of tumor types. Herein a novel series of HDAC inhibitors with isatin-based caps and o-phenylenediamine-based zinc binding groups have been designed and synthesized through scaffold hopping strategy. Among these compounds, the most potent compound 9n exhibited similar if not better HDAC inhibition and antiproliferative activities against multiple tumor cell lines compared with the positive control entinostat (MS-275). Additionally, compared with MS-275 (IC50 values for HDAC1, 2 and 3 were 0.163, 0.396 and 0.605µM, respectively), compound 9n with IC50 values of 0.032, 0.256 and 0.311µM for HDAC1, 2 and 3 respectively, showed a moderate HDAC1 selectivity.
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23
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Zagni C, Floresta G, Monciino G, Rescifina A. The Search for Potent, Small-Molecule HDACIs in Cancer Treatment: A Decade After Vorinostat. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1373-1428. [PMID: 28181261 DOI: 10.1002/med.21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in the remodeling of chromatin, and are involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In the last decade, inhibition of HDACs came out as a target for specific epigenetic changes associated with cancer and other diseases. Until now, more than 20 HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have entered clinical studies, and some of them (e.g., vorinostat, romidepsin) have been approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. This review provides an overview of current knowledge, progress, and molecular mechanisms of HDACIs, covering a period from 2011 until 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Monciino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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24
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Selective Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 Synergize with Azacitidine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169128. [PMID: 28060870 PMCID: PMC5218480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by defects in myeloid differentiation and increased proliferation of neoplastic hematopoietic precursor cells. Outcomes for patients with AML remain poor, highlighting the need for novel treatment options. Aberrant epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AML, and inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase or histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes have exhibited activity in preclinical AML models. Combination studies with HDAC inhibitors plus DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have potential beneficial clinical activity in AML, however the toxicity profiles of non-selective HDAC inhibitors in the combination setting limit their clinical utility. In this work, we describe the preclinical development of selective inhibitors of HDAC1 and HDAC2, which are hypothesized to have improved safety profiles, for combination therapy in AML. We demonstrate that selective inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC2 is sufficient to achieve efficacy both as a single agent and in combination with azacitidine in preclinical models of AML, including established AML cell lines, primary leukemia cells from AML patient bone marrow samples and in vivo xenograft models of human AML. Gene expression profiling of AML cells treated with either an HDAC1/2 inhibitor, azacitidine, or the combination of both have identified a list of genes involved in transcription and cell cycle regulation as potential mediators of the combinatorial effects of HDAC1/2 inhibition with azacitidine. Together, these findings support the clinical evaluation of selective HDAC1/2 inhibitors in combination with azacitidine in AML patients.
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25
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Maolanon AR, Kristensen HME, Leman LJ, Ghadiri MR, Olsen CA. Natural and Synthetic Macrocyclic Inhibitors of the Histone Deacetylase Enzymes. Chembiochem 2016; 18:5-49. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Maolanon
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Helle M. E. Kristensen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Luke J. Leman
- Department of Chemistry; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - M. Reza Ghadiri
- Department of Chemistry; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Christian A. Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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26
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Chemical Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 Induces Fetal Hemoglobin through Activation of GATA2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153767. [PMID: 27073918 PMCID: PMC4830539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic intervention aimed at reactivation of fetal hemoglobin protein (HbF) is a promising approach for ameliorating sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia. Previous studies showed genetic knockdown of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 or 2 is sufficient to induce HbF. Here we show that ACY-957, a selective chemical inhibitor of HDAC1 and 2 (HDAC1/2), elicits a dose and time dependent induction of γ-globin mRNA (HBG) and HbF in cultured primary cells derived from healthy individuals and sickle cell patients. Gene expression profiling of erythroid progenitors treated with ACY-957 identified global changes in gene expression that were significantly enriched in genes previously shown to be affected by HDAC1 or 2 knockdown. These genes included GATA2, which was induced greater than 3-fold. Lentiviral overexpression of GATA2 in primary erythroid progenitors increased HBG, and reduced adult β-globin mRNA (HBB). Furthermore, knockdown of GATA2 attenuated HBG induction by ACY-957. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-Seq) of primary erythroid progenitors demonstrated that HDAC1 and 2 occupancy was highly correlated throughout the GATA2 locus and that HDAC1/2 inhibition led to elevated histone acetylation at well-known GATA2 autoregulatory regions. The GATA2 protein itself also showed increased binding at these regions in response to ACY-957 treatment. These data show that chemical inhibition of HDAC1/2 induces HBG and suggest that this effect is mediated, at least in part, by histone acetylation-induced activation of the GATA2 gene.
