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Yuan LJ, Peng C, Liu BH, Feng JB, Qiu GF. Identification and Characterization of a Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (LHR) Homolog from the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071736. [PMID: 30965614 PMCID: PMC6480239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH), a pituitary gonadotropin, coupled with LH receptor (LHR) is essential for the regulation of the gonadal maturation in vertebrates. Although LH homolog has been detected by immunocytochemical analysis, and its possible role in ovarian maturation was revealed in decapod crustacean, so far there is no molecular evidence for the existence of LHR. In this study, we cloned a novel LHR homolog (named EsLHR) from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The complete sequence of the EsLHR cDNA was 2775bp, encoding a protein of 924 amino acids, sharing 71% amino acids identity with the ant Zootermopsis nevadensis LHR. EsLHR expression was found to be high in the ovary, while low in testis, gill, brain, and heart, and no expression in the thoracic ganglion, eye stalk, muscle, and hepatopancreas. Quantitative PCR revealed that the expression level of EsLHR mRNA was significantly higher in the ovaries in previtellogenic (Pvt), late vitellogenic (Lvt), and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stages than that in the vitellogenic (Mvt) and early vitellogenic (Evt) stages (P < 0.05), and, the highest and the lowest expression were in Lvt, and Evt, respectively. The strong signal was mainly localized in the ooplasm of Pvt oocyte as detected by in situ hybridization. The crab GnRH homolog can significantly induce the expression of EsLHR mRNA at 36 hours post injection in vivo (P < 0.01), suggesting that EsLHR may be involved in regulating ovarian development through GnRH signaling pathway in the mitten crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Yuan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Chao Peng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Bi-Hai Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jiang-Bin Feng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Gao-Feng Qiu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Ma KY, Zhang SF, Wang SS, Qiu GF. Molecular cloning and characterization of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor homolog in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Gene 2018; 665:111-118. [PMID: 29730424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As an essential mediator in the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway, GnRH receptor (GnRHR) coupled to GnRH, plays an important role in activating the downstream pathway after stimulating a series of cascades to regulate reproduction. To detect the existence of GnRHR and potential GnRH signaling pathway, we cloned and characterized GnRHR in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis (named EsGnRHR). The full-length EsGnRHR cDNA is 2038 bp in length, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1566 bp, a 57 bp 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and a 415 bp 3'-UTR. Prediction of transmembrane domains in protein sequence revealed that the EsGnRHR protein contained seven hydrophobic transmembrane regions (TMs). Reverse transcription PCR revealed that EsGnRHR was mainly expressed in the thoracic nerve group and ovary, and weakly distributed in the testis and brain. In situ hybridization further demonstrated that EsGnRHR mRNA was localized at the protocerebrum and deutocerebrum. In the ovary and testis, the hybridization signal was dominantly at the earlier developmental stages. The signal was mainly localized in the cytoplasm cell in the ovary, and in the epithelium cell in the testis. During the different stages of gonadal development, EsGnRHR displayed increasing trends in both female and male when analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, suggesting that EsGnRHR was involved in controlling gonadal development. Our study provides important information for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying crab development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yi Ma
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Gao-Feng Qiu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
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Fjellaksel R, Boomgaren M, Sundset R, Haraldsen IH, Hansen JH, Riss PJ. Small molecule piperazinyl-benzimidazole antagonists of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1965-1969. [PMID: 30108717 PMCID: PMC6072469 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00320j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we report the synthesis and characterization of a library of small molecule antagonists of the human gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor based upon the 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-piperazinyl-benzimidazole scaffold via Cu-catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition. Our main purpose was to find a more soluble compound based on the WAY207024 lead with nanomolar potency to inhibit the GnRH receptor. A late stage diversification by the use of click chemistry was, furthermore developed to allow for expansion of the library in future optimisations. All compounds were tested in a functional assay to determine the individual potency of inhibiting stimulation of the receptor by the endogenous agonist GnRH. In conclusion, we found that compound 8a showed improved solubility compared to WAY207024 and nanomolar affinity to GnRH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fjellaksel
- Medical Imaging Group , Department of Clinical Medicine , UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway . .,Drug Transport and Delivery Group , Department of Pharmacy , UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway.,Organic Chemistry Group , Department of Chemistry , UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Marc Boomgaren
- Organic Chemistry Group , Department of Chemistry , UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Rune Sundset
