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Rapetti F, Spallarossa A, Russo E, Caviglia D, Villa C, Tasso B, Signorello MG, Rosano C, Iervasi E, Ponassi M, Brullo C. Investigations of Antioxidant and Anti-Cancer Activities of 5-Aminopyrazole Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:2298. [PMID: 38792163 PMCID: PMC11124527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To further extend the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of 5-aminopyrazoles (5APs) and identify novel compounds able to interfere with inflammation, oxidative stress, and tumorigenesis, 5APs 1-4 have been designed and prepared. Some chemical modifications have been inserted on cathecol function or in aminopyrazole central core; in detail: (i) smaller, bigger, and more lipophilic substituents were introduced in meta and para positions of catechol portion (5APs 1); (ii) a methyl group was inserted on C3 of the pyrazole scaffold (5APs 2); (iii) a more flexible alkyl chain was inserted on N1 position (5APs 3); (iv) the acylhydrazonic linker was moved from position 4 to position 3 of the pyrazole scaffold (5APs 4). All new derivatives 1-4 have been tested for radical scavenging (DPPH assay), anti-aggregating/antioxidant (in human platelets) and cell growth inhibitory activity (MTT assay) properties. In addition, in silico pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness properties, and toxicity have been calculated. 5APs 1 emerged to be promising anti-proliferative agents, able to suppress the growth of specific cancer cell lines. Furthermore, derivatives 3 remarkably inhibited ROS production in platelets and 5APs 4 showed interesting in vitro radical scavenging properties. Overall, the collected results further confirm the pharmaceutical potentials of this class of compounds and support future studies for the development of novel anti-proliferative and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rapetti
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.R.); (A.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.R.); (A.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.R.); (A.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.R.); (A.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Carla Villa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.R.); (A.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.R.); (A.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Maria Grazia Signorello
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Biochemistry Lab., University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Camillo Rosano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (E.I.); (M.P.)
| | - Erika Iervasi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (E.I.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Ponassi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (E.I.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.R.); (A.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.V.); (B.T.)
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Lusardi M, Spallarossa A, Brullo C. Amino-Pyrazoles in Medicinal Chemistry: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097834. [PMID: 37175540 PMCID: PMC10177828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A pyrazole nucleus is an easy-to-prepare scaffold with large therapeutic potential. Consequently, the search for new pyrazole-based compounds is of great interest to the academic community as well as industry. In the last ten years, a large number of papers and reviews on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of different classes of pyrazoles and many pyrazole-containing compounds have been published. However, an overview of pyrazole derivatives bearing a free amino group at the 3, 4, or 5 position (namely, 3-aminopyrazoles, 4-aminopyrazoles, and 5-aminopyrazoles, respectively) and their biological properties is still missing, despite the fact that aminopyrazoles are advantageous frameworks able to provide useful ligands for receptors or enzymes, such as p38MAPK, and different kinases, COX and others, as well as targets important for bacterial and virus infections. With the aim to fill this gap, the present review focuses on aminopyrazole-based compounds studied as active agents in different therapeutic areas, with particular attention on the design and structure-activity relationships defined by each class of compounds. In particular, the most relevant results have been obtained for anticancer/anti-inflammatory compounds, as the recent approval of Pirtobrutinib demonstrates. The data reported here are collected from different databases (Scifinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Pubmed) using "aminopyrazole" as the keyword.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Aggarwal R, Kaushik P, Kumar A, Saini D. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5-amino-3-aryl-1-(6'-chloropyridazin-3'-yl)pyrazoles and their Derivatives as Analgesic Agents. