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Murce E, Ahenkorah S, Beekman S, Handula M, Stuurman D, de Ridder C, Cleeren F, Seimbille Y. Radiochemical and Biological Evaluation of 3p- C-NETA-ePSMA-16, a Promising PSMA-Targeting Agent for Radiotheranostics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:882. [PMID: 37375829 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifunctional chelators (BFCs) are a key element in the design of radiopharmaceuticals. By selecting a BFC that efficiently complexes diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides, a theranostic pair possessing almost similar biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties can be developed. We have previously reported 3p-C-NETA as a promising theranostic BFC, and the encouraging preclinical outcomes obtained with [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE led us to conjugate this chelator to a PSMA-targeting vector for imaging and treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, we synthesized 3p-C-NETA-ePSMA-16 and radiolabeled it with different diagnostic (111In, 18F) and therapeutic (177Lu, 213Bi) radionuclides. 3p-C-NETA-ePSMA-16 showed high affinity to PSMA (IC50 = 4.61 ± 1.33 nM), and [111In]In-3p-C-NETA-ePSMA-16 showed specific cell uptake (1.41 ± 0.20% ID/106 cells) in PSMA expressing LS174T cells. Specific tumor uptake of [111In]In-3p-C-NETA-ePSMA-16 was observed up to 4 h p.i. (1.62 ± 0.55% ID/g at 1 h p.i.; 0.89 ± 0.58% ID/g at 4 h p.i.) in LS174T tumor-bearing mice. Only a faint signal could be seen at 1 h p.i. in the SPECT/CT scans, whereas dynamic PET/CT scans performed after administration of [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-ePSMA-16 in PC3-Pip tumor xenografted mice resulted in a better tumor visualization and imaging contrast. Therapy studies with short-lived radionuclides such as 213Bi could further elucidate the therapeutic potential of 3p-C-NETA-ePSMA-16 as a radiotheranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Murce
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Ahenkorah
- NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Savanne Beekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryana Handula
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina de Ridder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
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Gai Y, Li Y, Wu S, Xu L, Lu Y, Lan X, Xiang G, Ma X. Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of a Gadolinium-Containing Vitamin E TPGS Micelle as a Potential Contrast Agent for MR Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020401. [PMID: 36839723 PMCID: PMC9963244 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of many currently evaluated macromolecular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been limited because of their bio-incompatibility and toxicity. The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize a new micelle-based TPGS gadolinium chelate as a biocompatible MRI contrast agent for prolonged blood circulation time and good tumor imaging contrast. The TPGS-gadolinium conjugate was prepared through the conjugation between TPGS-SA and bifunctional L-NETA-Gd chelate. The conjugate was characterized with regard to molecular weight, critical micellar concentration and particle sizes, cellular uptake, and in vitro cell MRI. Distributions of the MRI contrast agent in various organs were determined via intravenous injection of the agent into mice bearing xenograft tumors. The successfully prepared TPGS-L-NETA-Gd micelle exhibited improved cellular uptake in HepG2 cells and xenografts and high in vivo safety. Distributions of TPGS-L-NETA-Gd in mice showed enhanced cellular uptake up to 2 h after the contrast agent injection. Its in vitro and in vivo properties make it a favorable macromolecular MRI contrast agent for future in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuangping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- School of Pharmacy, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren 554300, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (X.M.)
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3
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Franchi S, Di Marco V, Tosato M. Bismuth chelation for targeted alpha therapy: Current state of the art. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 114-115:168-188. [PMID: 35753940 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current interest in the α-emitting bismuth radionuclides, bismuth-212 (212Bi) and bismuth-213 (213Bi), stems from their great potential for targeted alpha therapy (TAT), an expanding and promising approach for the treatment of micrometastatic disease and the eradication of single malignant cells. To selectively deliver their emission to the cancer cells, these radiometals must be firmly coordinated by a bifunctional chelator (BFC) attached to a tumour-seeking vector. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art chelating agents for bismuth radioisotopes. Several aspects are reported, from their 'cold' chelation chemistry (thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural properties) and radiolabelling investigations to the preclinical and clinical studies performed with a variety of bioconjugates. The aim of this review is to provide both a guide for the rational design of novel optimal platforms for the chelation of these attractive α-emitters and emphasize the prospects of the most encouraging chelating agents proposed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Ahenkorah S, Murce E, Cawthorne C, Ketchemen JP, Deroose CM, Cardinaels T, Seimbille Y, Fonge H, Gsell W, Bormans G, Ooms M, Cleeren F. 3p-C-NETA: A versatile and effective chelator for development of Al 18F-labeled and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5971-5985. [PMID: 35966589 PMCID: PMC9373814 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiolabeled somatostatin analogues (e.g. [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE) have been used to diagnose, monitor, and treat neuroendocrine tumour (NET) patients with great success. [18F]AlF-NOTA-octreotide, a promising 18F-labeled somatostatin analogue and potential alternative for 68Ga-DOTA-peptides, is under clinical evaluation. However, ideally, the same precursor (combination of chelator-linker-vector) can be used for production of both diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals with very similar (e.g. Al18F-method in combination with therapeutic radiometals 213Bi/177Lu) or identical (e.g. complementary Tb-radionuclides) pharmacokinetic properties, allowing for accurate personalised dosimetry estimation and radionuclide therapy of NET patients. In this study we evaluated 3p-C-NETA, as potential theranostic Al18F-chelator and present first results of radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE. Methods: 3p-C-NETA was synthesized and radiolabeled with diagnostic (68Ga, Al18F) or therapeutic (177Lu, 161Tb, 213Bi, 225Ac and 67Cu) radionuclides at different temperatures (25-95 °C). The in vitro stability of the corresponding radiocomplexes was determined in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and human serum. 