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27
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Bieliauskas AV, Weerasinghe SVW, Negmeldin AT, Pflum MKH. Structural Requirements of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: SAHA Analogs Modified on the Hydroxamic Acid. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:373-82. [PMID: 27062198 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins have emerged as targets for anti-cancer therapeutics, with several inhibitors used in the clinic, including suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, vorinostat). Because SAHA and many other inhibitors target all or most of the 11 human HDAC proteins, the creation of selective inhibitors has been studied intensely. Recently, inhibitors selective for HDAC1 and HDAC2 were reported where selectivity was attributed to interactions between substituents on the metal binding moiety of the inhibitor and residues in the 14-Å internal cavity of the HDAC enzyme structure. Based on this earlier work, we synthesized and tested SAHA analogs with substituents on the hydroxamic acid metal binding moiety. The N-substituted SAHA analogs displayed reduced potency and solubility, but greater selectivity, compared to SAHA. Docking studies suggested that the N-substituent accesses the 14-Å internal cavity to impart preferential inhibition of HDAC1. These studies with N-substituted SAHA analogs are consistent with the strategy exploiting the 14-Å internal cavity of HDAC proteins to create HDAC1/2 selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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28
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Noor Z, Afzal N, Rashid S. Exploration of Novel Inhibitors for Class I Histone Deacetylase Isoforms by QSAR Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Assays. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139588. [PMID: 26431201 PMCID: PMC4592208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are metal-dependent enzymes and considered as important targets for cell functioning. Particularly, higher expression of class I HDACs is common in the onset of multiple malignancies which results in deregulation of many target genes involved in cell growth, differentiation and survival. Although substantial attempts have been made to control the irregular functioning of HDACs by employing various inhibitors with high sensitivity towards transformed cells, limited success has been achieved in epigenetic cancer therapy. Here in this study, we used ligand-based pharmacophore and 2-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) modeling approaches for targeting class I HDAC isoforms. Pharmacophore models were generated by taking into account the known IC50 values and experimental energy scores with extensive validations. The QSAR model having an external R2 value of 0.93 was employed for virtual screening of compound libraries. 10 potential lead compounds (C1-C10) were short-listed having strong binding affinities for HDACs, out of which 2 compounds (C8 and C9) were able to interact with all members of class I HDACs. The potential binding modes of HDAC2 and HDAC8 to C8 were explored through molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, bioactivity and ligand efficiency (binding energy/non-hydrogen atoms) profiles suggested that proposed hits may be more effective inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Noor
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Afzal
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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29
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Padige G, Negmeldin AT, Pflum MKH. Development of an ELISA-Based HDAC Activity Assay for Characterization of Isoform-Selective Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:1277-85. [PMID: 26232305 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115598118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins are promising targets for cancer treatment, with several HDAC inhibitors used clinically as anticancer drugs. Most HDAC inhibitors nonspecifically interact with all or many of the 11 HDAC isoforms. Isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors would be useful tools to dissect the individual functions of HDAC proteins in cancer formation, in addition to potentially displaying effective anticancer properties. We report here a robust HDAC activity assay for screening selective HDAC inhibitors, which is inspired by the traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The key feature of the ELISA-based HDAC activity assay is use of mammalian cell-derived HDAC isoforms instead of recombinant proteins. Importantly, the assay was validated with several known HDAC inhibitors. The ELISA-based HDAC activity assay will facilitate the characterization of isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors against mammalian cell-derived HDAC proteins, which will enhance HDAC-centered cancer research and provide a foundation for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Padige
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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30
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Cavasin MA, Stenmark KR, McKinsey TA. Emerging roles for histone deacetylases in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular remodeling (2013 Grover Conference series). Pulm Circ 2015; 5:63-72. [PMID: 25992271 DOI: 10.1086/679700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible lysine acetylation has emerged as a critical mechanism for controlling the function of nucleosomal histones as well as diverse nonhistone proteins. Acetyl groups are conjugated to lysine residues in proteins by histone acetyltransferases and removed by histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are also commonly referred to as lysine deacetylases. Over the past decade, many studies have shown that HDACs play crucial roles in the control of left ventricular (LV) cardiac remodeling in response to stress. Small molecule HDAC inhibitors block pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis and improve cardiac function in various preclinical models of LV failure. Only recently have HDACs been studied in the context of right ventricular (RV) failure, which commonly occurs in patients who experience pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, we review recent findings with HDAC inhibitors in models of PH and RV remodeling, propose next steps for this newly uncovered area of research, and highlight potential for isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of PH and RV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Cavasin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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31
