1
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Hall A, Chanteux H, Ménochet K, Ledecq M, Schulze MSED. Designing Out PXR Activity on Drug Discovery Projects: A Review of Structure-Based Methods, Empirical and Computational Approaches. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6413-6522. [PMID: 34003642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This perspective discusses the role of pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) in drug discovery and the impact of its activation on CYP3A4 induction. The use of structural biology to reduce PXR activity on drug discovery projects has become more common in recent years. Analysis of this work highlights several important molecular interactions, and the resultant structural modifications to reduce PXR activity are summarized. The computational approaches undertaken to support the design of new drugs devoid of PXR activation potential are also discussed. Finally, the SAR of empirical design strategies to reduce PXR activity is reviewed, and the key SAR transformations are discussed and summarized. In conclusion, this perspective demonstrates that PXR activity can be greatly diminished or negated on active drug discovery projects with the knowledge now available. This perspective should be useful to anyone who seeks to reduce PXR activity on a drug discovery project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hall
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marie Ledecq
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine-L'Alleud 1420, Belgium
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2
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Stepannikova KO, Vashchenko BV, Grygorenko OO, Gorichko MV, Cherepakha AY, Moroz YS, Volovenko YM, Zhersh S. Synthesis of Spirocyclic β- and γ-Sultams by One-Pot Reductive Cyclization of Cyanoalkylsulfonyl Fluorides. European J Org Chem 2020; 2021:6530-6540. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Marian V. Gorichko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Yurii S. Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Chemspace; Ilukstes iela 38-5 1082 Riga Latvia
| | - Yulian M. Volovenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Serhii Zhersh
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
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3
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Bower MJ, Aronov AM, Cleveland T, Hariparsad N, McGaughey GB, McMasters DR, Zhang X, Goldman B. Smallest Maximum Intramolecular Distance: A Novel Method to Mitigate Pregnane Xenobiotic Receptor Activation. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:2091-2099. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Bower
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Alex M. Aronov
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Thomas Cleveland
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Niresh Hariparsad
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Georgia B. McGaughey
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Daniel R. McMasters
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brian Goldman
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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4
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Wang K, Zhu H, Zhao H, Zhang K, Tian Y. Application of carbamyl in structural optimization. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103757. [PMID: 32217370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbamyl is considered a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. It has a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-epilepsy, for which the best evidence is a number of marketed carbamyl-containing drugs. Carbamyl is formed of primary amine and carbonyl moieties that act as hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen acceptors with residues of targets respectively, which are benefit for improving pharmacological activities. In other cases, the introduced carbamyl improves drug-like properties including oral bioavailability. In this review, we introduce the carbamyl-containing drugs and the application of carbamyl in structural optimization as a result of enhancing activities or/and drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanglei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongxi Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hongqian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yongshou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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5
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Moscovitz JE, Lin Z, Johnson N, Tu M, Goosen TC, Weng Y, Kalgutkar AS. Induction of human cytochrome P450 3A4 by the irreversible myeloperoxidase inactivator PF-06282999 is mediated by the pregnane X receptor. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:647-655. [PMID: 28685622 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1353163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1. 2-(6-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl) acetamide (PF-06282999) is a member of the thiouracil class of irreversible inactivators of human myeloperoxidase enzyme and a candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. PF-06282999 is an inducer of CYP3A4 mRNA and midazolam-1'-hydroxylase activity in human hepatocytes, which is consistent with PF-06282999-dose dependent decreases in mean maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of midazolam in humans following 14-day treatment with PF-06282999. 2. In the present study, the biochemical mechanism(s) of CYP3A4 induction by PF-06282999 was studied. Incubations in reporter cells indicated that PF-06282999 selectively activated human pregnane X receptor (PXR). Treatment of human HepaRG cells with PF-06282999 led to ∼14-fold induction in CYP3A4 mRNA and 5-fold increase in midazolam-1'-hydroxylase activity, which was nullified in PXR-knock out HepaRG cells. TaqMan® gene expression analysis of human hepatocytes treated with PF-06282999 and the prototypical PXR agonist rifampin demonstrated increases in mRNA for CYP3A4 and related CYPs that are regulated by PXR. 3. Docking studies using a published human PXR crystal structure provided insights into the molecular basis for PXR activation by PF-06282999. Implementation of PXR transactivation assays in a follow-on discovery campaign should aid in the identification of back-up compounds devoid of PXR activation and CYP3A4 induction liability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiwu Lin