3p-C-NETA-TATE was synthesized using standard solid/liquid-phase peptide synthesis. [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE was synthesized in an automated AllinOne® synthesis module and the in vitro stability of [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE was evaluated in formulation buffer, PBS and human serum. [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE pharmacokinetics were evaluated using µPET/MRI in healthy rats, with [18F]AlF-NOTA-Octreotide as benchmark. Results: 3p-C-NETA quantitatively sequestered 177Lu, 213Bi and 67Cu at 25 °C while heating was required to bind Al18F, 68Ga, 161Tb and 225Ac efficiently. The [18F]AlF-, [177Lu]Lu- and [161Tb]Tb-3p-C-NETA-complex showed excellent in vitro stability in both PBS and human serum over the study period. In contrast, [67Cu]Cu- and [225Ac]Ac-, [68Ga]Ga-3p-C-NETA were stable in PBS, but not in human serum. [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE was obtained in good radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity. [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE displayed good in vitro stability for 4 h in all tested conditions. Finally, [18F]AlF-3p-C-NETA-TATE showed excellent pharmacokinetic properties comparable with the results obtained for [18F]AlF-NOTA-Octreotide. Conclusions: 3p-C-NETA is a versatile chelator that can be used for both diagnostic applications (Al18F) and targeted radionuclide therapy (213Bi, 177Lu, 161Tb). It has the potential to be the new theranostic chelator of choice for clinical applications in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ahenkorah
- NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erika Murce
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe M Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Cardinaels
- NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital (RUH), Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- NURA, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Holik HA, Ibrahim FM, Elaine AA, Putra BD, Achmad A, Kartamihardja AHS. The Chemical Scaffold of Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals: Radionuclide, Bifunctional Chelator, and Pharmacokinetics Modifying Linker. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103062. [PMID: 35630536 PMCID: PMC9143622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals have been researched extensively in the last decade as a result of the growing research interest in personalized medicine to improve diagnostic accuracy and intensify intensive therapy while limiting side effects. Radiometal-based drugs are of substantial interest because of their greater versatility for clinical translation compared to non-metal radionuclides. This paper comprehensively discusses various components commonly used as chemical scaffolds to build radiopharmaceutical agents, i.e., radionuclides, pharmacokinetic-modifying linkers, and chelators, whose characteristics are explained and can be used as a guide for the researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holis Abdul Holik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Faisal Maulana Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Angela Alysia Elaine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Bernap Dwi Putra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Arifudin Achmad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.A.); (A.H.S.K.)
- Oncology and Stem Cell Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Hussein Sundawa Kartamihardja
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.A.); (A.H.S.K.)
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6
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Wang S, Gai Y, Li M, Fang H, Xiang G, Ma X. Synthesis of a new bifunctional NODA for bioconjugation with PSMA ligand and one-step Al 18F labeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116687. [PMID: 35278818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Al18F labeling method is a relatively new approach that allows radiofluorination of biomolecules such as peptides and proteins in a one-step procedure and in an aqueous solution. However, instability of the complex of [AlF]2+ with hexadentate chelator NOTA may attribute to the disassociation of free 18F- and [Al18F]2+ and accumulation in bone. In this study, we designed and synthesized a new bifunctional pentadentate AlF-chelator p-SCN-PhPr-NODA as well as its nitro form p-NO2-PhPr-NODA. Chelator p-NO2-PhPr-NODA exhibited increased Al (III) complexation kinetics determined by AA III complexation kinetic studies and stronger coordination ability towards [AlF]2+ according to DFT calculation studies in comparison with hexadentate chelator NOTA. As a proof of concept, bifunctional chelator p-SCN-PhPr-NODA was furthermore conjugated to a PSMA targeting moiety Glu-urea-Lys to form NODA-PrPh-GuL. The conjugated peptide showed acceptable radiochemical yield (12.5-16.4%) and efficiency with an excellent radiochemical purity (∼100% after SPE purification) in Al18F labeling. The labeled peptide exhibited good in vitro stability and significant specificity for PSMA. Biodistribution study and MicroPET scan in healthy Kun Ming mice with the labeled peptide were performed and demonstrated excellent in vivo stability of Al18F-labeled construct. In general, the successful application of the new bifunctional chelator in labeling dipeptide Glu-urea-Lys with Al18F could facilitate its possibility in conjugating with other peptides for PET imaging with enhanced in vivo stability, thus providing better in vivo performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hanyi Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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7
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Wang S, Gai Y, Sun L, Lan X, Zeng D, Xiang G, Ma X. Synthesis and evaluation of novel 1,4,7-triazacyclononane derivatives as Cu2+ and Ga3+ chelators. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 229:111719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Egorova BV, Matazova EV, Aleshin GY, Zubenko AD, Pashanova AV, Konopkina EA, Mitrofanov AA, Smirnova AA, Trigub AL, Karnoukhova VA, Fedorova OA, Kalmykov SN. Investigating the Bismuth Complexes with Benzoazacrown Tri‐ and Tetra‐Acetates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bayirta V. Egorova