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Stratton MS, McKinsey TA. Acetyl-lysine erasers and readers in the control of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:149-57. [PMID: 25707943 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of lysine residues within nucleosomal histone tails provides a crucial mechanism for epigenetic control of gene expression. Acetyl groups are coupled to lysine residues by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and removed by histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are also commonly referred to as "writers" and "erasers", respectively. In addition to altering the electrostatic properties of histones, lysine acetylation often creates docking sites for bromodomain-containing "reader" proteins. This review focuses on epigenetic control of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and associated right ventricular (RV) cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Effects of small molecule HDAC inhibitors in pre-clinical models of PH are highlighted. Furthermore, we describe the recently discovered role of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) reader proteins in the control of cardiac hypertrophy, and provide evidence suggesting that one member of this family, BRD4, contributes to the pathogenesis of RV failure. Together, the data suggest intriguing potential for pharmacological epigenetic therapies for the treatment of PH and right-sided heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Stratton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, USA
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32
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Ligand Based Pharmacophore Modeling and Virtual Screening Studies to Design Novel HDAC2 Inhibitors. Adv Bioinformatics 2014; 2014:812148. [PMID: 25525429 PMCID: PMC4265523 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases 2 (HDAC2), Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) family, emerged as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of various cancers. A total of 48 inhibitors of two different chemotypes were used to generate pharmacophore model using 3D QSAR pharmacophore generation (HypoGen algorithm) module in Discovery Studio. The best HypoGen model consists of four pharmacophore features namely, one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and one hydrogen donor (HBD), one hydrophobic (HYP) and one aromatic centres, (RA). This model was validated against 20 test set compounds and this model was utilized as a 3D query for virtual screening to validate against NCI and Maybridge database and the hits further screened by Lipinski's rule of 5, and a total of 382 hit compounds from NCI and 243 hit compounds from Maybridge were found and were subjected to molecular docking in the active site of HDAC2 (PDB: 3MAX). Finally eight hit compounds, NSC108392, NSC127064, NSC110782, and NSC748337 from NCI database and MFCD01935795, MFCD00830779, MFCD00661790, and MFCD00124221 from Maybridge database, were considered as novel potential HDAC2 inhibitors.
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33
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Bhansali P, Hanigan CL, Perera L, Casero RA, Tillekeratne LMV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of largazole analogues with modified surface recognition cap groups. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:528-41. [PMID: 25203782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several largazole analogues with modified surface recognition cap groups were synthesized and their HDAC inhibitory activities were determined. The C7-epimer 12 caused negligible inhibition of HDAC activity, failed to induce global histone 3 (H3) acetylation in the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line and demonstrated minimal effect on growth. Although previous studies have shown some degree of tolerance of structural changes at C7 position of largazole, these data show the negative effect of conformational change accompanying change of configuration at this position. Similarly, analogue 16a with D-1-naphthylmethyl side chain at C2 too had negligible inhibition of HDAC activity, failed to induce global histone 3 (H3) acetylation in the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line and demonstrated minimal effect on growth. In contrast, the L-allyl analogue 16b and the L-1-naphthylmethyl analogue 16c were potent HDAC inhibitors, showing robust induction of global H3 acetylation and significant effect on cell growth. The data suggest that even bulky substituents are tolerated at this position, provided the stereochemistry at C2 is retained. With bulky substituents, inversion of configuration at C2 results in loss of inhibitory activity. The activity profiles of 16b and 16c on Class I HDAC1 vs Class II HDAC6 are similar to those of largazole and, taken together with x-ray crystallography information of HDAC8-largazole complex, may suggest that the C2 position of largazole is not a suitable target for structural optimization to achieve isoform selectivity. The results of these studies may guide the synthesis of more potent and selective HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Bhansali
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801, W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Christin L Hanigan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bunting/Blaustein Cancer Research Building 1, 1650 Orleans Street, Room 551, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Lalith Perera
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bunting/Blaustein Cancer Research Building 1, 1650 Orleans Street, Room 551, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - L M Viranga Tillekeratne
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, 2801, W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, United States.