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 70:493-502. [PMID: 32707592 DOI: 10.1055/a-1202-9959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and environmental benign solvent-free synthesis of 5-amino-3-aryl-1-(6'-chloropyridazin-3'-yl)pyrazoles (4A-E): was accomplished by grinding 3-chloro-6-hydrazinopyridazine (2): and β-ketonitriles (3A-E): in the presence of p-toulenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. Subsequently, 6'-chloro group in 4A-E: was replaced with cyclic 2° amine derivatives viz. pyrrolidine 5A: , piperidine 5B: and morpholine 5C: to obtain 6A-E: , 7A-E: , 8A-E: respectively. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using IR, NMR (1H and 13C), mass spectral studies, elemental analyses. All the synthesized compounds were studied for their docking interaction with target protein 6COX and screened for their in vivo analgesic mode of action against swiss albino mice (animal model) using acetic-acid induced writhing test. Consequently, docking simulations data justifies the potential of synthesized series as an analgesic and very well correlated with in vivo study. Preliminary results revealed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good analgesic activity as compared to reference/standard drug (s) sodium diclofenac and candidates 4D: and 7C: protrude out as a promising lead for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research NISTADS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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Duan L, Zhou H, Gu Y, Gong P, Qin M. The use of enaminones and enamines as effective synthons for MSA-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 1,3,4-tri- and 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazoles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03701b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, an efficient regioselective synthesis of 1,3,4-tri- and 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazoles via a methanesulfonic acid (MSA)-catalyzed reaction of hydrazones with enaminones or enamines is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Center
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Center
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Center
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Center
| | - Mingze Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University)
- Ministry of Education
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Center
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Bagley MC, Dwyer JE, Baashen M, Dix MC, Murziani PGS, Rokicki MJ, Kipling D, Davis T. The effect of RO3201195 and a pyrazolyl ketone P38 MAPK inhibitor library on the proliferation of Werner syndrome cells. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 14:947-56. [PMID: 26611938 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis of the pyrazolyl ketone p38 MAPK inhibitor RO3201195 in 7 steps and 15% overall yield, and the comparison of its effect upon the proliferation of Werner Syndrome cells with a library of pyrazolyl ketones, strengthens the evidence that p38 MAPK inhibition plays a critical role in modulating premature cellular senescence in this progeroid syndrome and the reversal of accelerated ageing observed in vitro on treatment with SB203580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
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Bagley MC, Baashen M, Chuckowree I, Dwyer JE, Kipling D, Davis T. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of a MK2 Inhibitor by Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling for Study in Werner Syndrome Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:257-76. [PMID: 26046488 PMCID: PMC4491660 DOI: 10.3390/ph8020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions have been employed towards the synthesis of three different MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitors to study accelerated aging in Werner syndrome (WS) cells, including the cross-coupling of a 2-chloroquinoline with a 3-pyridinylboronic acid, the coupling of an aryl bromide with an indolylboronic acid and the reaction of a 3-amino-4-bromopyrazole with 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid. In all of these processes, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was fast and relatively efficient using a palladium catalyst under microwave irradiation. The process was incorporated into a rapid 3-step microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of a MK2 inhibitor involving 3-aminopyrazole formation, pyrazole C-4 bromination using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the pyrazolyl bromide with 4-carbamoylphenylboronic acid to give the target 4-arylpyrazole in 35% overall yield, suitable for study in WS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Mohammed Baashen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Irina Chuckowree
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - Jessica E Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QJ, UK.