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V. Matazova
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Gleb Yu. Aleshin
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia D. Zubenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anna V. Pashanova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia 125047 Miusskaya sqr. 9 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A. Konopkina
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Artem A. Mitrofanov
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A. Smirnova
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander L. Trigub
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” 123098 Akademika Kurchatova sqr., 1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valentina A. Karnoukhova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Fedorova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia 125047 Miusskaya sqr. 9 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Chemistry Department Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” 123098 Akademika Kurchatova sqr., 1 Moscow Russian Federation
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9
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Farzipour S, Shaghaghi Z, Abbasi S, Albooyeh H, Alvandi M. Recent Achievements about Targeted Alpha Therapy-Based Targeting Vectors and Chelating Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1496-1510. [PMID: 34315393 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210727120308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most rapidly growing options in the management of cancer therapy is Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) through which lethal α-emitting radionuclides conjugated to tumor-targeting vectors selectively deliver high amount of radiation to cancer cells.225Ac, 212Bi, 211At, 213Bi, and 223Ra have been investigated by plenty of clinical trials and preclinical researches for the treatment of smaller tumor burdens, micro-metastatic disease, and post-surgery residual disease. In order to send maximum radiation to tumor cells while minimizing toxicity in normal cells, a high affinity of targeting vectors to cancer tissue is essential. Besides that, the stable and specific complex between chelating agent and α-emitters was found as a crucial parameter. The present review was planned to highlight recent achievements about TAT-based targeting vectors and chelating agents and provide further insight for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi
- Department of Radiology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Albooyeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alvandi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Clinical Development Research Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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10
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Fiszbein DJ, Brown V, Thiele NA, Woods JJ, Wharton L, MacMillan SN, Radchenko V, Ramogida CF, Wilson JJ. Tuning the Kinetic Inertness of Bi 3+ Complexes: The Impact of Donor Atoms on Diaza-18-Crown-6 Ligands as Chelators for 213Bi Targeted Alpha Therapy. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9199-9211. [PMID: 34102841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The radionuclide 213Bi can be applied for targeted α therapy (TAT): a type of nuclear medicine that harnesses α particles to eradicate cancer cells. To use this radionuclide for this application, a bifunctional chelator (BFC) is needed to attach it to a biological targeting vector that can deliver it selectively to cancer cells. Here, we investigated six macrocyclic ligands as potential BFCs, fully characterizing the Bi3+ complexes by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Solid-state structures of three complexes revealed distorted coordination geometries about the Bi3+ center arising from the stereochemically active 6s2 lone pair. The kinetic properties of the Bi3+ complexes were assessed by challenging them with a 1000-fold excess of the chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The most kinetically inert complexes contained the most basic pendent donors. Density functional theory (DFT) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) calculations were employed to investigate this trend, suggesting that the kinetic inertness is not correlated with the extent of the 6s2 lone pair stereochemical activity, but with the extent of covalency between pendent donors. Lastly, radiolabeling studies of 213Bi (30-210 kBq) with three of the most promising ligands showed rapid formation of the radiolabeled complexes at room temperature within 8 min for ligand concentrations as low as 10-7 M, corresponding to radiochemical yields of >80%, thereby demonstrating the promise of this ligand class for use in 213Bi TAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Fiszbein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Victoria Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Nikki A Thiele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joshua J Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Robert F. Smith School for Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Luke Wharton
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Caterina F Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada.,Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Chong HS, Chen Y, Kang CS, Sin I, Zhang S, Wang H. Pyridine-containing octadentate ligand NE3TA-PY for formation of neutral complex with 177Lu(III) and 90Y(III) for radiopharmaceutical applications: Synthesis, DFT calculation, radiolabeling, and in vitro complex stability. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 221:111436. [PMID: 33971521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy is a developing therapeutic modality for cancer and employs a cytotoxic radionuclide bound to a chelating agent and a bioactive molecule with high binding affinity for a specific biomarker in tumors. An optimal chelator is one of the critical components to control therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of targeted radionuclide therapy. We designed a new octadentate ligand NE3TA-PY (7-[2-[(carboxymethyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetic acid) for β-particle-emitting 177Lu and 90Y with targeted radionuclide therapy applications. The pyridine-containing polyaminocarboxylate ligand was proposed to form a neutral complex with Lu(III) and Y(III). The new chelator NE3TA-PY was synthesized and experimentally and theorectically studied for complexation with 177Lu(III) and 90Y(III). DFT-optimized structures of Y(III)-NE3TA-PY and Lu(III)-NE3TA-PY complexes were predicted. NE3TA-PY displayed excellent radiolabeling efficiency with both 177Lu and 90Y. The new chelator (NE3TA-PY) bound to 177Lu was more stable in human serum and better tolerated when challenged by EDTA than 90Y-labeled NE3TA-PY. Our findings suggest that the new chelator (NE3TA-PY) produced excellent Lu-177 radiolabeling and in vitro complex stability profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soon Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis College of Science and Letters, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis College of Science and Letters, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis College of Science and Letters, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Inseok Sin