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34
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Methot JL, Hoffman DM, Witter DJ, Stanton MG, Harrington P, Hamblett C, Siliphaivanh P, Wilson K, Hubbs J, Heidebrecht R, Kral AM, Ozerova N, Fleming JC, Wang H, Szewczak AA, Middleton RE, Hughes B, Cruz JC, Haines BB, Chenard M, Kenific CM, Harsch A, Secrist JP, Miller TA. Delayed and Prolonged Histone Hyperacetylation with a Selective HDAC1/HDAC2 Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:340-5. [PMID: 24900838 DOI: 10.1021/ml4004233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and in vitro and in vivo characterization of a potent SHI-1:2 are described. Kinetic analysis indicated that biaryl inhibitors exhibit slow binding kinetics in isolated HDAC1 and HDAC2 preparations. Delayed histone hyperacetylation and gene expression changes were also observed in cell culture, and histone acetylation was observed in vivo beyond disappearance of drug from plasma. In vivo studies further demonstrated that continuous target inhibition was well tolerated and efficacious in tumor-bearing mice, leading to tumor growth inhibition with either once-daily or intermittent administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey L. Methot
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dawn Mampreian Hoffman
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David J. Witter
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Matthew G. Stanton
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Paul Harrington
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Christopher Hamblett
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kevin Wilson
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jed Hubbs
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Richard Heidebrecht
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Astrid M. Kral
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nicole Ozerova
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Judith C. Fleming
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexander A. Szewczak
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Richard E. Middleton
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bethany Hughes
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Cruz
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brian B. Haines
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Melissa Chenard
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Candia M. Kenific
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andreas Harsch
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - J. Paul Secrist
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Thomas A. Miller
- Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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35
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Therapeutic potential of isoform selective HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia. Future Med Chem 2014; 5:1491-508. [PMID: 24024943 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for epigenetic involvement in some of the neurobiological alterations observed in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. In particular, there is mounting evidence implicating dysfunction in acetylation status, a chromatin modification mediated in part by HDACs, as a possible contributing factor to certain facets of this debilitating disease. Additional data support the notion that small molecule inhibition of HDACs may provide therapeutic alternatives to treating many of the symptoms associated with schizophrenia, particularly cognitive deficits. However, the development of highly potent and selective inhibitors of the individual HDAC isoforms will be necessary to delineate the associated biological effects and test the feasibility of such an approach for this complex and chronically treated disease. Here, we summarize current evidence for the role of HDAC isoforms in schizophrenia and highlight the state of the art in developing selective inhibitors of these isoforms as a potential treatment for schizophrenia.
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36
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Patel HK, Siklos MI, Abdelkarim H, Mendonca EL, Vaidya A, Petukhov PA, Thatcher GRJ. A chimeric SERM-histone deacetylase inhibitor approach to breast cancer therapy. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:602-13. [PMID: 23956109 PMCID: PMC3962780 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant cause of death in women, and few therapeutic options exist for estrogen receptor negative (ER (-)) cancers. Epigenetic reactivation of target genes using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors has been proposed in ER (-) cancers to resensitize to therapy using selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that are effective in ER (+) cancer treatment. Based upon preliminary studies in ER (+) and ER (-) breast cancer cells treated with combinations of HDAC inhibitors and SERMs, hybrid drugs, termed SERMostats, were designed with computational guidance. Assay for inhibition of four type I HDAC isoforms and antagonism of estrogenic activity in two cell lines yielded a SERMostat with 1-3 μM potency across all targets. The superior hybrid caused significant cell death in ER (-) human breast cancer cells and elicited cell death at the same concentration as the parent SERM in combination treatment and at an earlier time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitisha K. Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, UIC, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312 996 7107
| | - Marton I. Siklos
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, UIC, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312 996 7107
| | - Hazem Abdelkarim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, UIC, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312 996 7107
| | - Emma L. Mendonca
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, UIC, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312 996 7107
| | - Aditya Vaidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, UIC, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312 996 7107
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, UIC, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312 996 7107
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, UIC, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612-7231 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312 996 7107
