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Han ZJ, Li YB, Gu BH, Li YM, Chen H. Economical synthesis of tert-butyl ( S)-3-aminopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate from L-aspartic acid. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1509093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Han
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang-Bing Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bao-Hong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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High performance liquid chromatographic determination of YJC-10592, a new chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) antagonist, in biological samples. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Du ES, Moon HS, Lim SJ, Kim SH. Pharmacokinetics of YJC-10592, a novel chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) antagonist, in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:833-42. [PMID: 27138286 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
YJC-10592, a novel chemokine receptor 2 (CCR-2) antagonist, was developed for treating asthma and atopic dermatitis. We studied the pharmacokinetic characteristics of YJC-10592 after intravenous (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and oral (100 and 200 mg/kg) administration of the drug to rats. Tissue distribution of YJC-10592 was also evaluated after intravenous administration of YJC-10592, 10 mg/kg, to rats. The pharmacokinetics of YJC-10592 was dose-dependent from 20 mg/kg after intravenous administration to rats. The values of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC) of YJC-10592 were dose-dependent from 20 mg/kg and the time-averaged total body (CL) and nonrenal (CLNR) clearances of YJC-10592 were significantly lower at dose of 20 mg/kg, suggesting that saturable metabolism may be involved. The absolute bioavailability (F) of YJC-10592 was generally low (<2.55 %) for both oral doses due to incomplete absorption and low urinary excretion. YJC-10592 had a great affinity to all rat tissues studied except brain, which was supported by a relatively high value of the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V ss) (890-1385 mL/kg). In conclusion, YJC-10592 showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and low F value due to slower elimination and incomplete absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sin Du
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | | | - Soo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea.
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Kothandan G, Gadhe CG, Cho SJ. Investigation of the Binding Site of CCR2 using 4-Azetidinyl-1-aryl-cyclohexane Derivatives: A Membrane Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Study. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Structure-based studies of chemokine receptors. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:539-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zweemer AJM, Nederpelt I, Vrieling H, Hafith S, Doornbos MLJ, de Vries H, Abt J, Gross R, Stamos D, Saunders J, Smit MJ, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Multiple Binding Sites for Small-Molecule Antagonists at the CC Chemokine Receptor 2. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:551-61. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.086850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nunes CA, Freitas MP. Introducing new dimensions in MIA-QSAR: A case for chemokine receptor inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:297-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Carter PH. Progress in the discovery of CC chemokine receptor 2 antagonists, 2009 - 2012. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:549-68. [PMID: 23428142 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.771168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a key mediator of the activation and migration of inflammatory monocytes. As such, it has been investigated extensively as a target for therapeutic intervention in a diverse range of diseases. AREAS COVERED This article reviews both the patent and peer-reviewed literature on the discovery of CCR2 antagonists from January 2009 to December 2012. Developments have occurred within each of the major chemical families of CCR2 antagonists, and are framed in that context. As has been true historically, a number of the compound families also exhibit substantial activity against the related CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), making them formally CCR2/5-dual antagonists. EXPERT OPINION Significant progress continues to be made in identifying novel, potent CCR2 antagonists. In addition, researchers have had success in addressing issues related to selectivity, cardiac safety, and preclinical pharmacokinetics. Establishing proof-of-concept in clinical trials remains the primary challenge for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percy H Carter
- Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Gade S, Mahmood S. 3D-QSAR studies on CCR2B receptor antagonists: Insight into the structural requirements of (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine series of molecules based on CoMFA/CoMSIA models. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:123-33. [PMID: 22557923 PMCID: PMC3341716 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Monocyte chemo attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of the CC-chemokine family and it selectively recruits leukocytes from the circulation to the site of inflammation through binding with the chemotactic cytokine receptor 2B (CCR2B). The recruitment and activation of selected populations of leukocytes is a key feature in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Thus MCP-1 receptor antagonist represents an attractive target for drug discovery. To understand the structural requirements that will lead to enhanced inhibitory potencies, we have carried out 3D-QSAR (quantitative structure–activity relationship) studies on (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine series of molecules as CCR2B receptor antagonists. Materials and Methods: Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were performed on a series of (R)-3-aminopyrrolidine derivatives as antagonists of CCR2B receptor with