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis College of Science and Letters, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis College of Science and Letters, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis College of Science and Letters, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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12
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Ahenkorah S, Cassells I, Deroose CM, Cardinaels T, Burgoyne AR, Bormans G, Ooms M, Cleeren F. Bismuth-213 for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: From Atom to Bedside. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:599. [PMID: 33919391 PMCID: PMC8143329 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to external high energy photon or proton therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is a systemic cancer treatment allowing targeted irradiation of a primary tumor and all its metastases, resulting in less collateral damage to normal tissues. The α-emitting radionuclide bismuth-213 (213Bi) has interesting properties and can be considered as a magic bullet for TRNT. The benefits and drawbacks of targeted alpha therapy with 213Bi are discussed in this review, covering the entire chain from radionuclide production to bedside. First, the radionuclide properties and production of 225Ac and its daughter 213Bi are discussed, followed by the fundamental chemical properties of bismuth. Next, an overview of available acyclic and macrocyclic bifunctional chelators for bismuth and general considerations for designing a 213Bi-radiopharmaceutical are provided. Finally, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies involving 213Bi-radiopharmaceuticals, as well as the future perspectives of this promising cancer treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ahenkorah
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.A.); (I.C.); (T.C.); (A.R.B.)
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Irwin Cassells
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.A.); (I.C.); (T.C.); (A.R.B.)
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Christophe M. Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Cardinaels
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.A.); (I.C.); (T.C.); (A.R.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrew R. Burgoyne
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.A.); (I.C.); (T.C.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Guy Bormans
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (S.A.); (I.C.); (T.C.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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13
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Lange JL, Davey PRWJ, Ma MT, White JM, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Blower PJ, Paterson BM. An octadentate bis(semicarbazone) macrocycle: a potential chelator for lead and bismuth radiopharmaceuticals. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14962-14974. [PMID: 33079111 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A variant of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) bearing two semicarbazone pendant groups has been prepared. The octadentate ligand forms complexes with Bi3+ and Pb2+. X-ray crystallography showed that the neutral ligand provides an eight-coordinate environment for both metal ions and intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions have influenced the coordination environments of both complexes in the solid state. NMR spectroscopy revealed a fluxional environment for both complexes. The ligand was radiolabeled with the α-emitting radioactive isotope 213Bi3+, which is used in systemic targeted radiotherapy. The resulting complex was stable in serum for at least 90 min (two decay half-lives). The Pb2+ complex has reasonably fast kinetics of formation (t1/2 = 20 min) at 25 °C and pH 7.4. The Bi3+ and Pb2+ complexes show kinetic stability in 1.2 M HCl (half-lives of 214 min and 47 min, respectively). This is the first description of a macrocycle bearing semicarbazone pendant groups and its utility in coordinating main group metals, specifically those with radiotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn L Lange
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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14
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Egorova BV, Fedorova OA, Kalmykov SN. Cationic radionuclides and ligands for targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the already used and potential α- and β-emitting cationic radionuclides for targeted radionuclide therapy. Recent results of laboratory, preclinical and clinical applications of these radionuclides are discussed. As opposed to β-emitters, which are already used in nuclear medicine, α-emitters involved in targeted radiopharmaceuticals were subjected to clinical trials only recently and were found to be therapeutically effective. The review summarizes recent trends in the development of ligands as components of radiopharmaceuticals addressing specific features of short-lived cationic radionuclides applied in medicine. Despite a steadily growing number of chelating ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) remain the most widely used agents in nuclear medicine. The drawbacks of these compounds restrict the application of radionuclides in medicine. Variations in the macrocycle size, the introduction and modification of substituents can significantly improve the chelating ability of ligands, enhance stability of radionuclide complexes with these ligands and eliminate the influence of ligands on the affinity of biological targeting vectors.
The bibliography includes 189 references.