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37
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Wambua MK, Nalawansha DA, Negmeldin AT, Pflum MKH. Mutagenesis studies of the 14 Å internal cavity of histone deacetylase 1: insights toward the acetate-escape hypothesis and selective inhibitor design. J Med Chem 2014; 57:642-50. [PMID: 24405391 PMCID: PMC3983352 DOI: 10.1021/jm401837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Histone
deacetylase (HDAC) proteins are promising targets for cancer
treatment, as shown by the approval of two HDAC inhibitors for the
treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. HDAC1 in particular has been
linked to cell growth and cell cycle regulation and is therefore an
attractive target for anticancer drugs. The HDAC1 active site contains
a hydrophobic 11 Å active-site channel, with a 14 Å internal
cavity at the bottom of the active site. Several computational and
biochemical studies have proposed an acetate-escape hypothesis where
the acetate byproduct of the deacetylation reaction escapes via the
14 Å internal cavity. Selective HDAC inhibitors that bind to
the 14 Å cavity have also been created. To understand the influence
of amino acids lining the HDAC1 14 Å cavity in acetate escape
and inhibitor binding, we used mutagenesis coupled with acetate competition
assays. The results indicate that amino acids lining the 14 Å
cavity are critical for catalytic activity and acetate competition,
confirming the role of the cavity in acetate escape. In addition,
these mutagenesis studies will aid in HDAC1-inhibitor design that
exploits the 14 Å cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene K Wambua
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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38
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Kral AM, Ozerova N, Close J, Jung J, Chenard M, Fleming J, Haines BB, Harrington P, Maclean J, Miller TA, Secrist P, Wang H, Heidebrecht RW. Divergent Kinetics Differentiate the Mechanism of Action of Two HDAC Inhibitors. Biochemistry 2014; 53:725-34. [DOI: 10.1021/bi400936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M. Kral
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nicole Ozerova
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joshua Close
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joon Jung
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Melissa Chenard
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Judith Fleming
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brian B. Haines
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Paul Harrington
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John Maclean
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Thomas A. Miller
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Paul Secrist
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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39
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Madsen AS, Kristensen HME, Lanz G, Olsen CA. The Effect of Various Zinc Binding Groups on Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases 1-11. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:614-26. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Wagner FF, Weїwer M, Lewis MC, Holson EB. Small molecule inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:589-604. [PMID: 24101253 PMCID: PMC3805861 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved, reversible post-translational modification. A multitude of diverse cellular functions are regulated by this dynamic modification, including energy and metabolism, protein folding, transcription, and translation. Gene expression can be manipulated through changes in histone acetylation status, and this process is controlled by the function of 2 opposing enzymes: histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The zinc-dependent HDACs are a family of hydrolases that remove acetyl groups from lysines, and their function can be modulated by the action of small molecule ligands. Inhibition through competitive binding of the catalytic domain of these enzymes has been achieved by a diverse array of small molecule chemotypes. Structural biology has aided the development of potent, and in some cases highly isoform-selective, inhibitors that have demonstrated utility in a number of neurological disease models. Continued development and characterization of highly optimized small molecule inhibitors of HDAC enzymes will help refine our understanding of their function and, optimistically, lead to novel therapeutic treatment alternatives for a host of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence F. Wagner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Michel Weїwer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Michael C. Lewis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Edward B. Holson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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Di Micco S, Chini MG, Terracciano S, Bruno I, Riccio R, Bifulco G. Structural basis for the design and synthesis of selective HDAC inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3795-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Steliou K, Boosalis MS, Perrine SP, Sangerman J, Faller DV. Butyrate histone deacetylase inhibitors. Biores Open Access 2013; 1:192-8. [PMID: 23514803 PMCID: PMC3559235 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to being a part of the metabolic fatty acid fuel cycle, butyrate is also capable of inducing growth arrest in a variety of normal cell types and senescence-like phenotypes in gynecological cancer cells, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell growth in colonic tumor cell lines, suppressing hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity in human prostate cancer cells, and inducing stem cell differentiation and apoptosis by DNA fragmentation. It regulates gene expression by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs), enhances memory recovery and formation in mice, stimulates neurogenesis in the ischemic brain, promotes osteoblast formation, selectively blocks cell replication in transformed cells (compared to healthy cells), and can prevent and treat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mouse models of obesity, as well as stimulate fetal hemoglobin expression in individuals with hematologic diseases such as the thalassemias and sickle-cell disease, in addition to a multitude of other biochemical effects in vivo. However, efforts to exploit the potential of butyrate in the clinical treatment of cancer and other medical disorders are thwarted by its poor pharmacological properties (short half-life and first-pass hepatic clearance) and the multigram doses needed to achieve therapeutic concentrations in vivo. Herein, we review some of the methods used to overcome these difficulties with an emphasis on HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta Steliou