| | - David Kipling
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Terence Davis
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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Bagley MC, Dwyer JE, Molina MDB, Rand AW, Rand HL, Tomkinson NCO. Microwave-assisted synthesis of 3-aminobenzo[b]thiophene scaffolds for the preparation of kinase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6814-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis of 3-aminobenzo[b]thiophenes has been applied to 3 kinase inhibitor scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Bagley
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Sussex
- Brighton, East Sussex
- UK
| | - Jessica E. Dwyer
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Sussex
- Brighton, East Sussex
- UK
| | | | - Alexander W. Rand
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Sussex
- Brighton, East Sussex
- UK
| | - Hayley L. Rand
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Sussex
- Brighton, East Sussex
- UK
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Bagley MC, Baashen M, Paddock VL, Kipling D, Davis T. Regiocontrolled synthesis of 3- and 5-aminopyrazoles, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines and pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolinones as MAPK inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Structure-based virtual screening approach to the discovery of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Synthesis of the highly selective p38 MAPK inhibitor UR-13756 for possible therapeutic use in Werner syndrome. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:193-201. [PMID: 21426186 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UR-13756 is a potent and selective p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, reported to have good bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties and, thus, is of potential use in the treatment of accelerated aging in Werner syndrome. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Irradiation of 2-chloroacrylonitrile and methylhydrazine in ethanol at 100 °C gives 1-methyl-3-aminopyrazole, which reacts with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and a ketone, obtained by Claisen condensation of 4-picoline, in a Hantzsch-type 3-component hereocyclocondensation, to give the pyrazolopyridine UR-13756. UR-13756 shows p38 MAPK inhibitory activity in human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized HCA2 dermal fibroblasts, with an IC(50) of 80 nm, as shown by ELISA, is 100% efficacious for up to 24 h at 1.0 μm and displays excellent kinase selectivity over the related stress-activated c-Jun kinases. In addition, UR-13756 is an effective p38 inhibitor at 1.0 μm in Werner syndrome cells, as shown by immunoblot. CONCLUSION The convergent synthesis of UR-13756 is realized using microwave dielectric heating and provides a highly selective inhibitor that shows excellent selectivity for p38 MAPK over c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
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Gram-scale synthesis of the p38α MAPK-inhibitor VX-745 for preclinical studies into Werner syndrome. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1417-27. [PMID: 21426137 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ATP-competitive p38α MAPK inhibitor VX-745 exhibits an exquisite kinase selectivity profile, is effective in blocking p38 stress signaling in Werner syndrome dermal fibroblasts, has efficacy in clinical trials and may have therapeutic value against Werner syndrome. Previous synthetic routes, however, have only resulted in milligram quantities suitable for cell-based studies, whereas gram quantities would be required for in vivo use. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Microwave irradiation using a stop-flow monomodal microwave reactor has been found to facilitate scale-up of the synthesis of VX-745. Ullmann-type C-S bond formation using thiophenol, chloropyridazine, copper(I) catalyst and diol ligand proceeds rapidly and efficiently in this apparatus for elaboration to the pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazinone core of VX-745 on gram scale and with good overall yield. CONCLUSION This method delivers the p38 inhibitor VX-745 in sufficient quantities for preclinical studies to rescue the aging phenotype in Werner syndrome.
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Spencer J, Amin J, Coxhead P, McGeehan J, Richards CJ, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Bingham JP, Hartley JA, Feng L, Meggers E, Guille M. Size Does Matter. Sterically Demanding Metallocene-Substituted 3-Methylidene-Oxindoles Exhibit Poor Kinase Inhibitory Action. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John Spencer
- School of Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, University of Greenwich, Chatham, ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Jahangir Amin
- School of Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, University of Greenwich, Chatham, ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Peter Coxhead
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, U.K
| | - John McGeehan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, U.K
| | | | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO171BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO171BJ, U.K
| | - John P. Bingham
- CRUK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - John A. Hartley
- CRUK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Li Feng
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Guille
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, U.K
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Bagley M, Davis T, Latimer J, Kipling D. The contribution of biogerontology to quality ageing. QUALITY IN AGEING AND OLDER ADULTS 2011. [DOI: 10.5042/qiaoa.2011.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Aggarwal R, Kumar V, Kumar R, Singh SP. Approaches towards the synthesis of 5-aminopyrazoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:179-97. [PMID: 21448263 PMCID: PMC3063075 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological and medicinal properties of 5-aminopyrazoles have prompted enormous research aimed at developing synthetic routes to these heterocyles. This review focuses on the biological properties associated with this system. Various synthetic methods developed up to 2010 for these compounds are described, particularly those that involve the reactions of β-ketonitriles, malononitrile, alkylidenemalononitriles and their derivatives with hydrazines, as well as some novel miscellaneous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, Haryana, India
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Use of p38 MAPK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Werner Syndrome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1842-1872. [PMID: 27713332 PMCID: PMC4033955 DOI: 10.3390/ph3061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome provides a convincing model for aspects of the normal ageing phenotype and may provide a suitable model for therapeutic interventions designed to combat the ageing process. Cultured primary fibroblast cells from Werner syndrome patients provide a powerful model system to study the link between replicative senescence in vitro and in vivo pathophysiology. Genome instability, together with an increased pro-oxidant state, and frequent replication fork stalling, all provide plausible triggers for intracellular stress in Werner syndrome cells, and implicates p38 MAPK signaling in their shortened replicative lifespan. A number of different p38 MAPK inhibitor chemotypes have been prepared rapidly and efficiently using microwave heating techniques for biological study in Werner syndrome cells, including SB203580, VX-745, RO3201195, UR-13756 and BIRB 796, and their selectivity and potency evaluated in this cellular context. Werner syndrome fibroblasts treated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor reveal an unexpected reversal of the accelerated ageing phenotype. Thus the study of p38 inhibition and its effect upon Werner pathophysiology is likely to provide new revelations into the biological mechanisms operating in cellular senescence and human ageing in the future.