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15
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Okoye NC, Baumeister JE, Najafi Khosroshahi F, Hennkens HM, Jurisson SS. Chelators and metal complex stability for radiopharmaceutical applications. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine relies heavily on radiometal nuclides. The most widely used and well-known radionuclide is technetium-99m (99mTc), which has dominated diagnostic nuclear medicine since the advent of the 99Mo/99mTc generator in the 1960s. Since that time, many more radiometals have been developed and incorporated into potential radiopharmaceuticals. One critical aspect of radiometal-containing radiopharmaceuticals is their stability under in vivo conditions. The chelator that is coordinated to the radiometal is a key factor in determining radiometal complex stability. The chelators that have shown the most promise and are under investigation in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals over the last 5 years are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heather M. Hennkens
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211 , USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center , Columbia, MO 65211 , USA
| | - Silvia S. Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211 , USA
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16
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Kowalik M, Masternak J, Barszcz B. Recent Research Trends on Bismuth Compounds in Cancer Chemoand Radiotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:729-759. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171003113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:Application of coordination chemistry in nanotechnology is a rapidly developing research field in medicine. Bismuth complexes have been widely used in biomedicine with satisfactory therapeutic effects, mostly in Helicobacter pylori eradication, but also as potential antimicrobial and anti-leishmanial agents. Additionally, in recent years, application of bismuth-based compounds as potent anticancer drugs has been studied extensively.Methods:Search for data connected with recent trends on bismuth compounds in cancer chemo- and radiotherapy was carried out using web-based literature searching tools such as ScienceDirect, Springer, Royal Society of Chemistry, American Chemical Society and Wiley. Pertinent literature is covered up to 2016.Results:In this review, based on 213 papers, we highlighted a number of current problems connected with: (i) characterization of bismuth complexes with selected thiosemicarbazone, hydrazone, and dithiocarbamate classes of ligands as potential chemotherapeutics. Literature results derived from 50 papers show that almost all bismuth compounds inhibit growth and proliferation of breast, colon, ovarian, lung, and other tumours; (ii) pioneering research on application of bismuth-based nanoparticles and nanodots for radiosensitization. Results show great promise for improvement in therapeutic efficacy of ionizing radiation in advanced radiotherapy (described in 36 papers); and (iii) research challenges in using bismuth radionuclides in targeted radioimmunotherapy, connected with choice of adequate radionuclide, targeting vector, proper bifunctional ligand and problems with 213Bi recoil daughters toxicity (derived from 92 papers).Conclusion:This review presents recent research trends on bismuth compounds in cancer chemo- and radiotherapy, suggesting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kowalik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Joanna Masternak
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Barbara Barszcz
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
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17
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Mishiro K, Hanaoka H, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa K. Radiotheranostics with radiolanthanides: Design, development strategies, and medical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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20
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A Practical Route for the Preparation of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononanyl Diacetates with a Hydroxypyridinonate Pendant Arm. Molecules 2015; 20:19393-405. [PMID: 26512638 PMCID: PMC6332087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201019393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of triazamacrocyclic hydroxypyridinonate (HOPO-TACN) derivatives as potential chelators for metals in biomedical applications was reported. The synthesis is based on a convergent synthetic approach, in which the key intermediate di-tert-butyl-2,2′-(1,4,7-triazonane-1,4-diyl) diacetate was coupled with a hydroxypyridinonate pendant arm. The method is suitable for rapid syntheses of metal chelator HOPO-TACNs of biomedical interest.
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21
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Evaluation of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands for the chelation of therapeutic bismuth radioisotopes. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:428-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Chong HS, Chen Y, Kang CS, Sun X, Wu N. Novel (64)Cu-radiolabeled bile acid conjugates for targeted PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1082-5. [PMID: 25661712 PMCID: PMC4706377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A promising bifunctional chelate (N-NE3TA) was conjugated to bile acids, cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as tumor targeting vectors. Bile acid conjugates of N-NE3TA (CA-N-NE3TA, DCA-N-NE3TA, and CDCA-N-NE3TA) were comparatively evaluated for complexation with (64)Cu, an imaging probe for positron emission tomography (PET). N-NE3TA-bile acid conjugates were evaluated for radiolabeling kinetics with (64)Cu, and the corresponding (64)Cu-radiolabeled conjugates were screened for complex stability in human serum and EDTA solution. The NE3TA-bile acid conjugates instantly bound to (64)Cu with excellent radiolabeling efficiency at room temperature. All NE3TA-bile acid conjugates radiolabeled with (64)Cu remained inert in human serum for 2days without releasing a considerable amount of the radioactivity. The (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes were further challenged by EDTA in a 100-fold molar excess. Bile acid-N-NE3TA conjugates radiolabeled with (64)Cu were quite stable with a minimal transfer of (64)Cu to EDTA at 4h time point. The in vitro data indicate that the bile acid-N-NE3TA conjugates deserve further biological evaluation for (64)Cu-based targeted PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