Sybyl 6.7v. Results: We have derived statistically significant model from 37 molecules and validated it against an external test set of 13 compounds. The CoMFA model yielded a leave one out r2 (r2loo) of 0.847, non-cross-validated r2 (r2ncv) of 0.977, F value of 267.930, and bootstrapped r2 (r2bs) of 0.988. We have derived the standard error of prediction value of 0.367, standard error of estimate 0.141, and a reliable external predictivity, with a predictive r2 (r2pred) of 0.673. While the CoMSIA model yielded an r2loo of 0.719, r2ncv of 0.964,F value of 135.666, r2bs of 0.975, standard error of prediction of 0.512, standard error of estimate of 0.180, and an external predictivity with an r2pred of 0.611. These validation tests not only revealed the robustness of the models but also demonstrated that for our models r2pred, based on the mean activity of test set compounds can accurately estimate external predictivity. Conclusion: The QSAR model gave satisfactory statistical results in terms of q2 and r2 values. We analyzed the contour maps obtained, to study the activity trends of the molecules. We have tried to demonstrate structural features of compounds to account for the activity in terms of positively contributing physicochemical properties such as steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor, and acceptor fields. These contour plots identified several key features, which explain the wide range of activities. The results obtained from models offer important structural insight into designing novel CCR2B antagonists before their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Gade
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics Division, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Kothandan G, Gadhe CG, Cho SJ. Structural insights from binding poses of CCR2 and CCR5 with clinically important antagonists: a combined in silico study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32864. [PMID: 22479344 PMCID: PMC3314010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that contain seven transmembrane domains. In particular, CCR2 and CCR5 and their ligands have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Based on their roles in disease, they have been attractive targets for the pharmaceutical industry, and furthermore, targeting both CCR2 and CCR5 can be a useful strategy. Owing to the importance of these receptors, information regarding the binding site is of prime importance. Structural studies have been hampered due to the lack of X-ray crystal structures, and templates with close homologs for comparative modeling. Most of the previous models were based on the bovine rhodopsin and β2-adrenergic receptor. In this study, based on a closer homolog with higher resolution (CXCR4, PDB code: 3ODU 2.5 Å), we constructed three-dimensional models. The main aim of this study was to provide relevant information on binding sites of these receptors. Molecular dynamics simulation was done to refine the homology models and PROCHECK results indicated that the models were reasonable. Here, binding poses were checked with some established inhibitors of high pharmaceutical importance against the modeled receptors. Analysis of interaction modes gave an integrated interpretation with detailed structural information. The binding poses confirmed that the acidic residues Glu291 (CCR2) and Glu283 (CCR5) are important, and we also found some additional residues. Comparisons of binding sites of CCR2/CCR5 were done sequentially and also by docking a potent dual antagonist. Our results can be a starting point for further structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugan Kothandan
- Department of Bio-New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Changdev G. Gadhe
- Department of Bio-New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Bio-New Drug Development, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Resistant Cells, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim JH, Lim JW, Lee SW, Kim KR, No KT. Prediction of Binding Mode between Chemokine Receptor CCR2 and Its Known Antagonists using Ligand Supported Homology Modeling. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.2.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Kang YS, Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Cha DR. Novel C-C chemokine receptor 2 antagonists in metabolic disease: a review of recent developments. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:745-56. [PMID: 21466412 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.575359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and its receptor, C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), play important roles in various inflammatory diseases. Recently, it has been reported that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway also has an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome through its association with obesity and related systemic complications. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the roles of CCR2 in the pathogenesis of adipose tissue inflammation and other organ damage associated with metabolic syndrome, which is still a matter of debate in many studies. It also covers the use of novel CCR2 antagonists as therapies in such conditions. EXPERT OPINION There is abundant experimental evidence that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway may be involved in chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although animal models of diabetes and obesity, as well as human trials, have produced controversial results, there is continued interest in the roles of CCR2 inhibition in metabolic disease. Further identification of the mechanisms for recruitment and activation of phagocytes and determination of the roles of other chemokines are needed. Future study of these fundamental questions will provide a clearer understanding of adipose tissue biology and potential therapeutic targets for treatment of obesity-related metabolic disease, including diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Kang
- Medical College of Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ansan City, Korea