- Medical Imaging Group , Department of Clinical Medicine , UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway . .,PET imaging center, division of diagnostics , UNN - University Hospital of North-Norway , 9038 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Ira H Haraldsen
- Department of neuropsychiatry and psychosomatic medicine , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Jørn H Hansen
- Organic Chemistry Group , Department of Chemistry , UiT The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Patrick J Riss
- Department of neuropsychiatry and psychosomatic medicine , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,Realomics SFI, Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , PO BOX 1033 , Oslo 0371 , Norway.,Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS , Postboks 4950 Nydalen , 0424 Oslo , Norway
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Przybyla D, Nubbemeyer U. 4,5-Disubstituted N
-Methylimidazoles as Versatile Building Blocks for Defined Side-Chain Introduction. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Przybyla
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 12-14 55118 Mainz Germany
| | - Udo Nubbemeyer
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 12-14 55118 Mainz Germany
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Yan YJ, Wang TM, Liu W, Wu CW, Zhu AY, Chi CF, Lü ZM, Yang JW. Identification and Expression Profile of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor in Common Chinese Cuttlefish, Sepiella japonica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 325:453-66. [PMID: 27455909 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a vital role in the regulation of reproduction through interaction with a specific receptor (the GnRH receptor). In this study, the GnRH receptor gene from the cuttlefish Sepiella japonica (SjGnRHR) was identified and characterized. The cloned full-length SjGnRHR cDNA was 1,468 bp long and contained a 1,029 bp open reading frame encoding 342 amino acid residues, 8 bp of 5' untranslated regions (UTR), and 431 bp of 3' UTR. The putative protein was predicted to have a molecular weight of 38.75 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.47. In addition, this protein was identified as belonging to the rhodopsin-type (class A) G protein-coupled receptor family. The predicted amino acid sequence contained two N-linked glycosylation sites and 18 phosphorylation sites. Multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree analysis, and three-dimensional structure modeling were conducted to clarify SjGnRHR bioinformatics characteristics. In vitro SjGnRHR expression was carried out using HEK293 cells and the pEGFP-N1 plasmid, to verify the transmembrane properties of this protein. The interaction between the S. japonica GnRH receptor and its ligand was clarified using internalization analysis. SjGnRHR transcriptional quantification confirmed the wide distribution of SjGnRHR in various S. japonica mature tissues. In addition, the transcriptional profile of SjGnRHR in the female brain and ovary during gonadal development was analyzed. Results indicate that GnRHR may be involved in diverse S. japonica physiological functions, especially in the control of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jun Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Wen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Yi Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lü
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. ,
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Zhang L, Peng XM, Damu GLV, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:340-437. [PMID: 23740514 DOI: 10.1002/med.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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Synthesis of novel 3-cyclohexylpropanoic acid-derived nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and their evaluation for tuberculostatic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Miwa K, Hitaka T, Imada T, Sasaki S, Yoshimatsu M, Kusaka M, Tanaka A, Nakata D, Furuya S, Endo S, Hamamura K, Kitazaki T. Discovery of 1-{4-[1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl}-3-methoxyurea (TAK-385) as a potent, orally active, non-peptide antagonist of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4998-5012. [PMID: 21657270 DOI: 10.1021/jm200216q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered an orally active human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivative 1 (sufugolix). To reduce the cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitory activity and improve in vivo GnRH antagonistic activity, further optimization of this scaffold was carried out. We focused our synthetic efforts on chemical modification at the 5 and 3 positions of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione ring based on computational modeling, which resulted in the discovery of 1-{4-[1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl}-3-methoxyurea (16b) as a highly potent and orally active GnRH antagonist. Compound 16b showed potent in vitro GnRH antagonistic activity in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) without CYP inhibition. Oral administration of 16b maintained the suppressive effect of the plasma luteinizing hormone levels in castrated cynomolgus monkeys at a 3 mg/kg dose for more than 24 h. Compound 16b is currently under clinical development with the code name of TAK-385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Miwa
- CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
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Vera MD, Lundquist JT, Chengalvala MV, Cottom JE, Feingold IB, Garrick LM, Green DM, Hauze DB, Mann CW, Mehlmann JF, Rogers JF, Shanno L, Wrobel JE, Pelletier JC. Synthesis and biological evaluation of piperazinyl heterocyclic antagonists of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2512-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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