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23
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Chong HS, Sun X, Chen Y, Sin I, Kang CS, Lewis MR, Liu D, Ruthengael VC, Zhong Y, Wu N, Song HA. Synthesis and comparative biological evaluation of bifunctional ligands for radiotherapy applications of (90)Y and (177)Lu. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:1169-78. [PMID: 25648683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zevalin® is an antibody-drug conjugate radiolabeled with a cytotoxic radioisotope ((90)Y) that was approved for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A bifunctional ligand that displays favorable complexation kinetics and in vivo stability is required for effective RIT. New bifunctional ligands 3p-C-DE4TA and 3p-C-NE3TA for potential use in RIT were efficiently prepared by the synthetic route based on regiospecific ring opening of aziridinium ions with prealkylated triaza- or tetraaza-backboned macrocycles. The new bifunctional ligands 3p-C-DE4TA and 3p-C-NE3TA along with the known bimodal ligands 3p-C-NETA and 3p-C-DEPA were comparatively evaluated for potential use in targeted radiotherapy using β-emitting radionuclides (90)Y and (177)Lu. The bifunctional ligands were evaluated for radiolabeling kinetics with (90)Y and (177)Lu, and the corresponding (90)Y or (177)Lu-radiolabeled complexes were studied for in vitro stability in human serum and in vivo biodistribution in mice. The results of the comparative complexation kinetic and stability studies indicate that size of macrocyclic cavity, ligand denticity, and bimodality of donor groups have a substantial impact on complexation of the bifunctional ligands with the radiolanthanides. The new promising bifunctional chelates in the DE4TA and NE3TA series were rapid in binding (90)Y and (177)Lu, and the corresponding (90)Y- and (177)Lu-radiolabeled complexes remained inert in human serum or in mice. The in vitro and in vivo data show that 3p-C-DE4TA and 3p-C-NE3TA are promising bifunctional ligands for targeted radiotherapy applications of (90)Y and (177)Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Inseok Sin
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Varyanna C Ruthengael
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yongliang Zhong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Ningjie Wu
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Hyun A Song
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
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Evaluation of benzyl-substituted DTPA analogues as decorporation agents of radionuclides. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Kang CS, Chen Y, Lee H, Liu D, Sun X, Kweon J, Lewis MR, Chong HS. Synthesis and evaluation of a new bifunctional NETA chelate for molecular targeted radiotherapy using(90)Y or(177)Lu. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:242-9. [PMID: 25487552 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic potential of β-emitting cytotoxic radionuclides (90)Y and (177)Lu has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical and clinical trials. A bifunctional chelate that can effectively complex with the radioisotopes is a critical component for molecular targeted radiotherapy (90)Y and (177)Lu. A new bifunctional chelate 5p-C-NETA with a relatively long alkyl spacer between the chelating backbone and the functional unit for conjugation to a tumor targeting moiety was synthesized. 5p-C-NETA was conjugated to a model targeting moiety, a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys (RGDyK) peptide binding integrin αvβ3 protein overexpressed on various cancers. 5p-C-NETA was conjugated to c(RGDyK) peptide and evaluated for potential use in molecular targeted radiotherapy of (90)Y and (177)Lu. METHODS 5p-C-NETA conjugated with c(RGDyK) was evaluated in vitro for radiolabeling, serum stability, binding affinity, and the result of the in vitro studies of 5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) was compared to that of 3p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK). (177)Lu-5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) was further evaluated for in vivo biodistribution using gliobastoma bearing mice. RESULT The new chelate rapidly and tightly bound to a cytotoxic radioisotope for cancer therapy, (90)Y or (177)Lu with excellent radiolabeling efficiency and maximum specific activity under mild condition (>99%, RT, <1 min). (90)Y- and (177)Lu-radiolabeled complexes of the new chelator remained stable in human serum without any loss of the radiolanthanide for 14 days. Introduction of the tumor targeting RGD moiety to the new chelator made little impact on complexation kinetics and stability with (90)Y or (177)Lu. (177)Lu-radiolabeled 5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) conjugate was shown to target tumors in mice and produced a favorable in vivo stability profile. CONCLUSION The results of in vitro and in vivo evaluation suggest that 5p-C-NETA is an effective bifunctional chelate of (90)Y and (177)Lu that can be applied for generation of versatile molecular targeted radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Dijie Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Junghun Kweon
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael R Lewis
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.