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of a pyrazolyl ketone library for evaluation as p38 MAPK inhibitors in Werner syndrome cells. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:203-13. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pyrazolyl ketone motif of RO3201195, which exhibits good oral bioavailability and high selectivity for p38 MAPK over other kinases, is a key pharmacophore that could find application in the treatment of Werner syndrome. Results and discussion: Microwave irradiation promotes Knoevenagel condensation of a β-ketonitrile and formamidine, to give β-aminovinyl ketones, and their subsequent cyclocondensation with a subset of hydrazines to provide rapid access to a 24-membered library of pyrazolyl ketones. The library was evaluated in human hTERT-immortalized HCA2 dermal cells and Werner syndrome cells. Conclusion: Four compounds display comparable, if not slightly improved, potency over RO3201195.
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Glasnov TN, Groschner K, Kappe CO. High-speed microwave-assisted synthesis of the trifluoromethylpyrazol-derived canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel inhibitor Pyr3. ChemMedChem 2010; 4:1816-8. [PMID: 19728347 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toma N Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Austria
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Bagley MC, Lin Z, Phillips DJ, Graham AE. Barium manganate in microwave-assisted oxidation reactions: synthesis of lactones by oxidative cyclization of diols. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Ageing is a progressive failure of defence and repair processes that produces physiological frailty (the loss of organ reserve with age), loss of homeostasis and eventual death. Over the past ten years exceptional progress has been made in understanding both why the ageing process happens and the mechanisms that are responsible for it. The study of natural mutants that accelerate some, but not all, of the features of the human ageing process has now progressed to a degree that drug trials are either taking place or can be envisaged. Simultaneously, a series of mutations have been identified in different species that confer extended healthy life, indicating that the ageing process is much more malleable than might have been expected and that single interventions have the potential to delay the onset of multiple age-associated conditions. Data generated using these organisms have led to the formulation of a powerful new hypothesis, the ‘green theory’ of ageing. This proposes that a finite capacity to carry out broad-spectrum detoxification and recycling is the primary mechanistic limit on organismal lifespan. This is turn suggests important new experimental approaches and potential interventions designed to increase healthy lifespan.
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Gaber H, Bagley M. Unlocking the Chemotherapeutic Potential of β-Aminovinyl Ketones and Related Compounds. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1043-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Davis T, Kipling D. Assessing the role of stress signalling via p38 MAP kinase in the premature senescence of ataxia telangiectasia and Werner syndrome fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2008; 10:253-66. [PMID: 18830681 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-008-9179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The premature ageing ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Werner syndromes (WS) are associated with accelerated cellular ageing. Young WS fibroblasts have an aged appearance and activated p38 MAP kinase, and treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB230580 extends their lifespan to within the normal range. SB203580 also extends the replicative lifespan of normal adult dermal fibroblasts, however, the effect is much reduced when compared to WS cells, suggesting that WS fibroblasts undergo a form of stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). A small lifespan extension is seen in AT cells, which is not significant compared to normal fibroblasts, and the majority of young AT cells do not have an aged appearance and lack p38 activation, suggesting that the premature ageing does not result from SIPS. The lack of p38 activation is supported by the clinical manifestation, since AT is not associated with inflammatory disease, whereas WS individuals are predisposed to atherosclerosis, type II diabetes and osteoporosis, conditions known to be associated with p38 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Davis
- Department of Pathology, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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