- b Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc , Groton , CT , USA
| | | | - Meihua Tu
- a Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc , Cambridge , MA , USA and
| | | | - Yan Weng
- a Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc , Cambridge , MA , USA and
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6
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Murumkar PR, Shinde AC, Sharma MK, Yamaguchi H, Miniyar PB, Yadav MR. Development of a credible 3D-QSAR CoMSIA model and docking studies for a series of triazoles and tetrazoles containing 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 27:265-292. [PMID: 27094303 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1167774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is described by insulin resistance and high fasting blood glucose. Increased levels of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme result in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 decreases glucose production and increases hepatic insulin sensitivity. Use of selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors could prove to be an effective strategy for the treatment of the disease. It was decided to identify the essential structural features required by any compound to possess 11β-HSD1 inhibitory activity. A dataset of 139 triazoles and tetrazoles having 11β-HSD1 inhibitory activity was used for the development of a 3D-QSAR model. The best comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model was generated with databased alignment, which was further used for comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). The optimal CoMSIA model showed [Formula: see text] = 0.809 with five components, [Formula: see text] = 0.931, SEE = 0.323 and F-value = 249.126. The CoMSIA model offered better prediction than the CoMFA model with [Formula: see text] = 0.522 and 0.439, respectively, indicating that the CoMSIA model appeared to be a better one for the prediction of activity for the newly designed 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. The selectivity aspect of 11β-HSD1 over 11β-HSD2 was studied with the help of docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Murumkar
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
- b Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy , Narhe , India
| | - A C Shinde
- b Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy , Narhe , India
| | - M K Sharma
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
- b Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy , Narhe , India
| | - H Yamaguchi
- c Department of Pharmacy , Meijo University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - P B Miniyar
- b Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy , Narhe , India
| | - M R Yadav
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
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7
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Scott JS, Goldberg FW, Turnbull AV. Medicinal Chemistry of Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1). J Med Chem 2013; 57:4466-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4014746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Scott
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Frederick W. Goldberg
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Andrew V. Turnbull
- AstraZeneca Innovative Medicines, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, U.K
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8
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Sinz MW. Evaluation of pregnane X receptor (PXR)-mediated CYP3A4 drug-drug interactions in drug development. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:3-14. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2012.743560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Avoiding PXR and CAR Activation and CYP3A4 Enzyme Induction. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2013_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese K. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California, United States
| | - Sean O. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California, United States
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11
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Discovery and optimization of benzenesulfonanilide derivatives as a novel class of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3786-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Identification of important chemical features of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type1 inhibitors: application of ligand based virtual screening and density functional theory. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:5138-5162. [PMID: 22606035 PMCID: PMC3344271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13045138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type1 (11βHSD1) regulates the conversion from inactive cortisone to active cortisol. Increased cortisol results in diabetes, hence quelling the activity of 11βHSD1 has been thought of as an effective approach for the treatment of diabetes. Quantitative hypotheses were developed and validated to identify the critical chemical features with reliable geometric constraints that contribute to the inhibition of 11βHSD1 function. The best hypothesis, Hypo1, which contains one-HBA; one-Hy-Ali, and two-RA features, was validated using Fischer’s randomization method, a test and a decoy set. The well validated, Hypo1, was used as 3D query to perform a virtual screening of three different chemical databases. Compounds selected by Hypo1 in the virtual screening were filtered by applying Lipinski’s rule of five, ADMET, and molecular docking. Finally, five hit compounds were selected as virtual novel hit molecules for 11βHSD1 based on their electronic properties calculated by Density functional theory.