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Holub J, Meckel M, Kubíček V, Rösch F, Hermann P. Gallium(III) complexes of NOTA-bis (phosphonate) conjugates as PET radiotracers for bone imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 10:122-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Holub
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 2030 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Marian Meckel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; University Mainz; Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 2030 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry; University Mainz; Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 2030 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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Sin I, Kang CS, Bandara N, Sun X, Zhong Y, Rogers BE, Chong HS. Novel hexadentate and pentadentate chelators for ⁶⁴Cu-based targeted PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2553-62. [PMID: 24657050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new hexadentate and pentadentate chelators were designed and synthesized as chelators of (64)Cu. The new pentadentate and hexadentate chelators contain different types of donor groups and are expected to form neutral complexes with Cu(II). The new chelators were evaluated for complex kinetics and stability with (64)Cu. The new chelators instantly bound to (64)Cu with high labeling efficiency and maximum specific activity. All (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes in human serum remained intact for 2 days. The (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes were further challenged by EDTA in a 100-fold molar excess. Among the (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes evaluated, (64)Cu-complex of the new chelator E was well tolerated with a minimal transfer of (64)Cu to EDTA. (64)Cu-radiolabeled complex of the new chelator E was further evaluated for biodistribution studies using mice and displayed rapid blood clearance and low organ uptake. (64)Cu-chelator E produced a favorable in vitro and in vivo complex stability profiles comparable to (64)Cu complex of the known hexadentate NOTA chelator. The in vitro and in vivo data highlight strong potential of the new chelator E for targeted PET imaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseok Sin
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Yongliang Zhong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
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Chong HS, Sun X, Zhong Y, Bober K, Lewis MR, Liu D, Ruthengael VC, Sin I, Kang CS. Synthesis and Evaluation of an Enantiomerically Enriched Bifunctional Chelator for64Cu-Based Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Radiometals comprise many useful radioactive isotopes of various metallic elements. When properly harnessed, these have valuable emission properties that can be used for diagnostic imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, e.g.(67)Ga, (99m)Tc, (111)In, (177)Lu) and positron emission tomography (PET, e.g.(68)Ga, (64)Cu, (44)Sc, (86)Y, (89)Zr), as well as therapeutic applications (e.g.(47)Sc, (114m)In, (177)Lu, (90)Y, (212/213)Bi, (212)Pb, (225)Ac, (186/188)Re). A fundamental critical component of a radiometal-based radiopharmaceutical is the chelator, the ligand system that binds the radiometal ion in a tight stable coordination complex so that it can be properly directed to a desirable molecular target in vivo. This article is a guide for selecting the optimal match between chelator and radiometal for use in these systems. The article briefly introduces a selection of relevant and high impact radiometals, and their potential utility to the fields of radiochemistry, nuclear medicine, and molecular imaging. A description of radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals is provided, and several key design considerations are discussed. The experimental methods by which chelators are assessed for their suitability with a variety of radiometal ions is explained, and a large selection of the most common and most promising chelators are evaluated and discussed for their potential use with a variety of radiometals. Comprehensive tables have been assembled to provide a convenient and accessible overview of the field of radiometal chelating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Price
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
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Tircsó G, Garda Z, Kálmán FK, Baranyai Z, Pócsi I, Balla G, Tóth I. Lanthanide(III) complexes of some natural siderophores: A thermodynamic, kinetic and relaxometric study. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kang CS, Song HA, Milenic DE, Baidoo KE, Brechbiel MW, Chong HS. Preclinical evaluation of NETA-based bifunctional ligand for radioimmunotherapy applications using 212Bi and 213Bi: radiolabeling, serum stability, and biodistribution and tumor uptake studies. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:600-5. [PMID: 23541026 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the great potential of targeted α-radioimmunotherapy (RIT) as demonstrated by pre-clinical and clinical trials, limited progress has been made on the improvement of chelation chemistry for (212)Bi and (213)Bi. A new bifunctional ligand 3p-C-NETA was evaluated for targeted α RIT using (212)Bi and (213)Bi. METHODS Radiolabeling of 3p-C-NETA with (205/6)Bi, a surrogate of (212)Bi and (213)Bi, was evaluated at pH5.5 and room temperature. In vitro stability of the (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate was evaluated using human serum (pH7, 37 °C). Immunoreactivity and specific activity of the (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate were measured. An in vivo biodistribution study was performed to evaluate the in vivo stability and tumor targeting properties of the (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous LS174T tumor xenografts. RESULT The 3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate was extremely rapid in complexing with (205/6)Bi, and the corresponding (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab was stable in human serum. (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab was prepared with a high specific activity and retained immunoreactivity. (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate displayed excellent in vivo stability and targeting as evidenced by low normal organ and high tumor uptake. CONCLUSION The results of the in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that 3p-C-NETA is a promising chelator for RIT applications using (212)Bi and (213)Bi. Further detailed in vivo evaluations of 3p-C-NETA for targeted α RIT are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Yoon S, Lim H. Preparation of Metal-p-aminobenzyl-DOTA Complex Using Magnetic Particles for Bio-tagging in Laser Ablation ICP-MS. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.11.