- PhenoMatriX, Inc. , Boston, Massachusetts. ; Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates whether a histone deacetylase subtype 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor could be used in the treatment of solid tumours. METHODS We evaluated the effect of a novel inhibitor, C1A, on HDAC6 biochemical activity and cell growth. We further examined potential of early noninvasive imaging of cell proliferation by [(18)F]fluorothymidine positron emission tomography ([(18)F]FLT-PET) to detect therapy response. RESULTS C1A induced sustained acetylation of HDAC6 substrates, α-tubulin and HSP90, compared with current clinically approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA. C1A induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of a panel of human tumour cell lines from different origins in the low micromolar range. Systemic administration of the drug inhibited the growth of colon tumours in vivo by 78%. The drug showed restricted activity on gene expression with <0.065% of genes modulated during 24 h of treatment. C1A treatment reduced tumour [(18)F]FLT uptake by 1.7-fold at 48 h, suggesting that molecular imaging could provide value in future studies of this compound. CONCLUSION C1A preferentially inhibits HDAC6 and modulates HDAC6 downstream targets leading to growth inhibition of a diverse set of cancer cell lines. This property together with the favourable pharmacokinetics and efficacy in vivo makes it a candidate for further pre-clinical and clinical development.
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Vaidya AS, Karumudi B, Mendonca E, Madriaga A, Abdelkarim H, van Breemen RB, Petukhov PA. Design, synthesis, modeling, biological evaluation and photoaffinity labeling studies of novel series of photoreactive benzamide probes for histone deacetylase 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5025-30. [PMID: 22771007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The design, modeling, synthesis, biological evaluation of a novel series of photoreactive benzamide probes for class I HDAC isoforms is reported. The probes are potent and selective for HDAC1 and 2 and are efficient in crosslinking to HDAC2 as demonstrated by photolabeling experiments. The probes exhibit a time-dependent inhibition of class I HDACs. The inhibitory activities of the probes were influenced by the positioning of the aryl and alkyl azido groups necessary for photocrosslinking and attachment of the biotin tag. The probes inhibited the deacetylation of H4 in MDA-MB-231 cell line, indicating that they are cell permeable and target the nuclear HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sudheer Vaidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Stolfa DA, Stefanachi A, Gajer JM, Nebbioso A, Altucci L, Cellamare S, Jung M, Carotti A. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Aminobenzanilide Derivatives as Potent and Selective HDAC Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1256-66. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, facilitates fear extinction and enhances expression of the hippocampal NR2B-containing NMDA receptor gene. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:635-43. [PMID: 22364833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone acetylation, which alters the compact chromatin structure and changes the accessibility of DNA to regulatory proteins, is emerging as a fundamental mechanism for regulating gene expression. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increase histone acetylation and enhance fear extinction. In this study, we examined whether vorinostat, an HDAC inhibitor, facilitates fear extinction, using a contextual fear conditioning (FC) paradigm, in Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that vorinostat facilitated fear extinction. Next, the levels of global acetylated histone H3 and H4 were measured by Western blotting. We also assessed the effect of vorinostat on the hippocampal levels of NMDA receptor mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and protein by Western blotting. 2 h after vorinostat administration, the levels acetylated histones and NR2B mRNA, but not NR1 or NR2A mRNA, were elevated in the hippocampus. The NR2B protein level was elevated 4 h after vorinostat administration. Last, we investigated the levels of acetylated histones and phospho-CREB (p-CREB) binding at the promoter of the NR2B gene using the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay followed by RT-PCR. The ChIP assay revealed increases in the levels of acetylated histones and they were accompanied by enhanced binding of p-CREB to its binding site at the promoter of the NR2B gene 2 h after vorinostat administration. These findings suggest that vorinostat increases the expression of NR2B in the hippocampus by enhancing histone acetylation, and this process may be implicated in fear extinction.
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Anti-tumor activity of new orally bioavailable 2-amino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)benzamide-series histone deacetylase inhibitors, possessing an aqueous soluble functional group as a surface recognition domain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1926-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045-0508;
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Abstract
This review focuses on the progress in the development of the second generation of epigenetic modifiers able to modulate histone marks, and restore normal gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Sciences
- MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Houston
- USA
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50
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel histone deacetylase inhibitors based on virtual screening. Acta Pharm Sin B 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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