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13
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Favia AD, Masetti M, Recanatini M, Cavalli A. Substrate binding process and mechanistic functioning of type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from enhanced sampling methods. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25375. [PMID: 21966510 PMCID: PMC3179505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD-1) plays a key role in the regulation of the glucocorticoids balance by converting the inactive hormone cortisone into cortisol. Numerous functional aspects of 11β-HSD-1 have been understood thanks to the availability at the Worldwide Protein Data Bank of a number of X-ray structures of the enzyme either alone or in complex with inhibitors, and to several experimental data. However at present, a complete description of the dynamic behaviour of 11β-HSD-1 upon substrate binding is missing. To this aim we firstly docked cortisone into the catalytic site of 11β-HSD-1 (both wild type and Y177A mutant), and then we used steered molecular dynamics and metadynamics to simulate its undocking. This methodology helped shedding light at molecular level on the complex relationship between the enzyme and its natural substrate. In particular, the work highlights a) the reason behind the functional dimerisation of 11β-HSD-1, b) the key role of Y177 in the cortisone binding event, c) the fine tuning of the active site degree of solvation, and d) the role of the S228-P237 loop in ligand recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D Favia
- Drug Discovery and Development Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
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14
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Lauria A, Tutone M, Almerico AM. Virtual lock-and-key approach: the in silico revival of Fischer model by means of molecular descriptors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4274-80. [PMID: 21775029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last years the application of computational methodologies in the medicinal chemistry fields has found an amazing development. All the efforts were focused on the searching of new leads featuring a close affinity on a specific biological target. Thus, different molecular modeling approaches in simulation of molecular behavior for a specific biological target were employed. In spite of the increasing reliability of computational methodologies, not always the designed lead, once synthesized and screened, are suitable for the chosen biological target. To give another chance to these compounds, this work tries to resume the old concept of Fischer lock-and-key model. The same can be done for the "re-purposing" of old drugs. In fact, it is known that drugs may have many physiological targets, therefore it may be useful to identify them. This aspect, called "polypharmacology", is known to be therapeutically essential in the different treatments. The proposed protocol, the virtual lock-and-key approach (VLKA), consists in the "virtualization" of biological targets through the respectively known inhibitors. In order to release a real lock it is necessary the key fits the pins of the lock. The molecular descriptors could be considered as pins. A tested compound can be considered a potential inhibitor of a biological target if the values of its molecular descriptors fall in the calculated range values for the set of known inhibitors. The proposed protocol permits to transform a biological target in a "lock model" starting from its known inhibitors. To release a real lock all pins must fit. In the proposed protocol, it was supposed that the higher is the number of fit pins, the higher will be the affinity to the considered biological target. Therefore, each biological target was converted in a sequence of "weighted" molecular descriptor range values (locks) by using the structural features of the known inhibitors. Each biological target lock was tested by performing a molecular descriptors "fitting" on known inhibitors not used in the model construction (keys or test set). The results showed a good predictive capability of the protocol (confidence level 80%). This method gives interesting and convenient results because of the user-defined descriptors and biological targets choice in the process of new inhibitors discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari STEMBIO, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Biologica, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, I-90123 Palermo, Italy.
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15
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Wang H, Robl JA, Hamann LG, Simpkins L, Golla R, Li YX, Seethala R, Zvyaga T, Gordon DA, Li JJ. Generation of 3,8-substituted 1,2,4-triazolopyridines as potent inhibitors of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD-1). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4146-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Penning TM. Human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and pre-receptor regulation: insights into inhibitor design and evaluation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:46-56. [PMID: 21272640 PMCID: PMC3104102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) represent a major class of NAD(P)(H) dependent steroid hormone oxidoreductases involved in the pre-receptor regulation of hormone action. This is achieved by HSDs working in pairs so that they can interconvert ketosteroids with hydroxysteroids resulting in a change in ligand potency for nuclear receptors. HSDs belong to two protein superfamilies the aldo-keto reductases and the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases. In humans, many of the important enzymes have been thoroughly characterized including the elucidation of their three-dimensional structures. Because these enzymes play fundamental roles in steroid hormone action they can be considered to be drug targets for a variety of steroid driven diseases, e.g. metabolic syndrome and obesity, inflammation, and hormone dependent malignancies of the endometrium, prostate and breast. This article will review how fundamental knowledge of these enzymes can be exploited in the development of isoform specific HSD inhibitors from both protein superfamilies. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084, USA.