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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De Silva RA, Jain S, Lears KA, Chong HS, Kang CS, Sun X, Rogers BE. Copper-64 radiolabeling and biological evaluation of bifunctional chelators for radiopharmaceutical development. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:1099-104. [PMID: 22743158 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of novel bifunctional chelates for attaching copper-64 to biomolecules has been an active area of research for several years. However, many of these (64)Cu-chelates have poor in vivo stability or harsh radiolabeling conditions. METHODS In this study, two triazacyclononane analogs; C-NE3TA (4-carboxymethyl-7-[2-(carboxymethyl-amino)-3-(4-nitro-phenyl)-propyl]-[1,4,7]triazo-nan-1-yl-acetic acid) and N-NE3TA (4-carboxymethyl-7-[2-[carboxymethyl-(4-nitro-benzyl)-amino]-ethyl]-[1,4,7]triazonan-1-yl-acetic acid) were evaluated for their labeling efficiency with (64)Cu at room temperature and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies included complexation kinetics with Cu(II) using a spectrophotometric method and rat serum stability, while the in vivo biodistribution was evaluated using SCID mice. RESULTS C-NE3TA and N-NE3TA were labeled at >95% efficiency up to ~3.4Ci/μmol. Both C-NE3TA and N-NE3TA formed complexes with Cu(II) almost immediately, with the Cu(II) complexation by C-NE3TA being faster than the formation of Cu(II)-N-NE3TA. Both (64)Cu-N-NE3TA and (64)Cu-C-NE3TA were 96.1% and 90.5% intact after 48h incubation in rat serum, respectively. This is compared to (64)Cu complexes of the control chelators, p-NH(2)-Bn-DOTA and p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA, with 93.9% and 97.9% retention of (64)Cu in the complex, respectively. In vivo evaluation of (64)Cu-N-NE3TA and (64)Cu-C-NE3TA demonstrates good clearance from normal tissues except for the liver, where 59% and 51% of the radioactivity is retained at 24h compared to 1h for (64)Cu-N-NE3TA and (64)Cu-C-NE3TA, respectively. This compares to 78% and 3% retention for (64)Cu-p-NH(2)-Bn-DOTA and (64)Cu-p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that while N-NE3TA and C-NE3TA appear to be superior chelators for (64)Cu than p-NH(2)-Bn-DOTA, they are not better than p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA. Nevertheless, it may still be interesting to evaluate these chelators after conjugation to biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra A De Silva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Chong HS, Sun X, Dong P, Kang CS. Convenient Synthesis and Evaluation of Heptadentate Bifunctional Ligand for Radioimmunotherapy Applications. European J Org Chem 2011; 2011:6641-6648. [PMID: 23794941 PMCID: PMC3686137 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic route to a bifunctional chelating agent C-NE3TA-NCS for antibody-targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT) applications was developed. Various synthetic methods centered on the key reaction steps including bimolecular cyclization, ring opening reactions of aziridine and aziridinium cations, and reductive aminiation were explored to optimize the preparation of a tetraaza-based chelate TANPA and C-NE3TA analogues. Heptadentate C-NE3TA-NCS was conjugated to a tumor targeting antibody and compared to hexadentate C-NOTA-NCS for radiolabeling reaction kinetics with lanthanides for RIT. C-NE3TA-antibody conjugate displayed significantly enhanced complexation kinetics with 90Y as compared to C-NOTA-antibody conjugate. The synthetic methods for TANPA and C-NE3TA-NCS reported herein have broad applications for preparation of bifunctioanl macrocyclic chelating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soon Chong
- 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chemistry Division, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Science Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616. Fax: 312-567-3494,
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Chong HS, Song HA, Kang CS, Le T, Sun X, Dadwal M, Lee H, Lan X, Chen Y, Dai A. A highly effective bifunctional ligand for radioimmunotherapy applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5584-6. [PMID: 21468393 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel bifunctional ligand (3p-C-NETA) for antibody-targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of β-emitting radioisotopes (90)Y and (177)Lu was efficiently synthesized via an unexpected regiospecific ring opening of an aziridinium ion. 3p-C-NETA instantly formed a very stable complex with (90)Y or (177)Lu. 3p-C-NETA is an excellent bifunctional ligand for RIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Chong HS, Song HA, Ma X, Milenic DE, Brady ED, Lim S, Lee H, Baidoo K, Cheng D, Brechbiel MW. Novel bimodal bifunctional ligands for radioimmunotherapy and targeted MRI. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1439-47. [PMID: 18564868 DOI: 10.1021/bc800050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structurally novel bifunctional ligands C-NETA and C-NE3TA, each possessing both acyclic and macrocyclic moieties, were prepared and evaluated as potential chelates for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) and targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Heptadentate C-NE3TA was fortuitously discovered during the preparation of C-NETA. An optimized synthetic method to C-NETA and C-NE3TA including purification of the polar and tailing reaction intermediates, tert-butyl C-NETA (2) and tert-butyl C-NE3TA (3) using semiprep HPLC was developed. The new Gd(III) complexes of C-NETA and C-NE3TA were prepared as contrast enhancement agents for use in targeted MRI. The T 1 relaxivity data indicate that Gd(C-NETA) and Gd(C-NE3TA) possess higher relaxivity than Gd(C-DOTA), a bifunctional version of a commercially available MRI contrast agent; Gd(DOTA). C-NETA and C-NE3TA were radiolabeled with (177)Lu, (90)Y, (203)Pb, (205/6)Bi, and (153)Gd; and in vitro stability of the radiolabeled corresponding complexes was assessed in human serum. The in vitro studies indicate that the evaluated radiolabeled complexes were stable in serum for 11 days with the exception being the (203)Pb complexes of C-NETA and C-NE3TA, which dissociated in serum. C-NETA and C-NE3TA radiolabeled (177)Lu, (90)Y, or (153)Gd complexes were further evaluated for in vivo stability in athymic mice and possess excellent or acceptable in vivo biodistribution profile. (205/6)Bi- C-NE3TA exhibited extremely rapid blood clearance and low radioactivity level at the normal organs, while (205/6)Bi- C-NETA displayed low radioactivity level in the blood and all of the organs except for the kidney where relatively high renal uptake of radioactivity is observed. C-NETA and C-NE3TA were further modified for conjugation to the monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
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