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Meanwell NA, Loiseleur O. Applications of Isosteres of Piperazine in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds: Part 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10942-10971. [PMID: 35675050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine and homopiperazine are well-studied heterocycles in drug design that have found gainful application as scaffolds and terminal elements and for enhancing the aqueous solubility of a molecule. The optimization of drug candidates that incorporate these heterocycles in an effort to refine potency, selectivity, and developability properties has stimulated the design and evaluation of a wide range of bioisosteres that can offer advantage. In this review, we summarize the design and application of bioisosteres of piperazine and homopiperazine that have almost exclusively been in the drug design arena. While there are ∼100 approved drugs that incorporate a piperazine ring, only a single marketed agricultural product is built on this heterocycle. As part of the review, we discuss some of the potential reasons underlying the relatively low level of importance of this heterocycle to the design of agrochemicals and highlight the potential opportunities for their use in contemporary research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Olivier Loiseleur
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
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3
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Tomilov YV, Menchikov LG, Novikov RA, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV. Methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Struth FR, Hirschhäuser C. A Modular Approach to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Cytisine. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lepitre T, Pintiala C, Muru K, Comesse S, Rebbaa A, Lawson AM, Daïch A. Competitive intramolecular C–C vs. C–O bond coupling reactions toward C6 ring-fused 2-pyridone synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3564-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00303f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work described a competitive C–C vs. C–O bond forming reaction at the challenging C6-position of 2-pyridones through Pd catalysis and silver radical cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Lepitre
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- URCOM
- EA 3221
- INC3M CNRS FR-3038
- Normandie Université (Université du Havre)
| | - C. Pintiala
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- URCOM
- EA 3221
- INC3M CNRS FR-3038
- Normandie Université (Université du Havre)
| | - K. Muru
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- URCOM
- EA 3221
- INC3M CNRS FR-3038
- Normandie Université (Université du Havre)
| | - S. Comesse
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- URCOM
- EA 3221
- INC3M CNRS FR-3038
- Normandie Université (Université du Havre)
| | - A. Rebbaa
- Department of Pathology
- University of Pittsburgh
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - A. M. Lawson
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- URCOM
- EA 3221
- INC3M CNRS FR-3038
- Normandie Université (Université du Havre)
| | - A. Daïch
- Laboratoire de Chimie
- URCOM
- EA 3221
- INC3M CNRS FR-3038
- Normandie Université (Université du Havre)
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Abstract
A ring fragmentation and intramolecular azomethine ylide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition sequence of reactions was successfully used in the preparation of a known (±)-cycloclavine precursor in good overall yield. Results of efforts to incorporate the tetrasubstituted cyclopropane ring present in cycloclavine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitinkumar D. Jabre
- The University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States
| | - Teruki Watanabe
- The University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States
| | - Matthias Brewer
- The University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, United States
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Rouden J, Lasne MC, Blanchet J, Baudoux J. (−)-Cytisine and Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 114:712-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rouden
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Marie-Claire Lasne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Blanchet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Baudoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
et Thioorganique, ENSICAEN-Université de Caen, CNRS, Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire, Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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Plas A, Marchand F, Eschalier A, Troin Y, Chalard P. Stereoselective Synthesis and In Vivo Evaluation of the Analgesic Activity of Polysubstituted Bispidines. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Pérez EG, Méndez-Gálvez C, Cassels BK. Cytisine: a natural product lead for the development of drugs acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:555-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np00100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hirschhäuser C, Haseler CA, Gallagher T. Core Modification of Cytisine: A Modular Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hirschhäuser C, Haseler CA, Gallagher T. Core Modification of Cytisine: A Modular Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5162-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Houllier N, Lasne MC, Bureau R, Lestage P, Rouden J. Synthesis of a cytisine/epibatidine hybrid: a radical approach. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Yohannes D, Hansen CP, Akireddy SR, Hauser TA, Kiser MN, Gurnon NJ, Day CS, Bhatti B, Caldwell WS. First total synthesis of (+/-)-3-hydroxy-11-norcytisine: structure confirmation and biological characterization. Org Lett 2010; 10:5353-6. [PMID: 19007172 DOI: 10.1021/ol802145b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the natural product 3-hydroxy-11-norcytisine (1), structurally related to cytisine (2), a benchmark ligand at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NNRs), has been achieved. The synthesis permits the unambiguous confirmation of the structure originally proposed for 1 and has enabled initial biological characterization of 1 and its related compounds against NNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yohannes
- Targacept, Inc., 200 East First Street, Suite 300, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA.
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A novel class of azatricyclononanes: pentasubstituted cyclopropanes from an uncatalysed reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Diversity-oriented synthesis of a cytisine-inspired pyridone library leading to the discovery of novel inhibitors of Bcl-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2500-3. [PMID: 19329314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Four enantiopure cytisine-inspired scaffolds can be accessed via a versatile pyrrolidine template derived from a stereocontrolled [3+2] azomethine ylide-alkene cycloaddition. Differential ester protection allows for the selective formation of either a bridged bicyclic or tricyclic scaffold via pyridone cyclization. Solid-phase diversification of the pyridone scaffolds yielded a diverse library of 15,000 compounds enabling the discovery of a novel class of Bcl-2 inhibitors.
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Brichacek M, Njardarson JT. Creative approaches towards the synthesis of 2,5-dihydro- furans, thiophenes, and pyrroles. One method does not fit all! Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1761-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b900236g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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