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17
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Anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic effects of a novel selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, 2-(3-benzoyl)-4-hydroxy-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-2-yl-1-phenylethanone (KR-66344). Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:1028-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Thomas MP, Potter BVL. Crystal structures of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and their use in drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:367-90. [PMID: 21446847 PMCID: PMC4037982 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is synthesized by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, inhibitors of which may treat disease associated with excessive cortisol levels. The crystal structures of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 that have been released may aid drug discovery. The crystal structures have been analyzed in terms of the interactions between the protein and the ligands. Despite a variety of structurally different inhibitors the crystal structures of the proteins are quite similar. However, the differences are significant for drug discovery. The crystal structures can be of use in drug discovery, but care needs to be taken when selecting structures for use in virtual screening and ligand docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Barry VL Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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19
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Kim SH, Kwon SW, Chu SY, Lee JH, Narsaiah B, Kim CH, Kang SK, Kang NS, Rhee SD, Bae MA, Ahn SH, Ha DC, Kim KY, Ahn JH. Identification of Cyclicsulfonamide Derivatives with an Acetamide Group as 11.BETA.-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:46-52. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - So Young Chu
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | | | - Banda Narsaiah
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Chi Hyun Kim
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Seung Kyu Kang
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Sang Dal Rhee
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Sung Hoon Ahn
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | | | - Ki Young Kim
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
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20
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Sun D, Wang Z, Caille S, DeGraffenreid M, Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso F, Hungate R, Jaen JC, Jiang B, Julian LD, Kelly R, McMinn DL, Kaizerman J, Rew Y, Sudom A, Tu H, Ursu S, Walker N, Willcockson M, Yan X, Ye Q, Powers JP. Synthesis and optimization of novel 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexylbenzamide derivatives as potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:405-10. [PMID: 21093258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR of a series of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexylbenzamide inhibitors of 11β-HSD1 are described. Optimization rapidly led to potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors demonstrating efficacy in both rat and non-human primate ex vivo pharmacodynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Sun
- Amgen Inc, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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21
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Su X, Pradaux-Caggiano F, Thomas MP, Szeto MWY, Halem HA, Culler MD, Vicker N, Potter BVL. Discovery of adamantyl ethanone derivatives as potent 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1026-44. [PMID: 20486152 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSDs) are key enzymes regulating the pre-receptor metabolism of glucocorticoid hormones. The modulation of 11beta-HSD type 1 activity with selective inhibitors has beneficial effects on various conditions including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity. Inhibition of tissue-specific glucocorticoid action by regulating 11beta-HSD1 constitutes a promising treatment for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A series of novel adamantyl ethanone compounds was identified as potent inhibitors of human 11beta-HSD1. The most active compounds identified (52, 62, 72, 92, 103 and 104) display potent inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 with IC(50) values in the 50-70 nM range. Compound 72 also proved to be metabolically stable when incubated with human liver microsomes. Furthermore, compound 72 showed very weak inhibitory activity for human cytochrome P450 enzymes and is therefore a candidate for in vivo studies. Comparison of the publicly available X-ray crystal structures of human 11beta-HSD1 led to docking studies of the potent compounds, revealing how these molecules may interact with the enzyme and cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Su
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Yan X, Wang Z, Sudom A, Cardozo M, DeGraffenreid M, Di Y, Fan P, He X, Jaen JC, Labelle M, Liu J, Ma J, McMinn D, Miao S, Sun D, Tang L, Tu H, Ursu S, Walker N, Ye Q, Powers JP. The synthesis and SAR of novel diarylsulfone 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7071-5. [PMID: 20971000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitory activities of a novel series of diarylsulfones are described. Optimization of this series resulted in several highly potent 11β-HSD1 inhibitors with excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Compound (S)-25 showed excellent efficacy in a non-human primate ex vivo pharmacodynamic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Yan
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Zhao Q, Vargas M, Dong Y, Zhou L, Wang X, Sriraghavan K, Keiser J, Vennerstrom JL. Structure-activity relationship of an ozonide carboxylic acid (OZ78) against Fasciola hepatica. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4223-33. [PMID: 20423101 DOI: 10.1021/jm100226t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the SAR of ozonide carboxylic acid OZ78 (1) as the first part of our search for a trematocidal synthetic peroxide drug development candidate. We found that relatively small structural changes to 1 resulted most commonly in loss of activity against Fasciola hepatica in vivo. A spiroadamantane substructure and acidic functional group (or ester prodrug) were required for activity. Of 26 new compounds administered at single 100 mg/kg oral doses to F. hepatica infected rats, 8 had statistically significant worm burden reductions, 7 were partially curative, and 1 (acylsulfonamide 6) was completely curative and comparable to 1 in flukicidal efficacy. This study also showed that the activity of 1 is peroxide-bond-dependent, suggesting that its flukicidal efficacy depends upon hemoglobin digestion in F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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