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Kothandan G, Gadhe CG, Madhavan T, Cho SJ. Binding Site Analysis of CCR2 Through In Silico Methodologies: Docking, CoMFA, and CoMSIA. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:161-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim JH, Lim JW, Lee SW, Kim K, No KT. Ligand supported homology modeling and docking evaluation of CCR2: docked pose selection by consensus scoring. J Mol Model 2011; 17:2707-16. [PMID: 21213000 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and a crucial target for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The structure based antagonists design for many GPCRs, including CCR2, is restricted by the lack of an experimental three dimensional structure. Homology modeling is widely used for the study of GPCR-ligand binding. Since there is substantial diversity for the ligand binding pocket and binding modes among GPCRs, the receptor-ligand binding mode predictions should be derived from homology modeling with supported ligand information. Thus, we modeled the binding of our proprietary CCR2 antagonist using ligand supported homology modeling followed by consensus scoring the docking evaluation based on all modeled binding sites. The protein-ligand model was then validated by visual inspection of receptor-ligand interaction for consistency of published site-directed mutagenesis data and virtual screening a decoy compound database. This model was able to successfully identify active compounds within the decoy database. Finally, additional hit compounds were identified through a docking-based virtual screening of a commercial database, followed by a biological assay to validate CCR2 inhibitory activity. Thus, this procedure can be employed to screen a large database of compounds to identify new CCR2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Sobhia ME, Singh R, Kare P, Chavan S. Rational design of CCR2 antagonists: a survey of computational studies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:543-57. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.482559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lim JW, Oh Y, Kim JH, Oak MH, Na Y, Lee JO, Lee SW, Cho H, Park WK, Choi G, Kang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aminopyrrolidine derivatives as CC chemokine receptor 2 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2099-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Carter PH. Spiroindenes and spiroindanes as antagonists of CC chemokine receptor 2: WO 2009023754. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 20:283-9. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770903490437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hall SE, Mao A, Nicolaidou V, Finelli M, Wise EL, Nedjai B, Kanjanapangka J, Harirchian P, Chen D, Selchau V, Ribeiro S, Schyler S, Pease JE, Horuk R, Vaidehi N. Elucidation of binding sites of dual antagonists in the human chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 75:1325-36. [PMID: 19297521 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.053470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of dual antagonists for the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 will be greatly facilitated by knowledge of the structural differences of their binding sites. Thus, we computationally predicted the binding site of the dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist N-dimethyl-N-[4-[[[2-(4-methylphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzohepten-8-yl] carbonyl]amino]benzyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-aminium (TAK-779), and a CCR2-specific antagonist N-(carbamoylmethyl)-3-trifluoromethyl benzamido-parachlorobenzyl 3-aminopyrrolidine (Teijin compound 1) in an ensemble of predicted structures of human CCR2 and CCR5. Based on our predictions of the protein-ligand interactions, we examined the activity of the antagonists for cells expressing thirteen mutants of CCR2 and five mutants of CCR5. The results show that residues Trp98(2.60) and Thr292(7.40) contribute significantly to the efficacy of both TAK-779 and Teijin compound 1, whereas His121(3.33) and Ile263(6.55) contribute significantly only to the antagonistic effect of Teijin compound 1 at CCR2. Mutation of residues Trp86(2.60) and Tyr108(3.32) adversely affected the efficacy of TAK-779 in antagonizing CCR5-mediated chemotaxis. Y49A(1.39) and E291A(7.39) mutants of CCR2 showed a complete loss of CCL2 binding and chemotaxis, despite robust cell surface expression, suggesting that these residues are critical in maintaining the correct receptor architecture. Modeling studies support the hypothesis that the residues Tyr49(1.39), Trp98(2.60), Tyr120(3.32), and Glu291(7.39) of CCR2 form a tight network of aromatic cluster and polar contacts between transmembrane helices 1, 2, 3, and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer E Hall
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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Chapter 12 The Use of Receptor Homology Modeling to Facilitate the Design of Selective Chemokine Receptor Antagonists. Methods Enzymol 2009; 461:249-79. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(09)05412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xia M, Hou C, DeMong D, Pollack S, Pan M, Singer M, Matheis M, Murray W, Cavender D, Wachter M. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of 7-azaindole piperidine derivatives as CCR2 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6468-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Cherney RJ, Nelson DJ, Lo YC, Yang G, Scherle PA, Jezak H, Solomon KA, Carter PH, Decicco CP. Synthesis and evaluation of cis-3,4-disubstituted piperidines as potent CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5063-5. [PMID: 18722120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of cis-3,4-disubstituted piperidines was synthesized and evaluated as CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) antagonists. Compound 24 emerged with an attractive profile, possessing excellent binding (CCR2 IC(50)=3.4 nM) and functional antagonism (calcium flux IC(50)=2.0 nM and chemotaxis IC(50)=5.4 nM). Studies to explore the binding of these piperidine analogs utilized a key CCR2 receptor mutant (E291A) with compound 14 and revealed a significant reliance on Glu291 for binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cherney
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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